2018 Midterm Exam Review KEY

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1 Name: 2018 Midterm Exam Review KEY 1. The Himalayan rabbit s habitat has cold, snowy winters and mild summers. The body is typically covered in white fur except for the nose, feet, tail and ears, which are covered in black fur. A scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a Himalayan rabbit and placed an ice pack over the shaved area. The shaved area grew black fur. Explain why that area would grow back with black fur instead of white fur. The genes for black fur were activated by specific temperatures 2. Some students used information gathered from lab investigations to prepare a table. They entered the following table into their lab notebooks. Cell 1 Cell 2 Is smaller than 5 micrometers Is larger than 10 micrometers Does not have a nucleus Has membrane bound nucleus Does not have membrane bound Has membrane bound organelles organelles Has circular DNA Has linear DNA Cell 1 is a prokaryote and cell 2 is a eukaryote. 3. During the G 1 stage of the cell cycle, a cell carries out its normal function 4. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is AACTGATA, then the new strand will be- TTGACTAT 5. Describe the cellular process occurring in the diagram to the right. Transporting molecules across a membrane from high to low concentration by means of a carrier molecule 6. In a cell, proteins are made on the ribosomes 7. Most viruses are composed of a capsid surrounding a nucleic acid sequence 8.The four butterflies in the illustration represents the offspring in the F1 generation. What are these phenotypes showing? The F1 generation is a result of a dihybrid cross 9. Complete the paring of a biomolecule to its function Cellulose: makes up the cell walls of plant cells Enzymes: decrease the activation energy Phospholipids: interact to create the cell membrane

2 10. Each strand of DNA contains nitrogenous bases that pair with other nitrogenous bases in very specific ways. A diagram of a section of DNA is shown. Complete the complimentary DNA strand. A C A T C G A C G C G C A 11. Different types of mutations can occur in DNA. The diagram represents a type of mutation. Describes the mutation in the diagram? A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA Which statement 12. Describes the process of osmosis? Water moves across the cell membrane from the side with high osmotic pressure towards the side with low osmotic pressure 13. In cattle the allele for cloven hooves (H) is dominant over the allele for mule-foot hooves (h). The phenotype for each trait is shown in this picture: What is the probability of cloven hooves in the offspring of the parents that are heterozygous for the trait? 75% 14. Which phase of mitosis is cell 1 in? Anaphase 15. The entire molecule shown in this diagram is called a nucleotide 16. Define and give examples of diploid cells. Somatic cells- all the cells of the body except gametes

3 17. According to the information shown above, what is the appearance of offspring X? Tall wrinkled 18. The smallest basic unit of matter is the atom. 19. Cells can generate as many as molecules of ATP from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose. Which cellular process results in this amount of ATP production? Aerobic respiration 20. What is a molecule? Atoms of different elements bonded together in certain ratios 21. During interphase a cell grows, duplicates organelles, and copies DNA. 22. Write the correct sequence of the cell cycle? G1, S, G2, Mitosis, cytokinesis 23. Where does translation occur? Ribosome 24. Write out the protein molecule coded for by a piece of mrna with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC? Leu-Lys-Cys-Phe 25. Which types of cells does meiosis produce? Haploid cells 26. A student is using a microscope to study a prepared slide of a single celled organism. A single-celled organism can be classified as a prokaryote based on the absence of- a nucleus 27. Starting at atom list rest of the levels of organization. Atom-molecule-cell 28. What type of biomolecule is a major part of the cell membrane because, it creates a thin hydrophobic layer that helps maintain selective permeability? lipids 29. In which stage of the cell cycle do the nucleus and its contents divide? Mitosis 30. During transcription RNA is produced.

4 31. Each nucleotide triplet in mrna that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) codon 32. A plant that is homozygous for red flowers is crossed with a plant that is homozygous for white flowers. In the case of incomplete dominance, the flowers of the offspring will be Pink only 33. Describes the forms of passive transport? Facilitated diffusion- membrane proteins provide a pathway for larger particles to move across the cell membrane and bring the cell and environment closer to equilibrium 34. What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid? codon 35. One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that- cancer cells divide uncontrollably 36.If the process of meiosis shown proceeds normally, how many chromosomes will cells A, B, C, and D have? 2 each 37. The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds are called the: Active site 38. What type of biomolecule is used during facilitated diffusion to allow large particles in or out of the cell? Proteins 39. Cystic Fibrosis is an example of a genetic disease caused by the deletion of a nucleotide. What is the term for this type of mutation? frameshift 40. The illustration below shows a strand of mrna and the complementary trna molecules that can pair with the mrna codons. What is the sequence of amino acids? Lys-his-tyr

5 2018 Midterm Exam Answer Section 1. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 2018 Released EOc exam STA: B. 6D 2. ANS: B PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 1 Exam ANS: B PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 3 Exam ANS: D PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 4 Exam ANS: B PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 2 Exam ANS: B PTS: 1 NOT: Unit Exam 7. ANS: D PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 1 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 2016 Released EOC exam STA: B. 6F 9. ANS: B PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 2 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 3 Exam ANS: D PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 4 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 2 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 2018 Released EOC exam STA: B. 6F 14. ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 3 Exam ANS: B PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 4 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Level A REF: act0976aaf18007e102_30 STA: TEKS B.6E TEKS B.6G TOP: Ch 6 Test - A NOT: ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: EOC test bank STA: B. 6F 18. ANS: A PTS: 1 NOT: Unit Exam 19. ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 2 Exam ANS: B PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 1 Exam ANS: A PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 3 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 3 Exam ANS: D PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 3 Exam ANS: D PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 4 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 4 Exam ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Level B REF: act0976aaf18007e107_27 STA: TEKS B.6E TEKS B.6G TOP: Ch 7 - Diagnostic Test NOT: ANS: D PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 1 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 1 Exam ANS: B PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 2 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 3 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 4 Exam ANS: B PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 4 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: act0976aaf18007e10b_89 STA: TEKS B.6F TOP: 7.2 Quiz NOT: ANS: D PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 2 Exam ANS: B PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 4 Exam 2018

6 36. ANS: A PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 3 Exam ANS: A PTS: 1 STA: TEKS B.2G TEKS B.4B TOP: Biology End-of-Course Exam Practice Chapter ANS: A PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 2 Exam ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 2 Exam ANS: D PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 4 Exam ANS: A PTS: 1 NOT: Unit 4 Exam 2018