TOPIC BIOTECHNOLOGY

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "TOPIC BIOTECHNOLOGY"

Transcription

1 TOPIC BIOTECHNOLOGY

2 3.5 A Techniques & Profiling

3 IB BIO Understandings U1: Gel electrophoresis is used to separate proteins or fragments of DNA according to size. Gel electrophoresis is a technique that can be used to study the contents of DNA or protein samples. It separates molecules according to size by passing them through a porous gel. Gel Electrophoresis Smaller particles are able to pass through faster and so move to the bottom of the gel. Larger molecules pass through more slowly and so remain higher up.

4 IB BIO Understandings U1: Gel electrophoresis is used to separate proteins or fragments of DNA according to size. The phosphate groups in DNA s backbone cause it to be negatively charged overall. When an electric field is applied, the molecules are attracted to the positive end. This pulls them through the gel. Gel Electrophoresis

5 IB BIO 3.5 Gel Electrophoresis Results 5 Understandings U1: Gel electrophoresis is used to separate proteins or fragments of DNA according to size. Gel Electrophoresis After running DNA samples, distinct bands can be seen in the gel. Each represents a different size of DNA fragment. A marker sample is included when using this technique. It contains DNA fragments of known size. Bands from DNA samples can be compared to the marker bands to determine their size.

6 IB BIO Understandings U2: PCR can be used to amplify small amounts of DNA. In order to use electrophoresis, large amounts of DNA are required. PCR is a technique that is able to amplify small amounts of DNA in a short period of time. See Topic 2.7 for details of the PCR process. PCR

7 IB BIO Understandings U3: DNA profiling involves comparison of DNA. DNA profiling (aka fingerprinting) compares DNA from multiple sources. It involves using both PCR and gel electrophoresis. DNA Profiling In profiling, samples are collected, amplified with PCR and then run on a gel to determine the types of DNA fragments present.

8 IB BIO Applications A1: Use of DNA profiling in paternity and forensic investigations. Paternity Testing Profiling can be used to determine paternity. Since children inherit 50% of their genes from their father, half of their bands will match. In the profile shown here, half of the child s bands match the mother Paternity Testing The other bands match the father s, which means the paternity test in positive.

9 IB BIO Skills S2: Analysis of examples of DNA profiles. Paternity Testing Use the DNA profiles below to determine which children are the offspring of the Mom and Dad. Paternity Testing

10 IB BIO Applications A1: Use of DNA profiling in paternity and forensic investigations. Forensic Investigation Profiling can also be used in forensic investigations to test whether samples from a crime scene match any samples from suspects. Forensic Investigations

11 IB BIO Forensic Investigation Applications A1: Use of DNA profiling in paternity and forensic investigations. In the sample shown below, DNA from a semen sample matches the profile obtained from the accused individual. Forensic Investigations

12 IB BIO Forensic Investigation Skills S2: Analysis of examples of DNA profiles. Use the DNA profiles below to determine which suspect matches the sample obtained from the crime scene (CS) Forensic Investigations

13 VIDEOS IB BIO BioRad: Gel Electrophoresis Oxford Education: How is DNA Fingerprinting Used? NYT: How DNA Changed the World of Forensics Smithsonian: This Was the Birth of DNA Profiling

14 REVIEW IB BIO Outline the use of gel electrophoresis in studying 14 DNA samples. 2. Describe the purpose of PCR. 3. Define DNA profiling. 4. Outline the application of DNA profiling in: - Paternity Testing - Forensic Investigations

15 3.5 B Genetic Modifications

16 IB BIO Understandings U4: Genetic modification is carried out by gene transfer between species. Genetic modification is the process of modifying an organism s genome by transferring genes from another species. Genetic Modification Transferring genes can be used to introduce new characteristics to an organism. For example, goats have been modified to produce milk containing spider silk, a strong fiber.

17 IB BIO 3.5 Plant species can also be modified. For example, golden rice is a 17 Understandings U4: Genetic modification is carried out by gene transfer between species. type of rice modified with genes from daffodils & bacteria. This allows the rice to synthesize large amounts of vitamin A. Genetic Modification

18 IB BIO Applications A2: Gene transfer to bacteria using plasmids makes use of restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase. Humans have been able to genetically modify bacterial plasmids to produce human proteins. Examples include: Insulin for diabetics Clotting factors Growth factors Restriction Endonucleases DNA Ligase Transferring genes into the plasmids involves two enzymes: Restriction endonucleases DNA ligase

19 IB BIO Applications A2: Gene transfer to bacteria using plasmids makes use of restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cut DNA strands at specific sequences. They are used to cut open bacterial plasmids so that genes can be inserted. Restriction Endonucleases DNA Ligase

20 IB BIO Applications A2: Gene transfer to bacteria using plasmids makes use of restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase. After a gene has been exposed to the a plasmid that has been cut, DNA ligase is used to join them into a single DNA strand. Restriction Endonucleases DNA Ligase This new strand can then be inserted into a bacteria cell, which can produce the protein encoded by the the new gene.

21 IB BIO Applications A2: Gene transfer to bacteria using plasmids makes use of restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase. Together, endonucleases and ligase can be used to insert a wide variety of eukaryotic genes into prokaryotic cells. Restriction Endonucleases DNA Ligase

22 IB BIO Applications A3: Assessment of the potential risks and benefits associated with genetic modification of crops. In recent years, many crops grown for human consumption have been genetically modified. They have many potential benefits and risks associated with them.

23 IB BIO Environmental Issues Applications A3: Assessment of the potential risks and benefits associated with genetic modification of crops. Benefits: Crops can be modified to be pest-resistant. This means less pesticide will be sprayed. Shelf-life of food is improved, reducing waste. This decreases the overall area used for growing. Use of GM crop varieties decreases use of farm machinery.

24 IB BIO Environmental Issues Applications A3: Assessment of the potential risks and benefits associated with genetic modification of crops. Risks: Non-target organisms can be affected by the toxins produced by GM crops. Genes for herbicideresistance can spread to wild plants, creating superweeds. Biodiversity could be reduced in areas where GM crops are grown.

25 IB BIO Health Issues Applications A3: Assessment of the potential risks and benefits associated with genetic modification of crops. Benefits: Nutritional value of crops can be improved. Natural toxins can be removed from crops. GM crops can be engineerd to produce edible vaccines. This makes them more accessible in less-developed areas.

26 IB BIO Health Issues Applications A3: Assessment of the potential risks and benefits associated with genetic modification of crops. Risks: Proteins produced by GM plants could cause allergic reactions. Antiobiotic genes could be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. Transferred genes could mutate and cause unexpected health problems.

27 IB BIO Agricultural Issues Applications A3: Assessment of the potential risks and benefits associated with genetic modification of crops. Benefits: Crops can be made resistant to drought, cold and high salinity levels. Resistance to herbicides can be transferred into crops, requiring less overall use. Crops can be produced that are resistant to diseases caused by viruses.

28 IB BIO Agricultural Issues Applications A3: Assessment of the potential risks and benefits associated with genetic modification of crops. Risks: Seeds can be spilt and germinate in unwanted areas. GM crops containing a toxin can result in pests evolving resistance. Farmers cannot re-sow GM seeds, so strains cannot be adapted to local conditions.

29 IB BIO Skills S3: Analysis of data on risks to monarch butterflies of Bt crops. Bt corn is a GM plant that contains the Bt toxin gene from B. thuringiensis. The toxin is a protein that kills many orders of insects including butterflies, moths, flies, beetles, bees and ants. Bt Corn

30 IB BIO Genetically modified corn plants produce Bt in all of their tissues. Skills S3: Analysis of data on risks to monarch butterflies of Bt crops. So, pests that feed on any part of it are affected and killed. Bt Corn

31 IB BIO Skills S3: Analysis of data on risks to monarch butterflies of Bt crops. The toxin in Bt corn can affect non-target species. The toxin can travel through the spores and land on surrounding plants. The insects that feed on these plants are then affected. Bt Corn

32 IB BIO Skills S3: Analysis of data on risks to monarch butterflies of Bt crops. Monarch butterflies are a non-target species of concern. The larva feed on milkweed leaves that grow near the corn. So, there is a risk that they will be poisoned. This has been investigated experimentally and data is available for analysis. Bt Corn

33 IB BIO Skills S3: Analysis of data on risks to monarch butterflies of Bt crops. The graph to the left shows the percent survival rate of monarch larvae in two different locations. (a) Iowa (b) New York According to the data trends, what conclusions can you make about the risk of Bt corn? Bt Corn

34 VIDEOS asdf IB BIO AFP News: Genetic Modification Scientific American: What is a Geneticall Modified Food? SciShow Why are GMO s Bad?

35 REVIEW IB BIO Outline the role of the following enzymes in 35 genetically modifying bacteria: - Restriction endonuclease - DNA Ligase 2. Discuss benefits and risks associated with genetically modifying crops. 3. Describe the risk of Bt corn to monarch larvae populations.

36 3.5 C Cloning Organisms

37 IB BIO 3.5 Clones are groups of organisms that are genetically identically to 37 Understandings U5: Clones are groups of genetically identical organisms, derived from a single original parent cell. each other. They are derived from a single parent cell/organism. Clones

38 IB BIO 3.5 Many species have natural methods of cloning themselves to 38 Understandings U6: Many plant species and some animal species have natural methods of cloning. produce identical offspring. For example, Hydra are able to form clones through a process called budding.

39 IB BIO 3.5 When garlic bulbs are planted, 39 Understandings U6: Many plant species and some animal species have natural methods of cloning. they grow leaves which develop into new identical bulbs. Strawberry plants grow long stems with plantlets at the end. These plantlets grow into the soil and then develop into identical strawberry plants.

40 IB BIO 3.5 In a lab, animals can be cloned by breaking up early embryos into 40 Understandings U7: Animals can be cloned at the embryo stage by breaking up the embryo into more than one group of cells. multiple groups of cells. At this stage, the cells are still pluripotent and so can develop into all the tissues in an adult animal. Embryo Splitting

41 IB BIO 3.5 Once animals are adults, it is more difficult to clone them because 41 Understandings U8: Methods have been developed for cloning adult animals using differentiated cells. their cells are differentiated. However, a method was developed by John Gurdon who worked with frog nuclei and eggs.

42 IB BIO 3.5 The method Gurdon developed 42 Applications A4: Production of cloned embryos produced by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. is called somatic-cell nuclear transfer: Cells from an adult donor are harvested and grown An egg is harvested from a separate donor and its nucleus is removed Somatic-Cell Nuclear Transfer The adult cell is fused with with the egg with via electric shock The embryo is implanted into a surrogate where it develops and comes to term.

43 IB BIO Guidance G2: Dolly can be used as an example of somatic-cell transfer. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be successfully clone with this method. She lived for ~6.5 years before succumbing to a lung disease typical of older sheep. Dolly the sheep

44 IB BIO Stem-cutting is a technique that Skills S1: Design of an experiment to assess one factor affecting the rooting of stem-cuttings. can be used to clone plants. It involves cutting samples at the stem and then replanting them in a growth medium. When successful, the stems root and develop into identical plants. Guidance G3: A plant species should be chosen for rooting experiments that forms roots readily in water or a solid medium. Factors that could affect this process and be studied include: Location of cutting Number of leaves Content of growth medium

45 VIDEOS IB BIO NYT: The Story of Dolly, the Cloned Sheep Tech Insider: The Science of Dog Cloning How to Take Stem Cuttings

46 REVIEW IB BIO Define clones. 2. List two natural methods of cloning. 3. Outline the method of cloning by splitting embryos. 4. Outline the method of cloning by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. 5. Define stem-cutting.

Topic 3 Genetics/ Biotechnology

Topic 3 Genetics/ Biotechnology Topic 3 Genetics/ Biotechnology 3.5.U2 PCR can be used to amplify small amounts of DNA. 1. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used where DNA samples are too small to be useful. a. State the purpose

More information

Understandings, Applications and Skills (This is what you maybe assessed on)

Understandings, Applications and Skills (This is what you maybe assessed on) 3. Genetics 3.5 Genetic modification and biotechnology Name: Understandings, Applications and Skills (This is what you maybe assessed on) Statement Guidance 3.5.U1 3.5.U2 3.5.U3 Gel electrophoresis is

More information

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application BELLRINGER-5/4/15 1. What method would you guess forensic scientists use to identify criminals at crime scenes? 2. What do you think we mean by the term biotechnology? BIOTECHNOLOGY Understanding the Application

More information

Genetic Engineering and Other Aspects of Biotechnology

Genetic Engineering and Other Aspects of Biotechnology Genetic Engineering and Other Aspects of Biotechnology IB Biology Outcomes 4.4.1 Outline the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA. 4.4.2 State that, in gel

More information

Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10

Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10 Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following has the disadvantage of possibly bringing

More information

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application BIOTECHNOLOGY Understanding the Application GENETIC ENGINEERING Genetic engineering refers to any process in which man alters an organism s DNA Examples: cloning, genetically modified organisms (GMO),

More information

13-1 Changing the Living World

13-1 Changing the Living World 13-1 Changing the Living World In the past, variation was limited to the variations already in nature or random variations that resulted from mutations. Now, scientists can change DNA and swap genes from

More information

Chapter 11: Applications of Biotechnology

Chapter 11: Applications of Biotechnology Chapter 11: Applications of Biotechnology Lecture Outline Enger, E. D., Ross, F. C., & Bailey, D. B. (2012). Concepts in biology (14th ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill. 11-1 Why Biotechnology Works 11-2 Biotechnology

More information

2 Gene Technologies in Our Lives

2 Gene Technologies in Our Lives CHAPTER 15 2 Gene Technologies in Our Lives SECTION Gene Technologies and Human Applications KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: For what purposes are genes and proteins manipulated?

More information

Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Here s one thing genetic engineers do: Techniques for gene cloning enable scientists to prepare multiple identical copies of gene-sized pieces of DNA. Cloning means to make copies, in this case, copies

More information

Biotechnology: Genomics: field that compares the entire DNA content of different organisms

Biotechnology: Genomics: field that compares the entire DNA content of different organisms Biotechnology: New Terms Today: Genome Genetic engineering, transgenic organisms, GM food, Reproductive and therapeutic cloning Stem cells, plouripotent, totipotent Gene therapy Genomics: field that compares

More information

-Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes

-Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes Genetic Engineering -Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes Biotechnology -Is the process of manipulating organisms or their components for the purpose of making useful products Restriction Enzymes

More information

Genetic Engineering RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES

Genetic Engineering RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES Genetic Engineering 1977 Frederick Sanger discovered the complete base sequence for one type of virus, identified all 9 of its genes, and became the first to do so. This opened up a whole new world for

More information

What is Biotechnology? 15.1 What is Biotechnology? Transgenic Biotechnology Transgenic Biotechnology. Biotechnology. Transgenic organism

What is Biotechnology? 15.1 What is Biotechnology? Transgenic Biotechnology Transgenic Biotechnology. Biotechnology. Transgenic organism What is Biotechnology? 15.1 What is Biotechnology? Biotechnology the use of technology to control biological processes as a means of meeting societal needs Gene therapy Genetic engineering Bioremediation

More information

Cloning and Genetic Engineering

Cloning and Genetic Engineering Cloning and Genetic Engineering Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Biotechnology is the use of artificial methods to modify the genetic material of living organisms or cells to produce novel compounds or to perform

More information

Restriction Enzymes (endonucleases)

Restriction Enzymes (endonucleases) In order to understand and eventually manipulate DNA (human or otherwise) an array of DNA technologies have been developed. Here are some of the tools: Restriction Enzymes (endonucleases) In order to manipulate

More information

Genetics and Biotechnology 13.2 DNA Technology

Genetics and Biotechnology 13.2 DNA Technology Biotechnology Genetic Engineering Technology that involves manipulating the DNA of one organism in order to insert the DNA of another organism An electric current is used to separate DNA fragments according

More information

DNA Technology Outline

DNA Technology Outline I) Tools of DNA technology A. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): method of copying DNA sequences 1. DNA is copied in a similar way to natural replication in our cells, but much faster. 2.PCR consists of

More information

Genetic Engineering- GMO S and Clones

Genetic Engineering- GMO S and Clones Genetic Engineering- GMO S and Clones I) Medical Applications A) Genetic Engineering is unraveling the mysteries of gene function during development and may eventually provide therapies for disease. B)

More information

12/31/16. I. Manipulating DNA (9.1) A. Scientists use several techniques to manipulate DNA. 1. DNA is a very large molecule

12/31/16. I. Manipulating DNA (9.1) A. Scientists use several techniques to manipulate DNA. 1. DNA is a very large molecule I. Manipulating DNA (9.1) A. Scientists use several techniques to manipulate DNA 1. DNA is a very large molecule 3. Led to many biotechnology applications- genetic engineering, DNA fingerprinting, cloning,

More information

UNIT III: Genetics Chapter 9 Frontiers of Biotechnology

UNIT III: Genetics Chapter 9 Frontiers of Biotechnology UNIT III: Genetics Chapter 9 Frontiers of Biotechnology I. Manipulating DNA (9.1) A. Scientists use several techniques to manipulate DNA 1. DNA is a very large molecule 2. Still to small to see or work

More information

Genetic Technologies.notebook March 05, Genetic Technologies

Genetic Technologies.notebook March 05, Genetic Technologies Genetic Testing Genetic Technologies Tests can be used to diagnose disorders and/or identify those individuals with an increased risk of inheriting a disorder. Prenatal Screening A fetus may be screened

More information

INTERNATIONAL TURKISH HOPE SCHOOL ACADEMIC YEAR CHITTAGONG SENIOR SECTION BIOLOGY HANDOUT SELECTIVE BREEDING, GM & CLONING CLASS 9 AND 10

INTERNATIONAL TURKISH HOPE SCHOOL ACADEMIC YEAR CHITTAGONG SENIOR SECTION BIOLOGY HANDOUT SELECTIVE BREEDING, GM & CLONING CLASS 9 AND 10 INTERNATIONAL TURKISH HOPE SCHOOL 2014 2015 ACADEMIC YEAR CHITTAGONG SENIOR SECTION BIOLOGY HANDOUT SELECTIVE BREEDING, GM & CLONING CLASS 9 AND 10 Name :... Date:... Selective Breeding Selective breeding

More information

GM (Genetically Modified) Plants. Background

GM (Genetically Modified) Plants. Background 1 GM (Genetically Modified) Plants Background Genetically modified crops (GM) have been used since 1996 in the U.S. GM crops contain foreign genetic material The DNA may be from another plant or from a

More information

Researchers use genetic engineering to manipulate DNA.

Researchers use genetic engineering to manipulate DNA. Section 2: Researchers use genetic engineering to manipulate DNA. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the different tools and processes used in genetic

More information

UNIT 3: GENETICS Chapter 9: Frontiers of Biotechnology

UNIT 3: GENETICS Chapter 9: Frontiers of Biotechnology CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned

More information

A Lot of Cutting and Pasting Going on Here Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology

A Lot of Cutting and Pasting Going on Here Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology A Lot of Cutting and Pasting Going on Here Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology How Are Large DNA Molecules Analyzed? Naturally occurring enzymes that cleave and repair DNA are used in the laboratory to manipulate

More information

15.3 Applications of Genetic Engineering

15.3 Applications of Genetic Engineering 15.3 Applications of Genetic Engineering Agriculture and Industry Almost everything we eat and much of what we wear come from living organisms. Researchers have used genetic engineering to try to improve

More information

Advances in Genetics #101

Advances in Genetics #101 Questions: Five study Questions EQ1: What are 3 ways of producing organisms with desired traits? EQ2: What are 2 applications of DNA technology in human genetics? Like your fingerprints, your DNA is different

More information

Unit 3.notebook June 03, Genetic Counseling. May 11 12:18 PM. Genetic Counseling

Unit 3.notebook June 03, Genetic Counseling. May 11 12:18 PM. Genetic Counseling Genetic Counseling Until recently, it was very difficult to determine the health of an unborn baby. Today, with new research and technology, information can be gathered during: > fetal development > before

More information

CHAPTER 9: GENETIC ENGINEERING DR. BERTOLOTTI

CHAPTER 9: GENETIC ENGINEERING DR. BERTOLOTTI CHAPTER 9: GENETIC ENGINEERING DR. BERTOLOTTI Essential Question How and why do scientists manipulate DNA in living cells? 1 What is selective breeding used for? Application of Genetic Engineering Video:

More information

Genetic Engineering. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO s)

Genetic Engineering. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO s) Genetic Engineering The manipulation of genetic material for practical purposes Involves the changing of DNA in an organism Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO s) An organism whose genetic make up has

More information

EQ: What is the Secret of Life? EQ: How can one organism pass its traits to the next generation? EQ: How can new traits arise?

EQ: What is the Secret of Life? EQ: How can one organism pass its traits to the next generation? EQ: How can new traits arise? EQ: What is the Secret of Life? EQ: How can one organism pass its traits to the next generation? EQ: How can new traits arise? Intro to DNA Miller Ch. 12 I. Search for the Secret Morgan fruit flies Griffith

More information

9.4. Genetic Engineering. Entire organisms can be cloned. Web

9.4. Genetic Engineering. Entire organisms can be cloned. Web 9.4 Genetic Engineering VOCABULARY clone genetic engineering recombinant DNA plasmid transgenic gene knockout 3D, 3D evaluate the impact of scientific research on society and the environment and 6H describe

More information

Biotechnology. DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks. DNA Sequencing. Genetic Engineering. Gene Therapy

Biotechnology. DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks. DNA Sequencing. Genetic Engineering. Gene Therapy Biotechnology DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks DNA Sequencing Genetic Engineering Gene Therapy What is DNA Cloning? Set of methods that uses live cells to make many identical copies of a DNA fragment

More information

Biotechnology. Chapter 13

Biotechnology. Chapter 13 Biotechnology Chapter 13 Genetic Changes Humans have been changing the genetics of other species for thousands of years Artificial selection of plants and animals Tomato plants look nothing like their

More information

4/26/2015. Cut DNA either: Cut DNA either:

4/26/2015. Cut DNA either: Cut DNA either: Ch.20 Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences (restriction sites) resulting in segments of DNA (restriction fragments) Typically 4-8 bp in length & often palindromic Isolated from bacteria (Hundreds

More information

Name: Period: Date: 2) The procedures are often referred to as. 3) is the genetic material of all living organisms.

Name: Period: Date: 2) The procedures are often referred to as. 3) is the genetic material of all living organisms. Name: Period: Date: I. Selective Breeding 1) = The process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations. Breed only those plants or animals

More information

Biology 3201 Genetics Unit #8

Biology 3201 Genetics Unit #8 Biology 3201 Genetics Unit #8 Diagnosis and Treatment of Genetic Disorders Genetic Engineering The Human Genome Project GMOs and GMFs Cloning Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders Detection of genetics disorders-

More information

Passing on characteristics

Passing on characteristics 1 of 50 Boardworks Ltd 2006 2 of 50 Boardworks Ltd 2006 Passing on characteristics 3 of 50 Boardworks Ltd 2006 What makes this baby human? What determines its gender? In all living things, characteristics

More information

Written Response #17: Are Genetically Modified Foods Safe?

Written Response #17: Are Genetically Modified Foods Safe? DNA Technology Written Response #17: Are Genetically Modified Foods Safe? Decide if you think GMO foods are safe. You will need to write whether you think they are safe or not and include 3 reasons for

More information

DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the genetic material in our cells. No two people (except identical twins) have the

DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the genetic material in our cells. No two people (except identical twins) have the DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the genetic material in our cells. No two people (except identical twins) have the exact same DNA. DNA patterns from four sets of twins which are identical? DNA fingerprinting

More information

Guided Notes Unit 5: Molecular Genetics

Guided Notes Unit 5: Molecular Genetics Name: Date: Block: Chapter 8: From DNA to Protein I. Concept 8.4: Transcription a. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology i. Information flows in one direction: ii. How? Guided Notes Unit 5: Molecular Genetics

More information

Genetic Technologies

Genetic Technologies Genetic Technologies Distinguish the terms biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology, transgenic organisms, genetic engineering Understand the two basic techniques to obtain selective fragments of DNA

More information

Unit 8.3: Biotechnology

Unit 8.3: Biotechnology Unit 8.3: Biotechnology Lesson Objectives Describe gene cloning and the polymerase chain reaction. Explain how DNA technology is applied in medicine and agriculture. Identify some of the ethical, legal,

More information

Genetics Quiz Review

Genetics Quiz Review Name: Genetics Quiz Review 1. Selective breeding is a technique that is used to A) give all organisms a chance to reproduce B) produce organisms from extinct species C) produce offspring with certain desirable

More information

Page 3. 18) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology.

Page 3. 18) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology. Name: 1117 1 Page 1 1) A small amount of DNA was taken from a fossil of a mammoth found frozen in glacial ice. Genetic technology can be used to produce a large quantity of identical DNA from this mammoth's

More information

Genetic Engineering : (page 613)

Genetic Engineering : (page 613) Genetic Engineering : (page 613) 1977 - Frederick Sanger - discovered the complete base sequence for one type of virus, identified all 9 of its genes, first to do so...opening a new world for genetic procedures

More information

CHAPTER 21. Genetic engineering. What is Genetic Engineering? How is genetic engineering used? What are plasmids? DNA Technology Genomics.

CHAPTER 21. Genetic engineering. What is Genetic Engineering? How is genetic engineering used? What are plasmids? DNA Technology Genomics. CHAPTER 21 DNA Technology Genomics What is Genetic Engineering? Genetic engineering Moving genes from one organism to another Genes can be taken from one organism (plant, animal, virus, or bacteria) and

More information

What are clones? Genetically identical copies

What are clones? Genetically identical copies Cloning What are clones? Genetically identical copies The possibility of human cloning was raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly" Cloning Cloning

More information

Gene Expression. Chapters 11 & 12: Gene Conrtrol and DNA Technology. Cloning. Honors Biology Fig

Gene Expression. Chapters 11 & 12: Gene Conrtrol and DNA Technology. Cloning. Honors Biology Fig Chapters & : Conrtrol and Technology Honors Biology 0 Cloning Produced by asexual reproduction and so it is genetically identical to the parent st large cloned mammal: Dolly the sheep Animals that are

More information

Chapter 12. DNA Technology. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko

Chapter 12. DNA Technology. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko Chapter 12 DNA Technology PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fifth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fourth Edition Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, and Jane B. Reece

More information

Chapter 15 Gene Technologies and Human Applications

Chapter 15 Gene Technologies and Human Applications Chapter Outline Chapter 15 Gene Technologies and Human Applications Section 1: The Human Genome KEY IDEAS > Why is the Human Genome Project so important? > How do genomics and gene technologies affect

More information

Genetically Modified Organisms. The Pros and Cons of GMOs

Genetically Modified Organisms. The Pros and Cons of GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms The Pros and Cons of GMOs Genetic Engineering Genetic recombination: Taking genes from one organism and inserting them into another. Transgenics: Organisms containing genes

More information

NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech )

NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech ) NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech ) Vocabulary Genetic Engineering Gene Recombinant DNA Transgenic Restriction Enzymes Vectors Plasmids Cloning Key Concepts What is genetic engineering?

More information

Chapter 10 Genetic Engineering: A Revolution in Molecular Biology

Chapter 10 Genetic Engineering: A Revolution in Molecular Biology Chapter 10 Genetic Engineering: A Revolution in Molecular Biology Genetic Engineering Direct, deliberate modification of an organism s genome bioengineering Biotechnology use of an organism s biochemical

More information

Genetic Engineering 1.6

Genetic Engineering 1.6 Genetic Engineering 1.6 Genetic Engineering Learning Outcomes: 1.Genetic information can be transferred from one cell to another artificially 2.To understand the stages involved in genetic engineering

More information

1.) Selective breeding = The process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations.

1.) Selective breeding = The process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations. 1.) Selective breeding = The process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations. Breed only those plants or animals with desirable traits

More information

Origins of Biotechnology

Origins of Biotechnology What Is Biotechnology? Origins of Biotechnology the use of living organisms to develop or make useful products improve plants or animals to develop microorganisms for specific uses Although it seems like

More information

Define selective breeding. Define pure breeding. Define domestication relative to the examples above.

Define selective breeding. Define pure breeding. Define domestication relative to the examples above. Define selective breeding. Define pure breeding. Define domestication relative to the examples above. Selective Breeding Selective Breeding Induced nondisjunction Define hybridization. Explain how hybridization

More information

Chapter 8 Recombinant DNA Technology. 10/1/ MDufilho

Chapter 8 Recombinant DNA Technology. 10/1/ MDufilho Chapter 8 Recombinant DNA Technology 10/1/2017 1 MDufilho The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology? Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology Intentionally modifying

More information

Name: Date: IF YOU GOT BELOW A 70% RETAKING THE TEST IS MANDATORY.

Name: Date: IF YOU GOT BELOW A 70% RETAKING THE TEST IS MANDATORY. IF YOU GOT BELOW A 70% RETAKING THE TEST IS MANDATORY. 1. What is a mutation? Any change in a DNA sequence 2. Name and describe the two categories types of gene mutations. Point: substitution, one nucleotide

More information

Chemical treatments cause cells and nuclei to burst The DNA is inherently sticky, and can be pulled out of the mixture This is called spooling DNA

Chemical treatments cause cells and nuclei to burst The DNA is inherently sticky, and can be pulled out of the mixture This is called spooling DNA DNA Technology 1 2 DNA Extraction Chemical treatments cause cells and nuclei to burst The DNA is inherently sticky, and can be pulled out of the mixture This is called spooling DNA Spooled DNA 3 4 Cutting

More information

Biotechnology Biotechnology is the application of a technological process, invention or method to living organisms

Biotechnology Biotechnology is the application of a technological process, invention or method to living organisms Biotechnology Biotechnology is the application of a technological process, invention or method to living organisms Cloning A clone is an organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which

More information

Genetic Engineering 1

Genetic Engineering 1 Genetic Engineering 1 1952 First animal cloned Northern Leapord Frog Robert Briggs and Thomas King 2 1996 Dolly The first sheep to be cloned from ADULT cells is born. 3 4 5 The possibility that through

More information

Name AP Biology Mrs. Laux Take home test #11 on Chapters 14, 15, and 17 DUE: MONDAY, DECEMBER 21, 2009

Name AP Biology Mrs. Laux Take home test #11 on Chapters 14, 15, and 17 DUE: MONDAY, DECEMBER 21, 2009 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Inducible genes are usually actively transcribed when: A. the molecule degraded by the enzyme(s) is present in the cell. B. repressor molecules bind to the promoter. C. lactose

More information

Learning Objectives. What is genomics?

Learning Objectives. What is genomics? What is genomics? Learning Objectives Sequencing basics Very basic mechanics of genetic engineering Understanding the relationship between cdna and mrna What is reverse transcriptase? Restriction endonucleases

More information

Essential Questions Real-World Reading Link Have you seen a handmade patchwork quilt? Patchwork quilts are

Essential Questions Real-World Reading Link Have you seen a handmade patchwork quilt? Patchwork quilts are 4.3.f 4.1.c 4.2.d DNA Technology Reading Preview Researchers use genetic engineering to manipulate DNA. Essential Questions Real-World Reading Link Have you seen a handmade patchwork quilt? Patchwork quilts

More information

Heredity & Genetic Engineering. Human Chromosomes Review. Human body cells, called somatic cells, have 46 chromosomes (diploid number)

Heredity & Genetic Engineering. Human Chromosomes Review. Human body cells, called somatic cells, have 46 chromosomes (diploid number) Heredity & Genetic Engineering Human Chromosomes Review Human body cells, called somatic cells, have 46 chromosomes (diploid number) Gametes have 23 chromosomes (haploid number) Zygote = fertilized egg

More information

Chapter 5 Learning Objectives

Chapter 5 Learning Objectives Schedule and Announcements Go over Exam 1 Look at Elodea (plant cells) Start Chapter 5 Quiz Thursday over lab material Science Café 2 Friday Don t forget- research plan for project is due Friday September

More information

Concept 13.1 Recombinant DNA Can Be Made in the Laboratory

Concept 13.1 Recombinant DNA Can Be Made in the Laboratory 13 Biotechnology Concept 13.1 Recombinant DNA Can Be Made in the Laboratory It is possible to modify organisms with genes from other, distantly related organisms. Recombinant DNA is a DNA molecule made

More information

I. Gene Cloning & Recombinant DNA. Biotechnology: Figure 1: Restriction Enzyme Activity. Restriction Enzyme:

I. Gene Cloning & Recombinant DNA. Biotechnology: Figure 1: Restriction Enzyme Activity. Restriction Enzyme: I. Gene Cloning & Recombinant DNA Biotechnology: Figure 1: Restriction Enzyme Activity Restriction Enzyme: Most restriction enzymes recognize a single short base sequence, or Restriction Site. Restriction

More information

DNA Technology. B. Using Bacteria to Clone Genes: Overview:

DNA Technology. B. Using Bacteria to Clone Genes: Overview: DNA Technology A. Basic Vocabulary: is DNA from 2 different sources that is combined. is the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. literally means or in a test tube or flask. is the manipulation

More information

Chapter 6: Plant Biotechnology

Chapter 6: Plant Biotechnology Chapter 6: Plant Biotechnology Chapter Contents 6.1 The Future of Agriculture: Plant Transgenics 6.2 Methods Used in Plant Transgenesis 6.3 Practical Applications 6.4 Health and Environmental Concerns

More information

Diagnosis & Treatment of Genetic Disorders

Diagnosis & Treatment of Genetic Disorders Diagnosis & Treatment of Genetic Disorders 18.1 Until recently, it was very difficult to determine the health of an unborn baby. Today, with new research and technology, information can be gathered during

More information

Recombinant DNA. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview Recombinant DNA Lesson Overview 15.2 Finding Genes In 1987, Douglas Prasher, a biologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts, wanted to find a specific gene in a jellyfish that codes for a molecule

More information

Biotechnology. Chapter 17 section 1 (only)

Biotechnology. Chapter 17 section 1 (only) Biotechnology Chapter 17 section 1 (only) 5-16-16 Learning Goals for Today: Explain how DNA profiling can identify individuals Interpret data from DNA electrophoresis Discuss genetically modified organisms

More information

GENE EXPRESSSION. Promoter sequence where RNA polymerase binds. Operator sequence that acts as a switch (yellow) OPERON

GENE EXPRESSSION. Promoter sequence where RNA polymerase binds. Operator sequence that acts as a switch (yellow) OPERON GENE EXPRESSSION 1 GENE REGULATION IN PROKARYOTES Bacteria can turn genes on or off depending on their environment Prokaryotes have operons clusters of related genes and regulatory sequences Promoter sequence

More information

What does the person being interviewed want to create?

What does the person being interviewed want to create? What does the person being interviewed want to create? Daan Roosegaarde Interview about creating glowing plants https://vimeo.com/89651857 What does BIO= Life TECHNOLOGY= The real life use/ application

More information

Bio 101 Sample questions: Chapter 10

Bio 101 Sample questions: Chapter 10 Bio 101 Sample questions: Chapter 10 1. Which of the following is NOT needed for DNA replication? A. nucleotides B. ribosomes C. Enzymes (like polymerases) D. DNA E. all of the above are needed 2 The information

More information

1 A Genetically Modified Solution? Th e u n i t e d n a t i o n s World Food Program has clearly stated, Hunger

1 A Genetically Modified Solution? Th e u n i t e d n a t i o n s World Food Program has clearly stated, Hunger 1 A Genetically Modified Solution? Th e u n i t e d n a t i o n s World Food Program has clearly stated, Hunger and malnutrition are in fact the number one risk to health worldwide greater than AIDS, malaria,

More information

Biology Chapter 9 & Honors Biology Chapter 13. Frontiers Of Biotechnology

Biology Chapter 9 & Honors Biology Chapter 13. Frontiers Of Biotechnology Biology Chapter 9 & Honors Biology Chapter 13 Frontiers Of Biotechnology DNA TECHNOLOGY IS ABOUT: Manipulating DNA for man s purposes. It includes: cutting DNA, Gel Electrophoresis and Polymerase Chain

More information

Biotechnology DNA technology

Biotechnology DNA technology Biotechnology Biotechnology is the manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products The applications of DNA technology affect everything from agriculture, to criminal law, to medical

More information

Hybridization - the act or process of mating organisms of varieties or species to create a hybrid. Insecticide crops

Hybridization - the act or process of mating organisms of varieties or species to create a hybrid. Insecticide crops Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the alteration of genetic code by means, and is therefore different from traditional selective breeding. Only allowing desired characteristics to reproduce. Scorpion

More information

Cloning from plant cells

Cloning from plant cells Cloning plants, animals, and cells Take a cutting from a plant, put it in a pot of soil, and you have cloned an organism. The plant that grows from the cutting will be genetically identical to the one

More information

Interest Grabber Notebook #1

Interest Grabber Notebook #1 Chapter 13 Interest Grabber Notebook #1 A New Breed The tomatoes in your salad and the dog in your backyard are a result of selective breeding. Over thousands of years, humans have developed breeds of

More information

Biotechnology and DNA Technology

Biotechnology and DNA Technology 11/27/2017 PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College CHAPTER 9 Biotechnology and DNA Technology Introduction to Biotechnology Learning Objectives Compare

More information

Explain why the scientists used the same restriction endonuclease enzymes on each DNA sample

Explain why the scientists used the same restriction endonuclease enzymes on each DNA sample Q1.Some populations of flies are becoming resistant to insecticides intended to kill them. Scientists developed a method for finding out whether a fly was carrying a recessive allele, r, that gives resistance

More information

Fig. 5.1(a) and Fig. 5.1(b), on page 3 of the insert, show some changes that take place in the fermenter over the first 6 days.

Fig. 5.1(a) and Fig. 5.1(b), on page 3 of the insert, show some changes that take place in the fermenter over the first 6 days. 1 A batch fermenter is used during the production of beer. Fig. 5.1(a) and Fig. 5.1(b), on page 3 of the insert, show some changes that take place in the fermenter over the first 6 days. (a) (i) Describe

More information

Application of Biotechnology in DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Application of Biotechnology in DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Application of Biotechnology in DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting and Forensics Forensic science intersection of law and science Historic examples Early 1900s

More information

STUDY GUIDE SECTION 13-1 DNA Technology

STUDY GUIDE SECTION 13-1 DNA Technology STUDY GUIDE SECTION 13-1 DNA Technology Name Period Date Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. To cut DNA molecules into pieces at specific sequences of nucleotides, genetic engineers

More information

Biosc10 schedule reminders

Biosc10 schedule reminders Biosc10 schedule reminders Review of molecular biology basics DNA Is each person s DNA the same, or unique? What does DNA look like? What are the three parts of each DNA nucleotide Which DNA bases pair,

More information

Genetics and Biotechnology Chapter 13

Genetics and Biotechnology Chapter 13 1 Genetics and Biotechnology Chapter 13 Selective breeding is used to produce organisms with desired traits. I. Applied Genetics A. Selective Breeding 1. Definedthe process by which desired traits of certain

More information

DNA Function. DNA Heredity and Protein Synthesis

DNA Function. DNA Heredity and Protein Synthesis DNA Function DNA Heredity and Protein Synthesis 1 Review DNA made of Nucleotide bases Proteins made of Amino acids Describe how DNA is involved in protein synthesis DNA base sequence codes for amino acid

More information

An organism has many different kinds of cells the have different functions, but every body cell has the

An organism has many different kinds of cells the have different functions, but every body cell has the 1 BIO 1101 Lec. 9, Part A (Guided Notes): Chapter 11 -- Gene Regulation 2 3 4 5 6 Gene Regulation An organism has many different kinds of cells the have different functions, but every body cell has the

More information

MCDB 1041 Class 27. Making recombinant DNA and using it

MCDB 1041 Class 27. Making recombinant DNA and using it MCDB 1041 Class 27 Making recombinant DNA and using it Learning Goals Explain why and how bacteria can be easily used to make copies of human DNA. Compare the two methods for making lots of copies of DNA:

More information

Chapter 8. Genetic Engineering: Transcription, Translation, and Genetically Modified Organisms. 8.1 Genetic Engineers

Chapter 8. Genetic Engineering: Transcription, Translation, and Genetically Modified Organisms. 8.1 Genetic Engineers Chapter 8 Genetic Engineering: Transcription, Translation, and Genetically Modified Organisms 8.1 Genetic Engineers Genetic engineers The manipulation that they perform include changing a gene, changing

More information

GENETICS HOW HUMANS MANIPULATE GENES FOR THEIR OWN BENEFIT

GENETICS HOW HUMANS MANIPULATE GENES FOR THEIR OWN BENEFIT GENETICS HOW HUMANS MANIPULATE GENES FOR THEIR OWN BENEFIT SELECTIVE BREEDING &HYBRIDIZATION CHOOSING ORGANISMS OF THE SAME SPECIES WITH THE BEST TRAITS TO MATE TOGETHER Examples: Purebred dogs, horses,

More information

Study-IQ education

Study-IQ education Science & Tech Target- 2018 (Series-7) BIOTECHNOLOGY By Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari - Scientist in IIT Delhi - Author of Mc Graw Hill Publication for Science & Technology - last 17 years teaching experience for

More information

CHAPTER 13. Genetic Engineering

CHAPTER 13. Genetic Engineering CHAPTER 13 Genetic Engineering 13-1 Changing the Living World Choosing the best traits for breeding Most domestic animals are products of SB Even Cows, Sheep, & Pigs All Products of Selective Breeding

More information