Biology I District Mid-Term Examina on. Quiz Instruc ons. Question 1. Question 2. Question 3. 1 pts. 1 pts. 1 pts

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1 Biology I District Mid-Term Examina on This is a preview of the published version of the quiz Started: Jan 8 at 3:51pm Quiz Instruc ons Question 1 Lung cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of normal lung cells. Which of the following processes is NOT appropriately regulated in the cancerous cells? mitosis fertilization meiosis transpiration Question 2 Which statement best describes a scientific theory? It is an explanation that is well supported by many scientific observations. It is a scientific fact that has been proven. It is a collection of data. It is an educated guess. Question 3

2 Albino individuals lack all pigmentation so that their hair and skin are white. The transmission of Albinism is shown on the pedigree below. According to the pedigree, what is the mode of inheritance for this condition? a nonsex-linked recessive genetic trait a nonsex-linked dominant genetic trait a sex-linked trait that requires both parents to be albinos a sex-linked trait carried on the X chromosome Question 4 During meiosis, homologous chromosomes can undergo the process represented in the diagram below.

3 What is this process is known as? crossing-over chromosomal mutation nondisjunction replication Question 5 A couple has two children, one with brown hair and blue eyes and one with brown hair and brown eyes. Which of the following explains the fact that the children can have the same hair color but different eye color? law of independent assortment law of segregation principle of probability. principle of dominance.

4 Question 6 Fruit flies have 3 chromosomes plus sex chromosomes (X and Y). Mutations occurred within four different cells of an individual female fruit fly as shown in the table below. Which of these mutations could be passed on to the offspring of this fruit fly? curly wings yellow body absent eyes leg-shaped antennae Question 7 The diagram below represents a cross between two pea plants.

5 In pea plants, the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant to the allele for oval seeds (r). In a cross between the two plants above, what percentage of the offspring will have round seeds? 75% 100% 50% 25% Question 8 Which statement best describes how enzymes function in the body? Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions Enzymes are converted into products by the reactions they catalyze One enzyme can catalyze many different reactions An enzyme is used once and then destroyed by the cell Question 9 Identify the number of the organelle whose function is to store water and dissolved salts?

6 Organelle 3 Organelle 1 Organelle 2 Organelle 4 Question 10 Which statement best describes an important function of the cell structure shown in the model below?

7 controlling passage of materials packaging cell products for export transferring hereditary material to offspring preventing a cell from bursting due to osmosis Question 11 Which type of plant tissue would be found ONLY in the circled areas of the plant shown below?.

8 meristematic tissue vascular tissue dermal tissue ground tissue Question 12 When water dissolves a substance, weak charges on water molecules attract oppositely charged portions of the substance, pulling them out into solution. Which property of water accounts for this occurrence? polarity ph cohesion

9 surface tension Question 13 Patients with a specific medical condition have been provided with a new device that helps them manage their condition. The patients will be required to participate in a survey regarding the usefulness of the device. How can the manufacturer be certain that no bias enters into the surveys? by having a second, independent party conduct the survey. by paying the patients for their participation. by waiting until the survey is completed to sell the device by providing a toll-free number in case there are questions about the devices Question 14 The fungus Penicillium reproduces asexually and forms genetically identical spores. Which of the following processes does Penicillium use to form its spores? mitosis osmosis fertilization transcription Question 15 Identify the phase of mitosis illustrated below in which the chromosomes become aligned?

10 metaphase prophase anaphase telophase Question 16 Glucose is not able to pass through a semi-permeable cell membrane. If the cells need sugar to make ATP and carry out cellular processes, how does the sugar get into the cell? passive transport by diffusion (facilitated diffusion) phagocytosis passive transport by osmosis active transport using ATP and carrier proteins Question 17 Analyze the following illustration and choose the correct answer to the question.

11 In a student experiment, 4 earthworms were placed at each end of a compartment as shown. After 10 minutes, all of the earthworms were together in the same area. The students concluded that the earthworms had moved as far as they could in that period of time. Which alternative explanation is also supported? The earthworms moved to their preferred temperature range. The earthworms needed to be with other earthworms for warmth. The earthworms preferred to be in protected corners The earthworms moved randomly until they grouped together. Question 18 The diagram below shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids?

12 proteins lipids nucleic acids carbohydrates Question 19 A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event? As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen. The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing. As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells. As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP. Question 20

13 A scientist performs an experiment to see if acids have an effect on the health of a particular type of plant. Three sets of plants were treated with various acidic solutions of known ph, while the control set was treated with a solution of ph 7. Which statement is the best conclusion for this experiment? Low ph is harmful to this type of plant. High ph is harmful to this type of plant. Low ph is helpful to this type of plant. Acid has no effect on the health of this type of plant Question 21 Which of the biotechnology methods below would be the most important to a person who had diabetes and takes insulin every day? using recombinant DNA to produce human hormones from bacteria.

14 developing ways to identify criminals through DNA fingerprinting. testing parents for genetic disorders before they have children. engineering fruits and vegetables that resist insects and other pests. Question 22 Current research indicates that before gene therapy (the replacement of a faulty gene with a normal one) could be implemented, which of the following discoveries had to take place first? The genes on each chromosome had to be mapped and described. The effects of viral DNA had to be studied. New medications had to be developed and tested. The way in which DNA replicates had to be determined. Question 23 The cambium is a section of cells in a plant that can become either part of the xylem or phloem, depending on the growth and needs of the plant. If the cambium of a particular plant were damaged, what would be the most likely effect on the plant? The plant would not be able to transport nutrients and water. The plant would have uncontrolled growth. The plant would not experience any change in function. The plant would lose its ability to carry out photosynthesis. Question 24 What is the advantage of seeds in flowering plants?

15 To protect and distribute the plant embryo To be fertilized by other plants. To entice animals to eat the plant. To store water for the mother plant. Question 25 The diagram below shows a cross section of a plant leaf. How does the structure marked X contribute to the survival of the plant? It allows the intake of gases necessary for photosynthesis. It allows the intake of minerals necessary for plant growth. It allows the intake of sunlight necessary for ATP production. It allows the intake of sugars necessary for plant reproduction Question 26 Which of the following sources would a scientist consider the most reliable to use when developing a hypothesis for an investigation? peer-reviewed journal articles a scientific blog

16 an Internet website class laboratory reports Question 27 While helping to plant a school garden, Olivia and Pedro observed many different types of plants. They drew the following diagram of a green pepper plant growing in the garden. The green pepper plant has proteins that control the process of making glucose. How does the plant obtain these proteins? The plant makes the proteins using the instructions in DNA. The proteins are absorbed from the soil by the roots of the plant. The light energy changes molecules in the plant cell into proteins. The proteins are all present in the seed before germination occurs. Question 28 Which statement correctly compares a function of lipids to a function of proteins in the body? Fats insulate the body, and proteins control contraction

17 Fats cushion the organs, and proteins insulate the body. Fats coordinate body activities, and proteins provide sugars. Fats store energy, and proteins provide the primary fuel for cell respiration. Question 29 In people, the trait for colorblindness (Xb) is a recessive sex linked trait and normal vision (XB) is dominant. If a female who is heterozygous for colorblindness has children with a man who has normal vision, what percent of their male children would be expected to be color-blind? 50% 0% 100% 25% Question 30 The structural formula of a molecule is shown below. What type of molecule is shown in the diagram? a carbohydrate a lipid a protein a nucleic acid

18 Question 31 The diagram below represents a genetic procedure. Which statement best describes the outcome of this procedure? the inserted human DNA may direct the synthesis of human proteins. bacterial cells may form a multicellular embryo. bacterial cells will destroy defective human genetic material. the inserted human DNA will change harmful bacteria to harmless ones. Question 32 Which sequence will complete the mrna strand matched to DNA? GUC

19 CAG TUG GTC Question 33 The two reactions shown below represent processes that occur in living organisms. Which of the following statements is correct about the two reactions? Sugar (C6H12O6) is broken down to release energy during cell respiration. Oxygen (O2) is used to release energy during photosynthesis. Water (H2O) is broken down to release energy during cell respiration. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is used to release energy during photosynthesis. Question 34 The diagram below shows a container divided into two compartments by a membrane permeable to water but not to starch. Two solutions containing different concentrations of dissolved starch were placed on each side of the membranes.

20 Which of the following describes what will happen to the water level during the process of osmosis? The water level on the left side of the membrane will increase. The water level on both sides of the membrane will decrease. The water level on the right side of the membrane will increase. The water level on both sides of the membrane will stay the same. Question 35 Analyze the diagram below and choose the correct sequence of diagrams for the cell cycle, beginning with prophase? 2,3,1,5,4 5,3,1,2,4 2,1,4,5,3 3,1,4,2,5

21 Question 36 The ATP cycle is diagrammed below. What occurs when energy is released from the ATP cycle? phosphate is removed from ATP a sugar is added to ATP a phosphate is added to ADP a sugar is removed from ADP Question 37 Red blood cells are classified as type A or type B, based on their surface antigens. Type O blood does not contain any antigens. The chart below shows the possible phenotypes of each blood type. Which mechanism explains how both A and B antigens produce type AB blood? codominance complete dominance polygenic inheritance

22 incomplete dominance Question 38 The diagram below shows a DNA molecule that contains a mutation after the replication process. In which section of the DNA molecule is the mutation located? Section 3 Section 1 Section 2 Section 4 Question 39 A portion of an mrna molecule is shown below. The diagram represents which process? translation

23 replication transcription fragmentation Question 40 A cell requires energy to move materials from an area of low concentration, across the cell membrane, to an area of high concentration. This process is called active transport osmosis pssive transport facilitated diffusion Question 41 A pesticide manufacturer claims that a new product will decrease the pest population by 25% more than the current pesticide. A population of 75 beetles of the same species is exposed to the new pesticide for a 10-week period. A separate population of the same species of beetle is exposed to the same amount of the current pesticide for a 10-week period. The data collected is sent to an independent research company to verify the results. Which statement BEST explains how an independent research company verifies data to ensure unbiased results? The company performs the same investigation and compares results. The company compares the data given to similar investigations. The company sends out the data to another researcher to investigate. The company tests many types of pesticides and draws its own conclusion.

24 Question 42 How does the reduction in activation energy by an enzyme affect a chemical reaction? The reaction proceeds at a faster rate. The products are not stable. Less energy is gained from the reaction. The reaction is less efficient when the enzyme is present. Question 43 A research company wants to design a new type of artificial heart valve that will be less likely to be rejected by a person's immune system. Which step in the design process should the company perform before building a prototype of the heart valve? Conduct research on existing artificial heart valves. Find test subjects for the new heart valve. Determine how to manufacture the new heart valve. Evaluate the performance of the artificial heart valve. Question 44 The following cell structures are located within cells that make proteins. Which description best explains the relationship among these cell structures in making a protein? nucleus ribosome endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

25 DNA in nucleus codes for protein protein assembled in ribosomes and moves to ER protein folds into its active shape nucleus makes protein protein winds through the ER protein folds into its active shape nucleus directs ER to assemble the protein ribosomes surround protein protein folds into its active shape ER creates protein DNA in the nucleus codes for ribosomes to surround protein protein folds into its active shape Question 45 Which device would be used to obtain a three-dimensional image of a bacterium? scanning electron microscope light microscope X-ray microscope transmission electron microscope Question 46 Identify the organelle responsible for processing, modifying, and transporting lipids and proteins. Structure G

26 Structure A Structure F Structure D Question 47 A researcher is investigating how the amount of carbon dioxide in the air influences the rate of photosynthesis in a certain type of plant. The researcher uses ten identical plants and places them in ten closed environments that are identical except for the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. The researcher measures the amount of oxygen each plant produces to determine their photosynthetic activity. Which would be the BEST data to display for comparing the photosynthetic activity of the plants. bar graph line graph circle graph histogram Question 48 What process of DNA is represented in the diagram below?

27 replication mutation translation transcription Question 49 A student in a science laboratory made the chart below documenting the structures seen in three different cell samples. The student hypothesizes that Sample 3 is a plant cell.

28 What structure in Sample 3 supports this hypothesis? cell wall vacuole nucleus mitochondria Question 50 Which process do cells use to release energy without using oxygen? anaerobic respiration aerobic respiration mitosis photosynthesis

29 Question 51 Purebred sweet peas with red flowers are crossed with purebred sweet peas with white flowers; all of the offspring have pink flowers. Predict the phenotypic ratio of the offspring if two sweet peas with pink flowers are crossed. 1:2:1 1:1 3:1 1:1:1 Question 52 What is the primary function of DNA in organisms? stores genetic information binds to specific active sites. transports amino acids to the ribosomes. produces chromosomes for sexual reproduction. Question 53 Students in a biology class are studying the effects of temperature on the aquatic plant Elodea. They count the number of oxygen bubbles released by an Elodea plant in a beaker of water heated to different temperatures.

30 Which statement best explains the results of the study? The rate of photosynthesis increases with temperature up to 30 C and then decreases. As temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis constantly increases. As temperature increases, the rate of cellular respiration constantly increases. The rate of cellular respiration increases with temperature up to 30 C and then decreases. Question 54 Which of the following statements is a principle of the cell theory that supports the idea that new cells will replace damaged cells in a scraped knee? All cells arise from previously existing cells. All living things are composed of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. Most cells are too small to be reviewed with the unaided eye. Question 55

31 Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that affects the respiratory and digestive systems. Cystic fibrosis occurs when two recessive genes (cc) are present. A person with one allele for cystic fibrosis is called a carrier (Cc) of the disease. If the mother is a carrier of the disease and the father is homozygous dominant, what are the chances that their first child will be a carrier of cystic fibrosis? 50% 0% 25% 100% Question 56 A cross between a red rose and a white rose produced plants with only pink flowers. What is this pattern of inheritance? incomplete dominance polygenic sex-linked dominance Question 57 The Punnett square below shows a cross between two pea plants. Both are heterozygous for seed texture and seed color.

32 What is the probability an offspring will have green seed color and rough seed texture? 3/16 4/16 9/16 12/16 Question 58 What are the two main processes by which cells absorb, release, and use energy? photosynthesis and cell respiration fermentation and cell respiration digestion and photosynthesis aerobic and anaerobic respiration Question 59 An animal cell placed in a sugar solution is shown in the diagram below.

33 Which statement best describes how osmosis will affect this animal cell? Water will move out of the cell and the cell will shrink. Sugar will move into the cell and the cell will expand. Water will move into the cell and the cell will expand. Sugar will move out of the cell and the cell will expand. Question 60 A woman with attached earlobes has a child with a man who has unattached earlobes. This couple has three children, and all of them have unattached earlobes. Which of the traits below is most likely for attached earlobes? recessive dominant codominant incomplete dominance Question 61

34 Which tool would be BEST to accurately observe the details of organelles in a cell? electron microscope magnifying glass dissecting microscope compound light microscope Question 62 Use the following illustration to answer questions. The illustration shows four processes involving DNA and RNA. Which figure shows the process of transcription? Figure 2

35 Figure 1 Figure 3 Figure 4 Question 63 Use the following illustration to answer question. The illustration shows four processes involving DNA and RNA. Which figure shows a process in which a mutation has occurred? Figure 4 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

36 Question 64 In living cells, enzymes act as catalysts. In the graphs below, pathway x is a solid line representing the uncatalyzed reaction. The dotted line shows the catalyzed reaction. Which graph best illustrates the reaction with a catalyst? Graph D Graph A Graph B Graph C Question 65 Which of following would decrease the rate of photosynthesis in a plant?

37 a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide in the air a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the air an increase in the amount of oxygen in the air an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the air Question 66 Which cell type would contain the greatest number of mitochondria? A muscle cell in the leg muscle of a runner. A red blood cell that transports oxygen. A nerve cell that transmit signals to the brain stem. A cell of the stomach lining that manufactures digestive enzymes. Question 67 The chart below decodes messenger RNA codons to amino acids they code for. A DNA strand has the codon TCA. According to the chart, which amino acid does this code for? serine leucine glycine

38 alanine Question 68 Which of the following is the most significant difference between asexual and sexual reproduction? genetic variation is a result of sexual reproduction chromosome number is reduced during sexual reproduction chromosome number is reduced during asexual reproduction the appearance of the organism is changed as a result of asexual reproduction Question 69 Which statement best describes how cell theory relates to a stem cell s ability to change into specialized cell types? All cells in an organism have the same hereditary material. Metabolism occurs in cells. Some organisms are unicellular Stem cells result from viral infections of healthy cells. Question 70 A researcher in Broward County, Florida designed an investigation to test what effect eating different types of food would have on blood insulin levels. She selected 10 male subjects who were all 25 years of age and in good health. The experiment took place over 3 days. At 8:00 a.m. on each day, the subjects ate a meal consisting of only 1 type of food. They had their blood

39 insulin levels measured after consuming the meal. On Day 1 they ate a high fat diet, on Day 2 they ate a high protein diet, and on Day 3 they ate a high sugar diet. What is the independent variable in this experiment? the type of food consumed the blood insulin level the age of the subjects the time of day the meal was consumed Question 71 The distribution of chromosomes in one type of cell division is shown in the diagram below. Which process and type of resulting cells are represented in the diagram? meiosis, which produces gametes mitosis, which produces gametes mitosis, which produces body cells meiosis, which produces body cells

40 Question 72 An entomologist collected 5 samples of insects from a large puddle. The table below shows the collected data. Graph D Graph C Graph B Graph A Question 73

41 Which of the following letter choices shows the structure with the developing embryo? C. A. B. D. Question 74 Which of the following letter choices shows the structure producing pollen? D. A. B. C. Question 75 Which of the following letter choices shows the structure on which the pollen lands?

42 A. B. C. D. Question 76 Which of the following letter choices shows the structure that develops into a fruit? B. A. C. D. Question 77 The following section focuses on Sickle-Cell Anemia. Read the information below and use it to the answer question Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects thousands of people in Florida, the United States and millions worldwide. Sickle cell anemia commonly occurs in groups whose ancestors came from Africa, as well as South America, Cuba, Central America, Saudi Arabia, India, and the Mediterranean. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the hemoglobin protein in red blood cells. Sickle cell anemia results in paleness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and increased heart rate due to a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying component of the blood. When oxygen levels are low in an affected individual, the red blood cells become deformed into a curved, sickle shape. People with sickle cell anemia can experience swelling, pain, infection, and organ damage. All individuals have two alleles for the gene that codes for the hemoglobin protein (Hb). Individuals with two Hb A alleles have normal, round red blood cells. Heterozygous individuals, with one Hb

43 A allele and one Hb S allele, do not experience symptoms of the disease, but they may produce some sickle-shaped red blood cells. Individuals with two Hb S alleles have sickle cell anemia. The diagrams to the right represent some of the steps in the formation of hemoglobin in two individuals, Y and Z. In these diagrams, only a small part of the hemoglobin gene sequence is represented. Individual Y has two Hb A alleles and therefore produces normal red blood cells. Individual Z has two Hb S alleles and therefore produces sickle-shaped red blood cells. Which of the following statements best describes why the change in only one DNA base of the hemoglobin gene results in a different protein product of the gene? The change alters the amino acid sequence of the protein. The change prevents mrna from being made. The change causes the blood cells to divide in an uncontrolled way. The change creates a second strand of mrna for each RNA molecule. Question 78 The following section focuses on Sickle-Cell Anemia. Read the information below and use it to the answer question

44 Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects thousands of people in Florida, the United States and millions worldwide. Sickle cell anemia commonly occurs in groups whose ancestors came from Africa, as well as South America, Cuba, Central America, Saudi Arabia, India, and the Mediterranean. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the hemoglobin protein in red blood cells. Sickle cell anemia results in paleness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and increased heart rate due to a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying component of the blood. When oxygen levels are low in an affected individual, the red blood cells become deformed into a curved, sickle shape. People with sickle cell anemia can experience swelling, pain, infection, and organ damage. All individuals have two alleles for the gene that codes for the hemoglobin protein (Hb). Individuals with two Hb A alleles have normal, round red blood cells. Heterozygous individuals, with one Hb A allele and one Hb S allele, do not experience symptoms of the disease, but they may produce some sickle-shaped red blood cells. Individuals with two Hb S alleles have sickle cell anemia. The diagrams to the right represent some of the steps in the formation of hemoglobin in two individuals, Y and Z. In these diagrams, only a small part of the hemoglobin gene sequence is represented. Individual Y has two Hb A alleles and therefore produces normal red blood cells. Individual Z has two Hb S alleles and therefore produces sickle-shaped red blood cells. Which of the following cell structures carries out the process represented by the arrows labeled 2 in the diagrams?

45 Ribosome Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Cell membrane Question 79 The following section focuses on Sickle-Cell Anemia. Read the information below and use it to the answer question Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects thousands of people in Florida, the United States and millions worldwide. Sickle cell anemia commonly occurs in groups whose ancestors came from Africa, as well as South America, Cuba, Central America, Saudi Arabia, India, and the Mediterranean. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the hemoglobin protein in red blood cells. Sickle cell anemia results in paleness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and increased heart rate due to a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying component of the blood. When oxygen levels are low in an affected individual, the red blood cells become deformed into a curved, sickle shape. People with sickle cell anemia can experience swelling, pain, infection, and organ damage. All individuals have two alleles for the gene that codes for the hemoglobin protein (Hb). Individuals with two Hb A alleles have normal, round red blood cells. Heterozygous individuals, with one Hb A allele and one Hb S allele, do not experience symptoms of the disease, but they may produce some sickle-shaped red blood cells. Individuals with two Hb S alleles have sickle cell anemia. The diagrams to the right represent some of the steps in the formation of hemoglobin in two individuals, Y and Z. In these diagrams, only a small part of the hemoglobin gene sequence is represented. Individual Y has two Hb A alleles and therefore produces normal red blood cells. Individual Z has two Hb S alleles and therefore produces sickle-shaped red blood cells.

46 Which of the following statements best compares individual Y and individual Z in terms of genotype and phenotype? The individuals have different genotypes and different phenotypes. The individuals have the same genotype and the same phenotype. The individuals have the same genotype but different phenotypes. The individuals have different genotypes but the same phenotype. Quiz saved at 3:52pm Submit Quiz