Mutations and Chromosome Variation Page 1

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1 Mutations and hromosome Variation Page 1 1 What type of chromosome is? sub 2 What type of chromosome is? sub 3 What type of chromosome is? sub

2 Mutations and hromosome Variation Page 2 4 What type of chromosome is? sub 5 is a type of mutation where there is a change in single N base. eletion Insertion Point 6 is a mutation that adds genetic material. Insertion 7 is not a coding gene but resembles a coding gene Transposons Expanding Repeats Pseudogenes uplication 8 Missing a single chromosome or having an extra is called. Polyploidy neuploidy Euploid isomy 9 neuploidy is caused by, which is when one pair fails to separate at anaphase 1 or 2 nondisjunction deletion translocation desegregation

3 Mutations and hromosome Variation Page 3 10 is an area before the protein encoding portions of the chromosome that is between the telomeres and the centromere. Subtelomere Kinetochore 11 re called "jumping genes". Expanding repeats Mismatch Excision Transposons 12 are the dark areas with repetitive base sequences. Telomeres Kinetochore 13 hromosome tips that shrink with each mitotic division. Kinetochores entromeres Telomeres lpha Satellites 14 The part of the centromere that actually hooks to the spindle fibers. lpha satellite Kinetochore 15 The lighter area of the chromosome that carries protein-encoding genes lpha satellite Hot Spot 16 The largest constriction of the chromosome Subtelomere entromere

4 Mutations and hromosome Variation Page 4 17 one or more extra sets of chromosomes Polyploidy neuploidy Trisomy Monosomy 18 is having an extra chromosome. Trisomy Monosomy Nondisjunction Euploid 19 is having a normal set of chromosomes. Trisomy Monosomy Nondisjunction Euploid 20 is when a gene grows with each generation leading to a worsened condition at a younger age. Transposons Expanding Repeats Excision tandem duplication 21 is the transfer of material between nonhomologous chromosomes. nondisjunction translocation repair missense 22 Mismatch and excision repair are 2 types of N repair mechanisms. 23 is any change in the nucleotide sequence that composes a gene. euploid mutation n aneuploidy polyploidy

5 Mutations and hromosome Variation Page 5 24 The wild type is the most unusual allele in the population. 25 The mutant is only the most unusual allele in the population that leads to the most unusual allele. 26 reas that are more susceptible to mutations are called induced. 27 chemical that causes a mutation is called a mutagen. (radiation) 28 Site directed mutagenesis alters the synthesis of proteins one amino acid at a time. 29 mutations change the amino acid that is coded for. eletion 30 mutations add or delete a number of bases that is not a multiple of 3. eletion 31 mutations removes genetic material. eletion

6 Mutations and hromosome Variation Page 6 32 mutations change the amino acid in a stop codon. eletion 33 Spontaneous mutations usually originate as an error in N replication. 34 Germline and Somatic mutations are both mutations that will affect future offspring. 35 The fact that bacteria can reproduce about every 1/2 hour makes spontaneous mutation important to us.

7 Mutations and hromosome Variation Page 7 nswer Key : Mutations and hromosome Variation Question: nswer