Biomolecules, Dawn of Life, History of Life on Earth

Transcription

1 Chapter 1.4 & 1.5 Biology Test Review - KEY Biomolecules, Dawn of Life, History of Life on Earth Be familiar with vocabulary and look over all of your notes. Be familiar with the structures, composition, and functions of each biomolecule. Carbon 1. How many valence electrons does carbon have? Four 2. Draw a carbon atom showing protons and electrons. Monomers and Polymers 1. What does the prefix mono mean? One /Single 2. What is a monomer? One molecule that can combine with similar molecules to form a polymer 3. What does the prefix poly mean? Many / Multiple 4. What is a polymer? Multiple monomers bonded together Biomolecules 1. What are the four biomolecules of life? a. Lipids b. Carbohydrate c. Proteins d. Nucleic Acids

2 Carbohydrates 1. What elements make up carbohydrates? 2. Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy 3. Monosaccharides are the monomers in carbohydrates. 4. What is the polymer? Disaccharides (two) & Polysaccharides (three or more) 5. Two examples of carbohydrates are glucose & glycogen Proteins 1. What elements make up proteins? d. Nitrogen 2. List three functions of proteins. a. Repair and maintenance b. Transportation and storage c. Control chemical reactions (enzymes) Lipids 1. What elements make up Lipids?

3 2. Lipids are used as the secondary source of energy 3. Phospholipids provide the structure of cell membranes in all cells. 4. What two smaller molecules make a lipid? a. Glycerol b. Fatty Acids 5. List three examples of lipids. a. Saturated b. Unsaturated c. Phospholipids Nucleic Acids 1. What elements make up nucleic acids? d. Nitrogen e. Phosphorus f. Sulfur 2. What is a function of nucleic acids? Store genetic information 3. The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides 4. Two examples of nucleic acids include DNA and RNA. 5. DNA stores all of an organism s genetic information. Biomolecules in Summary 1. Monomers of carbohydrates are monosaccharides. 2. Monomers of proteins are amino acids. 3. Monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides.

4 4. Glycerol & fatty acids are the monomers of lipids. 5. What biomolecule is used as the primary source of energy? Carbohydrates 6. What biomolecule is used as the secondary source of energy? Lipids 7. What biomolecule is used for biological membranes? Lipids 8. What three elements do all biomolecules have in common? d. Carbon e. Hydrogen f. Oxygen 9. What two biomolecules contain nitrogen? Protein & Nucleic Acids 10. What biomolecule has phosphorus in it? Nucleic Acids 11. Fats, oils, and waxes are examples of what biomolecule? Lipids 12. Enzymes, muscles, and antibodies are examples of what biomolecule? Proteins 13. DNA and RNA are examples of what biomolecule? Nucleic Acids 14. Sugar and starch are examples of what biomolecule? Carbohydrates Characteristics of Life 1. List the seven characteristics of all living things. a. Growth & Development b. Evolution & Adaptation c. Homeostasis d. Metabolism e. Cells f. Response to Stimuli g. Reproduction & Heredity

5 Origin of Life 1. What three characteristics were common between the first cells on earth? a. Prokaryotic b. Anaerobic c. Autotrophic 2. What is a Prokaryotic cell? Oldest type of cell; has no nucleus 3. What is a Eukaryotic cell? Developed from prokaryotic cells; have a nucleus 4. What caused the earth s atmosphere to contain oxygen? Development of eukaryotic cells 5. What is the Endosymbiotic Theory? Prokaryotic cells ate other prokaryotic cells = Eukaryotic cells with cell organelles 6. What two cell organelles were eaten by early Prokaryotic cells? a. Chloroplasts = plant cells b. Mitochondria = animal cells 7. How do scientists theorize that the increase in oxygen in Earth s early atmosphere? Autorophic prokaryotes 8. Time period of mammal dominance: Paleogene period. Era of the geologic time scale that contains the most changes: Paleozoic era. 9. In the biomolecule indicator lab, what color did Lugol s iodine change to and what did it Dark Purple/Black, starch (carbs) 10. In the biomolecule indicator lab, what brown bag test change to and what did it Transparent/Lipids (greasy) 11. In the biomolecule indicator lab, what color did Benedict s solution change to and what did it Carbs (sugar), orange

6 12. In the biomolecule indicator lab, what color did Biuret s solution change to and what did it Proteins, lavender/purple 13. The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism is called Homeostasis 14. Identify the correct geologic time scale ERA with the following: First fish: Paleozoic First reptiles: Paleozoic Mass extinction: Mesozoic First flowering plants: Mesozoic Dinosaurs evolved: Mesozoic Amphibians & Reptiles evolve: Paleozoic 15. In which era and approximately how many years ago does fossil evidence suggest that the first humans appeared? 1.8 million years ago, Neogene Era