Associate professor Elena Kistanova, PhD

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1 Black Sea Horizon International Workshop The Future of Agriculture: Grand Challenges and Technological Change, March 3, 2016, Moscow "BIOTECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION TO FOSTER THE DEVELOPMENT OF BULGARIA S LIVESTOCK BREEDING" Associate professor Elena Kistanova, PhD The Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction Acad. K. Bratanov, BAS, 73 Tzarigradsko shose, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria

2 Bulgaria, animal breeding overview Why Bulgaria Hesitant on Biotechnology? Genetic recourses of Bulgaria and organic farming Reproductive biotechnology in the countries, participated in the Black Sea Horizon project IBIR-BAS experience in the reproductive biotechnologies and international collaboration Conclusion or what we are looking for

3 Bulgaria - 110,994sq.km, population -7,11 million ( mln). Population density 65p/sq.km; Rural population growth (annual %) negative -1,76 Bulgaria is European, Balkan, Black Sea and Danube country

4 Despite that Bulgaria is the traditionally agricultural oriented country, the GVA of agriculture in the Bulgarian economic is only 5.2% (2014) Agricultural land 47% of total country area (used 45%). Agricultural producers ; 2015 (proposed) > Table 1. Livestock breeding in Bulgaria (Agricultural report 2015) Animal species (proposed) (heads) Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Sows Birds Donkey, horses Bees family Rabbits

5 Executive Agency for Selection and Reproduction in Animal breeding the main governmental control body in Bulgaria Number of Total number of farms is around animals per In the breeding programms are registered only: farm Goats 41herd / 4151 heads sows >200 Sheep 881 herds/ heads cows >50 and Cows herds/ heads >100 Buffalo 147 herds/5 215 heads sheep, goat >100 large farms 39 numbers 0,7-0,3 numbers <20% In this case it is difficult to define all kind reproductive problems and to apply reproductive biotechnologies AI (artificial insemination) rare applications in sheep breeding, not systematic; mainly in cattle breeding No embryotransfer and cryopreservation of embryos The Agency supports National genes bank and National genetic reserve and stores in total cryopreserved semen doses of bulls, rams, bucks, stallions. Only semen! It is not enough for today! The targeted adjustment of the reproductive process is one of the important purpose of a high performance animal-breeding, but scientific service is expensive for the farmers

6 Bulgaria Hesitant on Biotechnology USDA Foreign agricultural service report Bulgaria, Agricultural Biotechnology Annual (extracts) Bulgaria s 2010 biotech law prohibits growing for research or commerce biotech crops in all protected areas (34% of Bulgaria area plus 30 km around) In Bulgaria, there are five laboratories approved for biotech research work in plant breeding, no one in animal breeding The abstain positions have been because the country had no local research experiments or studies to provide sufficient evidences for or against respective cases. Bulgaria usually takes a neutral or a conservative position regarding new breeding technologies in animal sector. Researchers are few, underfunded, and are not united in their position Bulgaria has not developed genetic engineering involving farm livestock Bulgaria does not have a system to monitor the imports of GE animals and cloned offspring or genetics from clones.currently there are no labeling and traceability requirements for GE animals or cloned products Is there advantage or disadvantage????

7 The national treasure of Bulgaria are the animal genetic resources - two breeds of cattle, 19 sheep, 1 goat, 4 horse, 1 dog and 1 poultry Breeds refer as animal genetic resources in Bulgaria

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9 The local breeds possess the genes, which are source of their excellent adaptive capabilities, high resistance to diseases and ability of good meat, milk and egg quality. They are preferred for organic raising of animals and their utilizing will be most effective in contributing to the achievement of local food security objectives The organic farming is developing very quickly Animal species Cattle Sheep Goats Bees Sows Birds Total number of operators in organic production The main reasons: Understanding of the usefulness for the countryside development Ecological environment protection Consumers demands for healthy nutrition. Motivation- responsibility for ecological sustainability and health for future generations

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11 Biotechnology is not only genetic modification but genetic improvement One of the ways for improvement of livestock breeds in the future is to develop new breeds with desirable traits based on cross-breeding between traditional livestock breed resistant to important diseases and have breeding value and commercial breeds To ensure the rapid genetic progress the application of MOET biotechnology should be done No hormonal stimulation of reproduction - creation of special environmental conditions, flushing, nutritional biotechnology (special diet regime, bioactive feed additives)

12 Reproductive biotechnology application in the project participants countries (data from the European Embryo transfer association report 2015) Country Collector Approved ET teams ET teams providing data Collected embryos Transferred embryos Black Sea countries of the project Greece Samartzi Russian Knurov bovine, in bovine Federation vivo Turkey Emsen sheep 40- sheep Armenia Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine EU partners in the project Austria F Führer Germany H Cramer ,in vivo (251-sexed and genotyped France S Lacaze , in vivo (sexed-994; genotyped

13 IBIR-BAS experience in reproductive biotechnology and international collaboration, www. ibir.bas.bg/en The year 1938 is accepted as the year of the foundation of the Institute Artificial Insemination and Breeding Diseases. Many years (till 1986) the Director was Academician K.Bratanov, his name after death was gave to the Institute. He is founder of the new scientific directionimmunology of reproduction(1949- Infertility and sperm antibodies in animals ) IBIR-BAS has a total of 41 research staff and 11 technical staff IBIR is divided into five departments: Dept of Immunobiology of Reproduction Dept of Reproductive Biotechnologies and Cryobiology of Gametes, Dept of Embryotechnologies in animals, Dept of Molecular Immunology Dept of Immunoneuroendocrinology

14 Thanks to the FP7 ReProForce project new equipment was purchased and four key laboratories were reorganised and upgraded: proteomic analysis lab, cell culture lab, IVF / embryo transfer facility, confocal/light microscopy facility

15 Achievements of the IBIR-team in the MOET biotechnology, sperm extenders and cryopreservation technology development Bulgaria, 1986, first buffalo calve- transplantant in Europe( IBIR Team Leader Dr. K. Vlahov) Technology transfer to Egypt, (IBIR Team Leader -Dr. D.Kacheva) Extenders for storage and cryopreservation of sperm of different breeds: GH22L, Sredez 13, Serdika, Zlatno Runo

16 Experience of the International collaboration in IBIR-BAS Balkan Network of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction for the protection and restoration of animal genetic resources in the region (2009) ASO Project under Austrian Science and Research Liaison Offices

17 Educational and training activities in the field of reproductive biotechnologies 2013

18 Conclusion or what we are looking for Problems of Bulgarian animal breeding sector Restriction of financial investment in the scientific based farming Low level of innovations in the sector Shortage of skilled labor Opportunities for its solving trough international collaboration with Black Sea countries Collaboration in the regional projects with investment component ( Transborder cooperation; INTERREG; Operational programms under Structural funds) Collaborative development of the innovative product- farming models, management models Actively elaboration and participation in the educational projects within programms at European and regional levels

19 Problems of Bulgarian animal breeding sector Restricted application of a biotechnology Opportunities for its solving trough international collaboration with Black Sea countries Development and participation in the collaborative projects under different European and regional programms on following topics: - advanced biotechnologies and its application ( sperm sexing, early estimation of breeding value genes, embryo transfer, genetic marker selection); - biotechnologies for preservation of local genetic resources: creation of the regional germ cells bank (semen, oocytes, embryos) - trans-border veterinary research on dangerous diseases - labeling and traceability establishment for GE animals or cloned products

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