NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND DRUG DELIVERY

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1 NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND DRUG DELIVERY BIO113B August 2014 Jackson Highsmith Project Analyst ISBN: BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA USA (toll-free within the USA), or (+1) information@bccresearch.com

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 2 SCOPE OF REPORT 2 INTENDED AUDIENCE 3 METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 4 ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS 4 RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 4 BCC RESEARCH WEBSITE 5 DISCLAIMER 5 CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 7 SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS, SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS, ($ MILLIONS) 8 8 CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 11 NANOPARTICLE OVERVIEW 11 TABLE 1 DESCRIPTION OF NANOPARTICLES USED IN DRUG DELIVERY AND DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING LIPOSOMES 13 QUANTUM DOTS 13 DENDRIMERS 13 MACROMOLECULE NANOPARTICLES 13 BRIEF HISTORY OF NANOPARTICLES 14 NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 14 TABLE 2 APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 15 NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 15 TABLE 3 APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 16 NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 16 TABLE 4 APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 17 TABLE 5 NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 18 NANOPARTICLES IN DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 19 TABLE 6 NANOPARTICLES USED FOR IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 20 MAJOR PLAYERS IN NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY FIELD 20 TABLE 7 MAJOR PLAYERS IN NANOPARTICLE DRUG FIELD 21 TABLE 8 MAJOR PLAYER COMPANY REVENUES FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUGS, MAJOR NANOPARTICLE/NANOCRYSTAL DRUG REVENUES 23 TABLE 9 MAJOR NANOPARTICLE/NANOCRYSTAL DRUG REVENUES, THROUGH CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN LIFE SCIENCE 25 TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS, GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 25 25

3 TABLE 11 GLOBAL REVENUES BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS OF NANOPARTICLES, GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 26 TABLE 12 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATION, GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 27 TABLE 13 GLOBAL REVENUES FROM NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 28 TABLE 14 GLOBAL REVENUES FROM NANOPARTICLES IN DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING SYSTEMS, GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE COMPANIES TABLE 15 GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE COMPANIES CHAPTER 5 NANOPARTICLES STRUCTURE 33 ADOPTION OF NANOPARTICLES IN APPLIED MARKETS 33 TABLE 16 NANOPARTICLE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES 33 LIQUID CRYSTALS 34 LIQUID CARRIERS 34 LIPOSOMES 34 DENDRIMERS 35 CHITOSAN AND ALGINATE 35 NANOCRYSTALS 35 QUANTUM DOTS 36 APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES TO DRUGS DELIVERED 37 TABLE 17 NANOPARTICLE SYSTEMS APPROVED FOR DRUG DELIVERY 37 CHAPTER 6 NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTION 40 METHOD OF NANOPARTICLE FORMATION 40 SELF-ASSEMBLY PRODUCTION 41 METHODS OF STABILIZATION 42 METHODS OF DRUG INTRODUCTION 42 POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES 42 MICELLES 43 LIPOSOMES 43 TABLE 18 SAMPLE OF DRUGS DELIVERED THROUGH LIPOSOME NANOTECHNOLOGY GOLD AND SILICON NANOPARTICLES 44 DENDRIMERS 44 METHODS OF LOADING BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES INTO NANOPARTICLES 45 NANOCRYSTAL DRUGS 45 PROBLEMS WITH LARGE-SCALE NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTION CHAPTER 7 NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 49 TABLE 19 NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS 49 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 50 STEM CELL RESEARCH 50

4 CELLULAR REPAIR 51 IN VITRO IMAGING 52 PARAMAGNETIC AND SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES 53 BIOSENSORS AND QUANTUM DOTS 53 QUANTUM DOTS 53 BIOSENSORS 54 TABLE 20 NANOBIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGY UNDER DEVELOPMENT 54 NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH COLLABORATIVE PROGRAMS 56 TABLE 21 ETPN STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND INNOVATION AGENDA 56 CHAPTER 8 NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATION 59 TABLE 22 NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS 59 BIOSEPARATIONS 59 TABLE 23 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (MAB) DRUGS WITH POTENTIAL FOR USE IN NANOPARTICLE DELIVERY SYSTEMS RAPID DRUG ANALYSIS 62 REMOVAL OF IMPURITIES AND TOXINS 62 USING NANOPARTICLES TO INCORPORATE INSOLUBLE DRUGS 63 TABLE 24 SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE-REFORMATTED DRUGS 64 GOLD AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICINE 64 DNA NANOPARTICLE DEVELOPMENT OF DNA-SPECIFIC DRUGS CHAPTER 9 NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 68 NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS 68 TABLE 25 NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS 68 DESIGNING A NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM 69 NANOPARTICLE DRUG STABILITY 69 SIZE HOMOGENEITY OF NANOPARTICLE PREPARATIONS 70 DRUG LOADING OF NANOPARTICLES 71 DRUG RELEASE FROM NANOPARTICLE 71 EXTERNAL TRIGGERS FOR RELEASING DRUG FROM NANOPARTICLES 72 BINDING/INCORPORATION OF BIOMOLECULES TO NANOPARTICLES 72 NANOPARTICLE TOXICITY 74 LARGE-SCALE MANUFACTURING 75 METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION OF NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 77 TABLE 26 STANDARD ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION 77 ORAL ADMINISTRATION 77 INJECTION ADMINISTRATION 78 TRANSDERMAL PATCH 78 TABLE 27 NANOPARTICLE TRANSDERMAL PATCH PRODUCTS 78 IMPLANTATION ADMINISTRATION 79 INHALATION ADMINISTRATION 80 NANOPARTICLES SUITABLE FOR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 80 TABLE 28 TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES SUPPLIED IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 81 LIPID-BASED NANOPARTICLES 81 MICELLE NANOPARTICLES 82 DENDRIMER NANOPARTICLES 83 POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES 83

5 METAL-BASED NANOPARTICLES 84 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE NANOPARTICLES 85 NANOCRYSTALS 86 TABLE 29 NANOCRYSTAL DRUGS APPROVED BY THE FDA 88 NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS NOW AVAILABLE 89 ANTIBIOTIC NANOPARTICLES 89 ANTI-TUMOR AND SMALL MOLECULE DELIVERY BY NANOPARTICLE 90 RELEASE OF ANTI-CANCER DRUGS FROM NANOPARTICLES 95 BIOMACROMOLECULES DELIVERED BY NANOPARTICLES 97 NANOPARTICLE COATINGS FOR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 100 REMOVAL OF NANOPARTICLES FROM THE BODY 101 RENAL CLEARANCE 101 TABLE 30 MECHANISMS FOR REMOVAL OF NANOPARTICLES FROM THE BODY 102 CHAPTER 10 IN VITRO AND IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 104 IN VITRO IMAGING 104 NANOPARTICLES IN DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 104 TABLE 31 NANOPARTICLE CONTRAST MEDIA USED FOR IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 105 CHAPTER 11 BIOMEDICAL NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTS 109 FDA-APPROVED NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTS 109 TABLE 32 CURRENT FDA-APPROVED NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 109 TABLE 33 FDA-APPROVED DRUGS FOR CANCER TREATMENT 111 TABLE 34 FDA-APPROVED DRUGS FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES 113 TABLE 35 FDA-APPROVED NANOPARTICLE DRUGS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES 113 MAJOR PLAYERS IN NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 114 TABLE 36 MAJOR PLAYERS IN NANOPARTICLE DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATION MARKET COMPANY PIPELINES FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY 115 TABLE 37 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR CARDIOVASCULAR NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 115 TABLE 38 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR CNS DISEASE NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 118 TABLE 39 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR GI DISEASE NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 119 TABLE 40 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 120 TABLE 41 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR CANCER NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 123 TABLE 42 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR OPHTHALMIC NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 126 TABLE 43 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 128 DRIVERS OF NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTS AND MARKETING 129 LIMITERS OF NANOPARTICLE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING CHAPTER 12 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUGS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS 132 THE GLOBAL MARKET 132 TABLE 44 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATION AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, TABLE 45 REGIONAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATION AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, TABLE 46 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING AND IN VITRO IMAGING,

6 CHAPTER 13 CLINICAL TRIALS OF NANOPARTICLE DRUGS AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS TABLE 47 DISTRIBUTION OF NANOPARTICLE DRUG CLINICAL TRIALS WITHIN DISEASE CATEGORIES TABLE 48 CLINICAL TRIALS FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUGS FOR CANCER 137 TABLE 49 CLINICAL TRIALS FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUGS/PROCEDURES (NON-CANCER) TABLE 50 CLINICAL TRIALS WITH NANOPARTICLE DRUGS (MISCELLANEOUS) 151 TABLE 51 RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS NANOPARTICLE VACCINE CLINICAL TRIALS TABLE 52 CLINICAL TRIALS FOR NANOPARTICLES FOR DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 152 NANOPARTICLE DRUGS IN PRECLINICAL TESTING STAGE 153 TABLE 53 NANOPARTICLE DRUGS/CARRIERS IN PRECLINICAL EVALUATION CHAPTER 14 PATENTS, LICENSING, MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS 160 TABLE 54 MAJOR LICENSING, COLLABORATIVE PARTNERSHIPS AND MERGER AND ACQUISITION ACTIVITIES NANOPARTICLE PATENTS 162 TABLE 55 GLOBAL PERCENTAGE OF PATENTS ISSUED BY GEOGRAPHY, THROUGH 2014 U.S. PATENTS FOR NANOPARTICLES DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND DELIVERY 163 TABLE 56 U.S. PATENTS FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND DELIVERY 163 TABLE 57 U.S. PATENTS FOR NANOCRYSTALLINE DRUGS 167 QUANTUM DOT PATENTS 168 TABLE 58 U.S. PATENTS FOR QUANTUM DOT TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS CHAPTER 15 COMPANY PROFILES 171 ABRAXIS BIOSCIENCES, INC 171 PRODUCTS 171 STRATEGY 172 ACCESS PHARMA INC. 172 PRODUCTS 172 STRATEGY 173 ADVANCELL 173 STRATEGY 173 ALKERMES, PLC 173 PRODUCTS 174 STRATEGY 174 ALNYLAM PHARMACEUTICALS INC. 174 PRODUCTS 175 STRATEGY 175 AMAG PHARMACEUTICALS INC. 175 PRODUCTS 176 STRATEGY 176 ASTRAZENECA PHARMACEUTICALS, PLC 176 PRODUCTS 177 STRATEGY 177

7 BIND BOSCIENCES INC. 177 STRATEGY 178 CALGENE CORP. 178 STRATEGY 179 CAMURUS AB 179 STRATEGY 179 CAPSULATION AG 180 STRATEGY 180 CERAMISPHERE PTY LTD 180 STRATEGY 181 CERULEAN PHARMA INC. 181 STRATEGY 182 CYTIMMUNE SCIENCES 182 PRODUCTS 183 STRATEGY 183 DEBIOTECH, S.A. 183 PRODUCTS 184 STRATEGY 184 ELAN PHARMACEUTICALS INC. 185 PRODUCTS 186 STRATEGY 186 ENSEMBLE THERAPEUTICS 186 STRATEGY 187 FLAMEL TEHNOLOGIES, INC 187 PRODUCTS 188 STRATEGY 188 GE GLOBAL RESEARCH 188 STRATEGY 189 MAGFORCE NANOTECHNOLOGIES AG 189 PRODUCTS 190 STRATEGY 190 MERSANA THERAPEUTICS INC. 190 PRODUCTS 191 STRATEGY 192 MIV THERAPEUTICS INC 192 STRATEGY 193 NANOCARRIER CO., LTD. 193 PRODUCTS 194 STRATEGY 194 NANOFIBER SOLUTIONS 194 PRODUCTS 195 NANO INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY, INC 195 PRODUCTS 195 STRATEGY 196 NANO MED TECH 196 PRODUCTS 196 NANOPROBES, INC 197

8 STRATEGY 197 NANOSPHERE INC. 198 PRODUCTS 198 STRATEGY 199 NANOTHERAPEUTICS 199 STRATEGY 200 NOVARTIS INTERNATIONAL AG 200 PRODUCTS 201 STRATEGY 201 PHARMASOL CORP. 201 PRODUCTS 202 STRATEGY 202 SKYEPHARMA, PLC 202 PRODUCTS 203 STRATEGY 204 STARPHARMA HOLDINGS, LTD 204 PRODUCTS 204 STRATEGY 205 T2 BIOSYSTEMS INC. 205 PRODUCTS 205 PRODUCTS 206 STRATEGY 206 TALON THERAPEUTICS INC. 206 PRODUCTS 207 STRATEGY 207

9 LIST OF TABLES TABLE HEADING SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS, TABLE 1 DESCRIPTION OF NANOPARTICLES USED IN DRUG DELIVERY AND DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING TABLE 2 APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 15 TABLE 3 APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 16 TABLE 4 APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 17 TABLE 5 NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 18 TABLE 6 NANOPARTICLES USED FOR IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 20 TABLE 7 MAJOR PLAYERS IN NANOPARTICLE DRUG FIELD 21 TABLE 8 MAJOR PLAYER COMPANY REVENUES FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUGS, TABLE 9 MAJOR NANOPARTICLE/NANOCRYSTAL DRUG REVENUES, THROUGH TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS, TABLE 11 GLOBAL REVENUES BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS OF NANOPARTICLES, TABLE 12 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATION, TABLE 13 GLOBAL REVENUES FROM NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, TABLE 14 GLOBAL REVENUES FROM NANOPARTICLES IN DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING SYSTEMS, TABLE 15 GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE COMPANIES TABLE 16 NANOPARTICLE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES 33 TABLE 17 NANOPARTICLE SYSTEMS APPROVED FOR DRUG DELIVERY 37 TABLE 18 SAMPLE OF DRUGS DELIVERED THROUGH LIPOSOME NANOTECHNOLOGY 43 TABLE 19 NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS 49 TABLE 20 NANOBIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGY UNDER DEVELOPMENT 54 TABLE 21 ETPN STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND INNOVATION AGENDA 56 TABLE 22 NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS 59 TABLE 23 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (MAB) DRUGS WITH POTENTIAL FOR USE IN NANOPARTICLE DELIVERY SYSTEMS TABLE 24 SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE-REFORMATTED DRUGS 64 TABLE 25 NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS 68 TABLE 26 STANDARD ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION 77 TABLE 27 NANOPARTICLE TRANSDERMAL PATCH PRODUCTS 78 TABLE 28 TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES SUPPLIED IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 81 TABLE 29 NANOCRYSTAL DRUGS APPROVED BY THE FDA 88 TABLE 30 MECHANISMS FOR REMOVAL OF NANOPARTICLES FROM THE BODY 102 TABLE 31 NANOPARTICLE CONTRAST MEDIA USED FOR IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING TABLE 32 CURRENT FDA-APPROVED NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 109 TABLE 33 FDA-APPROVED DRUGS FOR CANCER TREATMENT 111 TABLE 34 FDA-APPROVED DRUGS FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES 113 TABLE 35 FDA-APPROVED NANOPARTICLE DRUGS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES 113 TABLE 36 MAJOR PLAYERS IN NANOPARTICLE DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATION MARKET

10 TABLE HEADING TABLE 37 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR CARDIOVASCULAR NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 115 TABLE 38 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR CNS DISEASE NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 118 TABLE 39 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR GI DISEASE NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 119 TABLE 40 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 120 TABLE 41 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR CANCER NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 123 TABLE 42 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR OPHTHALMIC NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 126 TABLE 43 COMPANY PIPELINE FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE NANOPARTICLE DRUGS 128 TABLE 44 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATION AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, TABLE 45 REGIONAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATION AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, TABLE 46 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING AND IN VITRO IMAGING, TABLE 47 DISTRIBUTION OF NANOPARTICLE DRUG CLINICAL TRIALS WITHIN DISEASE CATEGORIES TABLE 48 CLINICAL TRIALS FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUGS FOR CANCER 137 TABLE 49 CLINICAL TRIALS FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUGS/PROCEDURES (NON-CANCER) TABLE 50 CLINICAL TRIALS WITH NANOPARTICLE DRUGS (MISCELLANEOUS) 151 TABLE 51 RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS NANOPARTICLE VACCINE CLINICAL TRIALS TABLE 52 CLINICAL TRIALS FOR NANOPARTICLES FOR DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 152 TABLE 53 NANOPARTICLE DRUGS/CARRIERS IN PRECLINICAL EVALUATION 153 TABLE 54 MAJOR LICENSING, COLLABORATIVE PARTNERSHIPS AND MERGER AND ACQUISITION ACTIVITIES TABLE 55 GLOBAL PERCENTAGE OF PATENTS ISSUED BY GEOGRAPHY, THROUGH 2014 TABLE 56 U.S. PATENTS FOR NANOPARTICLE DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND DELIVERY 163 TABLE 57 U.S. PATENTS FOR NANOCRYSTALLINE DRUGS 167 TABLE 58 U.S. PATENTS FOR QUANTUM DOT TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

11 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS, ($ MILLIONS) 8