Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Thirteenth Volume

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2 STP 1096 Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Thirteenth Volume IV. G. Landis and W. H. van der Schalie, editors 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103

3 ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN): ISBN: ISSN: X Copyright 9 by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1990 NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. Peer Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by three peer reviewers. The authors addressed all of the reviewers' comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s) and the ASTM Committee on Publications. The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s), but also the work of these peer reviewers. The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM. Printed in Baltimore, Md. October 1990

4 Foreword The 13th Symposium on Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment was held in Atlanta, Georgia, on April The event was sponsored by ASTM Committee E-47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate and its Subcommittee E47.01 on Aquatic Toxicology. The symposium chairmen were W. G. Landis, U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center, and W. H. van der Schalie, U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory, who have also edited this volume.

5 Contents Overview RISK ASSESSMENT AND AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY Environmental Risk Assessment/Environmental Hazard Assessment: Similarities and Differences---G. w. SUTER H Aquatic Community Response to Stress: Prediction and Detection of Adverse Effects--J. R. PRATT 16 B1ODEGRADAT1ON AND ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF XENOBIOTICS Aquatic Test Systems for Studying the Fate of Xenobiotic Compounds-- c. R. CRIPE AND R. H. PRITCHARD Use of Microcosms versus Conventional Biodegradation Testing for Estimating Chemical Persistence--D. B. CARSON, V. W. SAEGER, AND W. E. GLEDHII,L Biodegradation and Reduction in Aquatic Toxicity of the Persistent Riot Control Material 1,4-Dibenz-Oxazepine---M. v. HALEY, E. L. VICKERS, T.<. CHENG, J. DEFRANK, T. A. JUSTUS, AND W. G. LANDIS Review of Chemical Fate Testing Conducted under Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act: Chemicals, Tests, and Methods--J. D. WALKER SEDIMENT TOXICITY AND BIOAVAILABILITV Testing Sediment Toxicity with Hyalella azteca (Amphipoda) and Chironomus riparius (Diptera)---c. G. INGERSOLL AND M. K. NELSON The Use of Sediment Heavy Metal Bioavailability as a Method of Environmental Hazard Assessment--J. M. MARCUS AND G. I. SCO27" Comparative Sensitivity of Sediment Toxicity Bioassays at Three Superfund Sites in Puget Sound--R. A. PASTOROK AND D. S. BECKER Effects of Sediment and the Route of Exposure on the Toxicity and Accumulation of Neutral Lipophilic and Moderately Water-Soluble Metabolizable Compounds in the Midge, Chironomus riparius--m, j. LYDY, K. A. BRUNER, D. M. FRY, AND S. W. FISHER

6 AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY Use of the Blue Mussel, Mytilus edulls, in Water Quality Toxicity Testing and In Situ Marine Biological Mouitoring--w. G. NELSON The Aquatic Toxicity of the Sensory Irritant and Riot Control Agent Dibenz(b,f)- 1,4-Oxazepine (CR)--D. w. JOHNSON, M. V. HALEY, AND W. G. LANDIS Short-Term Amphibian Toxicity Tests and Paraquat Toxicity Assessment-- G. LINDER, J. BARBITTA, AND T. KWAISER Toxicity of Nitrogen-Containing Aromatic Compounds (NCACs): Quinoline and 4-Azafluoreue Behavior in an Escherichia coli Test System--Evidence of Membrane Effects--w. J. CATALLO Ill, D. R. CLELAND, AND M. E. BENDER Reducible Dye 2-(p-Iodopheuyl)-3-(p-Nitrophenyi)-5-(Phenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium Chloride (INT) for Use in Aquatic Toxicology: Notes on Chemical Structure, Electrochemistry, and Toxicity--w. J. CATALLO Ill, R. J. GALE, R. L. WONG, AND M. E. BENDER Flow Cytometric Techniques to Assess Toxicity to Algae--w. R. GALA AND J. P. GIESY Use of Hazard Models in Evaluating the Effect of Exposure Duration on the Acute Toxicity of Three Pesticides--D. w. MOORE, M. D. SCHLUCHTER, AND G. I. SCOTT COMPARATIVE AQUATIC TOXICITY AND MECHANISMS Comparative Developmental Toxicity of Acetylenic Alcohols on Embryos and Larvae of Xenopus laevis--d. A. DAWSON, T. W. SCHULTZ, L. L. BAKER, AND T. S. WILKE Toxicity and Toxicokinetics of Pentachlorophenol and Carbaryl to Pontoporeia hoyi and Mysis relicta--p. F. LANDRUM AND W. S. DUPUIS The Response of Diploid and Polyploid Rainbow Trout Cells Following Exposure to Genotoxic Compounds--D. n. eowell AND R. M. I<OCAN Peroxisome Proliferation as an Epigenetic Mechanism of Carcinogenesis: Relevance to Aquatic Toxicology--J.-H. YANG, P. T. KOSTECKI, AND E. J. CALABRESE SUBLETHAL INDICATORS OF TOXIC STRESS Reduction in the Numbers of Antibody-Producing Cells in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Exposed to Sublethal Doses of Phenol Before Bath Immunization--D. e. ANDERSON, O. W. DIXON, AND W. B. VAN MUISWINKEL 331

7 Stress Proteins: Their Detection and Uses in Biomonitoring--B. P. BRADLEY DNA Damage as an Indicator of Pollutant-Induced Genotoxicity--L. R. SFIUGART Coastal Oil Drilling Produced Waters: Chemical Characterization and Assessment of Genotoxicity Using Chromosomal Aberrations in Cyprinodon variegatus--c. B. DANIELS, C. B. HENRY, AND J. C. MEANS Author Index Subject Index

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