IB BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 1 st Year

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1 IB BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 1 st Year This summer, we have to immediately start becoming familiar with each of the subjects in this upcoming year. Year 1 so that we will remember them for next year s IB exam. Enclosed are a number of questions. All of these must be completed, TYPED with pages numbered and each Unit labeled, and turned in on the first day we return from summer break! All questions should be answered with at least one long paragraph, but certain questions may require more. Any late assignments will have major points deducted. You are free to use any and all resources, but they MUST be properly cited. Unit 1: Ecology Compare and contrast the manner in which the carrying capacity and environmental resistance regulate population size. Contrast the effects of competition and predation on individuals and community structure. Discuss the way of life of an r-strategist and a K-strategist. Unit 2: Chemistry of Life Give biochemical evidence that all living things are related (minimum of 3). Name five properties of water and relate them to the structure of water, including its polarity and hydrogen bonding between molecules. Name and explain the manner in which at least three factors can influence the speed of an enzymatic reaction. Unit 3: Cells Describe the structure and function of endoplasmic reticula, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, plastids, mitochondria, microfilaments and microtubules, cilia and flagella, and centrioles. Explain the cell theory and give at least two pieces of evidence to support it. Describe how prokaryotic cells are different from eukaryotic cells, and explain why it is thought that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.

2 Unit 4: Cellular Energetics Find evidence to support that Photosystem I evolved before Photosystem II. Explain how photophosphorylation drives the Calvin-Benson cycle. How does the structure of a mitochondrion suit its function? Include a discussion of the chemiosmotic theory. Unit 5: Genetics Describe these chromosome mutations in humans: Down s Syndrome, Turner s Syndrome, super female, Klinefelter s Syndrome, XYY males. Why does knowing the structure of DNA lend support to the conclusion that DNA is the hereditary material? Much of eukaryotic DNA does not code for functional polypeptides. Describe the location and possible function of this DNA. Unit 6: Molecular Genetics Describe the operon hypothesis and discuss how it explains the control of messenger RNA production and the regulation of protein synthesis in bacterial cells. Describe the production and processing of a protein that will be exported from a eukaryotic cell. Begin with the separation of the messenger RNA from the DNA template and end with the release of the protein at the plasma membrane.

3 Define each term- sister chromatids Cytokinesis Centromere Centrioles Centrosomes spindle fibers metaphase plate Chromosome Chromatid membrane nuclear somatic cell germ cell Gamete chromosome homologous karyotype autosome

4 sex chromosome sexual reproduction trait genetics purebred cross law of segregation locus Gene allele homozygous Heterozygous Genome Genotype Phenotype Dominant Recessive Punnett square

5 cross monohybrid testcross dihybrid cross law of independent assortment probability crossing over genetic linkage Monomer Polymer Polymerization Macromolecule Carbohydrate Glycosidic linkage Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide Lipids Triglycerides Fatty acid chains

6 Saturated fat Unsaturated fat Hydrocarbon chain Monounsaturated fat Polyunsaturated fat Phospholipids Waxes Steroids Nucleic acid Nucleotides Pentose sugar Nitrogenous base Purines Pyrimidines Deoxyribonucleic acid Ribonucleic acid Amino acid Dipeptide Peptide bond

7 Polypeptide Protein Denaturation Chemistry Matter Atom Proton Neutron Electron Element Chemical symbol Atomic number Atomic mass Periods Groups/Families Valence electron Compound Chemical formula Chemical bond Ion Ionic bond

8 Covalent bond Molecule Polarity Polar covalent bond Non-polar covalent bond Hydrogen bond Cohesion Adhesion Capillary action Mixture Solution Solvent Solute Suspension Acid Base ph Please keep in mind that you will have a Summative Assessment from all of these Units the first week that you return from Summer break. Make that FIRST grade awesome! You can do it! If you need me contact me via the school s website. Please feel free to connect with your peers for working collaboratively in groups from this class by perhaps meeting at the Germantown Public Library...it s a fantastic place to hang out any time!