Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10

Transcription

1 Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following has the disadvantage of possibly bringing two recessive alleles together and causing a genetic defect? a. inbreeding b. hybridization c. genetic engineering d. transformation 2. To create animals that have the characteristics of both species, some people have bred buffalo and cattle together. This is an example of a. inbreeding b. hybridization c. genetic engineering d. transformation 3. Which of the following could include all the others? a. hybridization b. inbreeding c. selective breeding d. induced mutations 4. Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria? a. They will die. b. They will live. c. They will under go PCR. d. They will become polyploid. 5. Which protein creates DNA fragments with sticky ends? a. DNA polymerase b. DNA ligase c. restriction enzyme d. lysozyme 6. A gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that have been transformed by a plasmid from those that have not is called a. a resistance gene. b. an antibiotic. c. a genetic marker. d. a clone. 7. Which of the following joins two pieces of DNA together? a. restriction enzyme b. DNA ligase c. plasmid

2 d. genetic marker 8. What does Figure 15 1 represent? a. gel electrophoresis being used to sequence DNA b. hybridization being used to manipulate DNA c. an enzyme being used to cut DNA d. polymerase chain reaction being used to copy DNA Figure Which of the following correctly describes the polymerase chain reaction? a. A piece of DNA is cut with restriction enzymes into smaller pieces. DNA ligase is then used to join the pieces together. b. A restriction enzyme cuts a plasmid, and an antibiotic resistance gene is added. The plasmid is then used to transform bacteria. c. The gene for the GFP protein is inserted into a bacterial genome. The bacteria then make the protein and pass the gene to their offspring. d. DNA is heated to separate the strand, then primers are added. DNA polymerase then builds new strands in the region between the primers. 10. A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as a. a mutant. b. a hybrid. c. a polyploid. d. recombinant DNA. 11. Which of the following would require the use of recombinant DNA? a. Crossing two apple trees to create better apples. b. Breeding a donkey and a horse to make a mule. c. Engineering bacteria that produce human insulin. d. Creating a polyploid banana tree.

3 12. Why is inserting plasmids in yeast more complex than inserting them into bacteria? a. Yeasts are prokaryotes. b. Yeasts are eukaryotes. c. Yeasts are hybrids. d. Yeasts are inbred. 13. Which of the following is a pair of transgenic organisms? a. a hybridized peach tree and bacteria that make human insulin b. a Bt corn plant and a polyploid banana tree c. a hybridized peach tree and a polyploid banana tree d. bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant 14. What kind of technique do scientists use to make transgenic organisms? a. hybridization b. inbreeding c. inducing of mutations d. genetic engineering 15. To produce transgenic bacteria that make insulin, which of the steps listed below would a scientist do FIRST? a. Insert the human insulin gene into a plasmid. b. Extract the insulin from the bacterial culture. c. Cut out the insulin gene from human DNA. d. Transform bacteria with the recombinant plasmid. 16. Which of these is NOT a way in which a GM animals contribute to an increased food supply? a. Cows have increased milk production because they have been injected with hormones made by recombinant bacteria. b. Bacteria are engineered to produce human insulin, which is administered to people with diabetes. c. Growth hormone genes have been used to make transgenic salmon, which grow much more quickly than wild salmon. d. Genetically modified pigs have been engineered, and they produce more lean meat than non-gm pigs. 17. What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants? a. increasing the food supply b. using more pesticides c. producing clones d. studying human genes Figure 15 2

4 18. Why would the procedure in Figure 15 2 be performed? a. to identify a parent b. to treat a genetic disease c. to clone an animal d. to identify active genes 19. Imagine that you are scientist studying skin cancer cells. Which biotechnology technique could you use if you wanted to compare the activity levels of hundreds of genes in skin cancer cells to their activity levels in normal skin cells? a. DNA microarray b. gene therapy c. DNA fingerprinting d. genetic testing 20. What process can prospective parents use to determine if they are carrying recessive alleles for disease? a. DNA fingerprinting b. gene therapy c. genetic testing d. Agrobacterium transformation. 21. What conclusion CANNOT be made from two DNA fingerprints that show identical patterns of bands? a. The DNA in both fingerprints almost certainly came from the same person. b. The DNA in both fingerprints definitely came from two different people. c. The DNA fragments in both fingerprints were separated by their sizes. d. The corresponding bands on the fingerprints are made of DNA fragments that are the same length. 22. Which of the following correctly describes how DNA fingerprinting of certain genes can be used to establish familial relationships? a. The Y chromosome is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links to his father. b. Plasmid DNA is used to look for links from a girl to her mother, and the Y chromosome is used to look for links to her father. c. Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and the Y chromosome is used to look for links to his father. d. Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a girl to her mother, and plasmid DNA is used to look for links to her father. 23. Which of the following is true of patents in biotechnology? a. Scientists are only allowed to patent genes; they cannot patent techniques they use in the lab. b. A scientist who holds a patent can demand high fees that block others from doing certain research. c. Human genes cannot be patented because they belong to everyone. d. Genetically modified foods cannot be patented. 24. Which of the following findings, if true, would support CRITICS of GM crops? a. Bt corn is proven harmless to butterflies. b. Bt cotton requires farmers to use less insecticide on their fields. c. Bt corn reduces the populations of bees needed to pollinate the plants. d. Bt cotton produces higher crop yields than other cotton.

5 25. Which statement below might be used by someone who is arguing against the use of GM crops? a. GM crops reduce the amount of land and energy that need to be devoted to agriculture because they have high yields. b. GM crops need more insecticide to be used than other crops because they grow faster. c. The patents for the seeds of GM crops are held by big companies, which may raise prices and force small farmers out of business. d. No studies have shown that GM crops are dangerous to human health. Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. Animal breeders maintain cat and dog breeds by the process of hybridization. 2. Exposing bacteria to radiation or certain chemicals can increase the frequency of mutations that occur within the population. 3. Scientists use genetic markers to determine which cells have been successfully transformed. 4. In genetic engineering enzymes are used in to cut DNA pieces, join DNA fragments, and build new DNA molecules. 5. To produce a cloned sheep, Ian Wilmut removed the nucleus from a sheep s body cell and injected the cell with a nucleus taken from a body cell of another adult sheep. 6. Transgenic plants are often used to simulate humans in medical tests. 7. Patenting genetic technology sometimes keeps technology out of the hands of people who need it. 8. Patenting a process, such as PCR, restricts the use of the process to the patent holder and to those who pay a fee. Completion Complete each statement. 1. After many generations of individual dogs of the same breed are likely to be very genetically similar. 2. To manipulate the genes of an organism, scientists use, which is the application of a technological process or method to living things. 3. Some plasmids have genes that make bacteria resistant to and allow them serve as genetic markers. 4. DNA finger printing has dramatically changed the field of, which is the study of crime scene evidence.

6 5. If DNA fingerprints were made from DNA samples taken from Dolly and the sheep that donated the body cell, they would show patterns of bands on an electrophoresis gel. 6. The process of replaces a faulty gene with a normal, working gene. 7. All people serving in the United States military are required to give a for purposes of identification. 8. To prevent companies from misusing genetic information, the United States Congress passed the. Short Answer 1. How are the selective breeding techniques of hybridization and inbreeding opposites? 2. Briefly explain what plasmids are and how they can be used to create transgenic organisms. 3. How did Douglas Prasher find the gene that make the GFP protein? 4. Compare the genes in Dolly and the sheep from which she was cloned. 5. How would making crops resistant to herbicides assist farmers? 6. Why are viruses used in gene therapy? 7. Why are DNA from the Y chromosome and mitochondria used in DNA fingerprint tests to establish parent-child relationships? 8. Can an individual be barred from employment based on information learned from a genetic test? Explain your answer. Science Skills Figure 15 4

7 1. Interpret Visuals What process is being illustrated in Figure 15 4? 2. Interpret Visuals During which numbered steps(s) in Figure 15 4 is a restriction enzyme used? 3. Interpret Visuals In Figure 15 4, which numbered step produces a recombinant plasmid? Figure Infer In Figure 15 5, why was the nucleus removed from the egg cell? 5. Interpret Visuals In the cloning shown in Figure 15 5, which sheep provided an egg cell? Figure Interpret Visuals In Figure 15 6, what do the bands shown in B consist of?

8 7. Infer What is occurring in A in Figure 15 6? 8. Draw Conclusions In Figure 15 6, were the any of the three DNA samples from the same person? Explain your answer.

9 Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10 Answer Section Biology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. C MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. F, inbreeding 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F, egg 6. F, animals 7. T 8. T COMPLETION

10 1. inbreeding 2. biotechnology 3. antibiotics 4. forensics 5. identical the same 6. gene therapy 7. DNA sample 8. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act. SHORT ANSWER 1. In hybridization, organisms with dissimilar traits are crossed. In inbreeding, organisms with similar traits are crossed. 2. A plasmid is a circular DNA molecule that is naturally found in bacteria. Scientists use them to transform bacteria and plants. 3. He used the amino acid sequence of GFP and the genetic code to find the mrna sequences that code GFP. Once he had the mrna, he used it as a probe to find its DNA complement, which was the GFP gene. 4. Dolly and the sheep from which she was cloned have identical genes. 5. Farmers can spray their crops with herbicides that will kill the weeds and leave the crop plants unharmed. 6. Viruses are used in gene therapy because they can transfer genes into human cells. 7. Because the DNA in the Y chromosome and mitochondria do not undergo crossing over and are passed from parents to children unchanged. If two Y chromosomes or mtdna samples from two people match, there is a good chance they are related. 8. No. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act protects against discrimination based on genetic information. SCIENCE SKILLS 1. Transformation 2. A restriction enzyme is used between steps 2 and 3, and in step Step 5 produces a recombinant plasmid. 4. The nucleus was removed from the egg cell to make sure that all of the DNA in the clone was from a single sheep. 5. Sheep B 6. The bands consist of DNA fragments. 7. The restriction enzyme is cutting the DNA into fragments. 8. No, none of the DNA samples were from the same person because they produced different patterns of bands on the gel.