applications Microfluidic devices for biomedical Xiujun (James) Li Edited by and Yu Zhou Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials: Number 61

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1 Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials: Number 61 Microfluidic devices for biomedical applications Edited by Xiujun (James) Li and Yu Zhou WP WOODHEAD PUBLISHING Oxford Cambridge Philadelphia New Delhi

2 Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing About the editors Preface Series in Biomaterials xvi xii xx xxi Part I Fundamentals of microfluidic technologies for biomedical applications 1 1 Materials and methods for the microfabrication of microfluidic biomedical devices 3 W. I. Wu, P. Rezai, H. H. Hsu and P. R. Selvaganapathy, McMaster University, Canada 1.1 Introduction Microfabrication methods Materials for biomedical devices Polymers Conclusion and future trends References Appendix: acronyms 62 2 Surface coatings for microfluidic-based biomedical devices 63 B. G. Abdallah and A. Ros, Arizona State University, USA 2.1 Introduction Covalent immobilization strategies: polymer devices Covalent immobilization strategies: glass devices Adsorption strategies Other strategies utilizing surface treatments Examples of applications 84 v

3 vi 2.7 Conclusion and future trends Sources of further information and advice References 92 3 Actuation mechanisms for microfluidic biomedical devices 100 A. Rezk, J. Friend and L. Yeo, RMIT University, Australia 3.1 Introduction Electrokinetics Acoustics Limitations and future trends References Digital microfluidics technologies for biomedical devices 139 C. M. Collier, J. Nichols and J. F. HoLZMAN,The University of British Columbia, Canada 4.1 Introduction On-chip microdrop motion techniques Sensing techniques Future trends Conclusion References 162 Part II Applications of microfluidic devices for drug delivery and discovery Controlled drug delivery using microfluidic devices 167 N. Gao, Harvard University, USA and X.J. Li, University of Texas at El Paso, USA 5.1 Introduction Microreservoir-based drug delivery systems Micro/nanofluidics-based drug delivery systems Conclusion Future trends References 182 Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013

4 vii 6 Microneedles for drug delivery and monitoring 185 T. R. R. Singh, H. McMillan, K. Mooney, A. Z. Alkilani, and R. F. Donnelly, Queens University Belfast, UK 6.1 Introduction Fabrication of microneedles (MNs) MN design parameters and structure Strategies for MN-based drug delivery MN-mediated monitoring using skin interstitial fluid (ISF) and blood samples Future trends Conclusion References Microfluidic devices for drug discovery and analysis 231 J. S. Kochhar, S. Y. Chan and R S. Ong, National University of Singapore, Singapore, W. G. Lee, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea and L. Kang, National University of Singapore, Singapore 7.1 Introduction Microfluidics for drug discovery Microfluidics for drug analysis and diagnostic applications Conclusion and future trends Sources of further information and advice References 269 Part III Applications of microfluidic devices for cellular analysis and tissue engineering Microfluidic devices for cell manipulation 283 H. O. Fatoyinbo, University of Surrey, UK 8.1 Introduction Microenvironment on cell integrity Microscale fluid dynamics Manipulation technologies Manipulation of cancer cells in microfluidic systems Conclusion and future trends Sources of further information and advice References 335

5 mimicking viii 9 Microfluidic devices for single-cell trapping and automated micro-robotic injection 351 X. Y. Liu, McGill University, Canada and Y. Sun, University of Toronto, Canada 9.1 Introduction Device design and microfabrication Experimental results and discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References Microfluidic devices for developing tissue scaffolds 363 L. T. Chau, J. E. Frith, R. J. Mills, D. J. Menzies, D. M.Titmarsh and J.J. Cooper-White, The University of Queensland, Australia 10.1 Introduction Key issues and technical challenges for successful tissue engineering Microfluidic device platforms Conclusion and future trends References Microfluidic devices for stem cell analysis 388 D.-K. Kang, J. Lu, W. Zhang, E. Chang, M. A. Eckert, M. M. Ali and W. Zhao, University of California, Irvine, USA 11.1 Introduction Technologies used in stem cell analysis Examples of microfluidic platform for stem cell analysis: stem cell culture platform - in vivo culture conditions in vitro Examples of microfluidic platform for stem cell analysis: single stem cell analysis Microdevices for label-free and non-invasive monitoring of stem cell differentiation Microfluidics stem cell separation technology Conclusion and future trends Sources of further information and advice References 431

6 ix Part IV Applications of microfluidic devices in diagnostic sensing Development of immunoassays for protein analysis on nanobioarray chips 445 J. Lee and P. C. H. Li, Simon Fraser University, Canada 12.1 Introduction Technologies Immobilization chemistry Detection methods Applications Conclusion and future trends References Integrated microfluidic systems for genetic analysis 465 B. Zhuang,W. Gan and P. Liu.Tsinghua University, China 13.1 Introduction Integrated microfluidic systems Development of integrated microdevices Applications of fully integrated systems in genetic analysis Conclusion and future trends References Low-cost assays in paper-based microfluidic biomedical devices 492 M. Benhabib, San Francisco, USA and X.J. Li, University of Texas at El Paso, USA 14.1 Introduction Fabrication techniques for paper-based microfluidic devices Detection and read-out technologies Application of paper-based microfluidic devices Conclusion and future trends References 522

7 x 15 Microfluidic devices for viral detection 527 J. Sun and X. Jiang, National Center for Nanoscience Technology, China 15.1 Introduction Microfluidic technologies used for viral detection Examples of applications Conclusion and future trends Acknowledgements References Microfluidics for monitoring and imaging pancreatic islet and /3-cells for human transplant 557 Y. Wang and J. E. Mendoza-Elias, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA and J. F. Lo, University of Michigan at Dearborn, USA and T. A. Harvat, F. Feng, Z. Li, Q. Wang, M. NOURMOHAMMADZADEH, D. GUTIERREZ, M. Ql, D.T. EDDINGTON and J. Oberholzer, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA 16.1 Introduction Insulin secretory pathway: how glucose sensing and metabolic coupling translates to insulin kinetics Technologies: the emergence of microfluidics applied to islet and P-cell study Design and fabrication of the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) microfluidic device Protocol: materials Protocol: procedures Anticipated results Acknowledgements References Microfluidic devices for radio chemical synthesis 594 A. Y. Lebedev, University of California, Los Angeles, USA 17.1 Introduction Medical applications of microfluidic radiochemistry: positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon computed tomography (SPECT) Advantages and disadvantages of microfluidic devices Realization of promises: the superiority of microfluidic systems 601

8 xi 17.5 Current problems for microfluidic technology Recent developments with potential impact Conclusion References 629 Index 634