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1 Chapter 13 enetic Engineering Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Selective breeding produces a. more offspring. c. desired traits in offspring. b. fewer offspring. d. transgenic organisms. 2. The crossing of buffalo and cattle to produce beefalo is an example of a. inbreeding. c. genetic engineering. b. hybridization. d. transformation. 3. What is the ultimate source of genetic variability? a. inbreeding c. hybridization b. plasmids d. mutations 4. Breeders maintain the desired traits of an organism by a. inbreeding. b. using restriction enzymes. c. hybridization. d. inducing mutations. 5. Polyploidy instantly produces a new plant species because it a. changes a species number of chromosomes. b. results from hybridization. c. causes transgenic plants. d. results from transformation. 6. What does Figure 13-1 show? a. gel electrophoresis C b. DNA sequencing c. a restriction enzyme cutting different sequences of DNA d. polymerase chain reaction 7. Analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allows researchers to a. identify similarities and differences in the genomes of different kinds of organisms. b. determine whether a particular allele of a gene is dominant or recessive. Figure 13-1 c. compare the phenotypes of different organisms. d. cut DNA with restriction enzymes. T T A A Chapter 13 Test A 157

2 8. Which of the following techniques do scientists use to make many copies of a gene? a. cloning b. transformation c. gel electrophoresis d. polymerase chain reaction 9. enetic engineering involves a. reading a DNA sequence. b. editing a DNA sequence. c. reinserting DNA into living organisms. d. all of the above 10. Which of the following are NOT used to read DNA sequences? a. nucleotides c. fluorescent dyes b. gels d. double-stranded DNA molecules 11. A recombinant plasmid gets inside a bacterial cell by a. hybridization. b. radiation. c. transformation. d. recombination. 12. Which of the following is often used as a genetic marker in plasmids? a. a restriction enzyme b. a gene for antibiotic resistance c. a DNA sequence that promotes replication d. a nucleotide labeled with a fluorescent dye 13. What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants? a. improving many people s diets b. using more pesticides c. producing clones d. studying human genes 14. Which of the following is a clone? a. the adult female sheep whose DNA was used to produce Dolly b. a transgenic mouse c. genetically identical bacteria produced from a single cell d. the tobacco plant with the luciferase gene 15. What kind of cell or cells were used to make Dolly? a. body cell only c. egg cell and sperm cell b. egg cell only d. body cell and egg cell 158 Chapter 13 Test A

3 Completion Complete each statement on the line provided. 16. To produce a fruit that has some characteristics of an orange and some of a grapefruit, you would use the selective breeding technique of. 17. The mutations that breeders induce in organisms are passed on to the organisms. 18. The sequence of a DNA fragment can be determined by observing the order of the fluorescent bands on an electrophoresis gel. 19. For a plant transformation to be successful, the recombinant DNA is integrated into one of the of the cell. 20. Dolly is not a(an) animal because all her genes are from the same species of organism. Short Answer In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided. 21. A mule is produced by mating a male donkey with a female horse. What can you conclude, in general, about the characteristics of a mule? 22. How are the selective breeding techniques of hybridization and inbreeding opposites? 23. Why would breeders want to increase a population s mutation rate? Chapter 13 Test A 159

4 A C T T A A Figure What is structure A in Figure 13-2, and what is its significance? 25. What are two ways scientists transform plant cells without using plasmids? Using Science Skills Use the diagram below to answer the questions on the following page on the lines provided. DNA + restriction enzyme A el B Power source Wells C D Figure Chapter 13 Test A

5 26. Interpreting raphics In Figure 13-3, of what do the bands shown in B consist? 27. Comparing and Contrasting Which group of bands in Figure 13-3 moved faster, C or D? Why did they move faster? 28. Inferring What is occurring in the test tubes at A in Figure 13-3? 29. Inferring In Figure 13-3, why are the bands in B moving toward the positive end of the gel? 30. Drawing Conclusions In Figure 13-3, were the three DNA samples shown in A identical? Explain your answer. Essay Write the answer to each question in the space provided. 31. In what ways has selective breeding been useful to humans today and in the past? 32. Explain the advantage and disadvantage of inbreeding. ive an example of each. Chapter 13 Test A 161

6 33. Contrast the techniques used in genetic engineering and in selective breeding to produce organisms with desired traits. 34. Explain how a plant cell might contain a recombinant plasmid but not be successfully transformed. 35. In what general ways are transgenic organisms useful to people today? 162 Chapter 13 Test A