11/17/14. Why would scientist want to make a mouse glow?

Transcription

1 11/17/14 Why would scientist want to make a mouse glow?

2 11/20 Your test today has ten words please use this time wisely.

3 Chapter 8 Vocabulary Review Bacteriophage Viruses that infect bacteria, makes the bacteria to make more viruses Nucleotide The small units that make up DNA - All have a phosphate group - All have a ring shaped sugar called deoxyribose - Nitrogen base (1 of thymine - - adenine - - cytosine - - guanine Base pairing rules Describe how nucleotides form pairs in DNA

4 Look at all the Vocabulary Words in your word list. Place as many words as you can in each of the following four groups You should be able to Justify your answer Look at page Compare the process of DNA Replication and Transcription

5 12/02 Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram below. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein? A. DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same. B. Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells. C. The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria. D. Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.

6 12/3/14 There is an error in the DNA in which molecule? A. segment 1 only B. segment 3 only C. segment 2 and 3 D. segment 2 and 4

7 8.1 page 226 Experiment What did he inject the mice with? Was the bacteria alive or dead? Did the mouse live or die? What did Griffith learn?

8 8.1 page 226 Experiment What did he inject the mice with? Was the bacteria alive or dead? S bacteria R bacteria S bacteria S & R bacteria Live Live Dead S= dead R= alive Did the mouse live or die? Dead Live Live Dead What did Griffith learn? Griffith learned that even though he killed the s bacteria, if the s strain was injected into mice with a live r strain, the r strain would become lethal. Something in the s strain was transformed into the r strain.

9 Page 227 Avery s Questions Results What type of Molecule does the transforming principle contain? What is the chemical makeup of the transforming principal? Which type of enzyme destroys the ability of the transforming principle to function? Why was Avery able to determine that DNA was the transforming principal and not proteins? The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the transforming principal is similar to the ration found in what molecule?

10 Page 227 Avery s Questions What type of Molecule does the transforming principle contain? Results DNA is present but protein is not What is the chemical makeup of the transforming principal? Which type of enzyme destroys the ability of the transforming principle to function? The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the transforming principle is similar to the ratio found in DNA Enzymes that destroy DNA Why was Avery able to determine that DNA was the transforming principal and not proteins? Proteins contain very little phosphorus, DNA does have phosphorus. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the transforming principal is similar to the ration found in what molecule? DNA

11 Page 228 Experiment Bacteriophage Bacteria 1 What was the radioactive element? Where was it attached? Was the bacteria radioactive? 2 What was the radioactive element? Where was it attached? Was the bacteria radioactive? Why did Hershey and Chase use bacteriophages? What did Hershey and Chase prove about the transforming principal?

12 Page 228 Experiment Bacteriophage Bacteria 1 What was the radioactive element? sulfur Where was it attached? proteins 2 What was the radioactive element? phosphorus Where was it attached? DNA Was the bacteria radioactive? no Was the bacteria radioactive? Yes Why did Hershey and Chase use bacteriophages? They are only made of protein and DNA What did Hershey and Chase prove about the transforming principal? They proved that DNA was the transforming principal

13 Page Draw and label the three parts of a nucleotide. The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for. What are Chargaff s rules? What would be the complement to ACCGTAT

14 Page Draw and label the three parts of a nucleotide. The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for _Nitrogen base. Chargaff s Rules ACCGTAT TGGCATA

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16 Page What kind of structure makes up DNA? 2. What kind of bond holds the base pairs together?

17 Page Replication is: Diagram Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Description What is the purpose of DNA polymerases? What happens after the DNA is unzipped? What does it mean that replication is semi conservative?

18 Page Diagram Replication is: making an exact copy of a cells DNA_ Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Description Enzymes unzip DNA at several locations Two directions at the same time Free floating nucleotides pair with the template strands of DNA. Polymerases bond the nucleotides together Two identical strands of DNA. Semiconservative, one old strand and one new. What is the purpose of DNA polymerases? Polymerases bond the nucleotides together and corrects any errors. What happens after the DNA is unzipped? Free floating nucleotides pair up with exposed bases What does it mean that replication is semi conservative? Each new strand is made of one new and one old strand

19 Page Central Dogma What happens in each step? Where does it occur in the Cell

20 Page Central Dogma What happens in each step? Where does it occur in the Cell? Nucleus DNA is copied Nucleus DNA is converted into RNA Ribosomes RNA is made into a string of amino acids that make proteins

21 What are the three main differences between DNA and RNA? What are the Three types of RNA? DNA mrna rrna RNA trna

22 What are the three main differences between DNA and RNA? DNA Deoxyribose is the sugar Bases are AGTC Double stranded mrna rrna What are the Three types of RNA? messenger Translated to form a protein ribosomal Forms part of the ribosome RNA Ribose is the sugar Bases are AGUC Single stranded trna transfer Brings amino acids to the ribosome

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