Course: Biology Agricultural Science & Technology. Unit: Genetic Alterations

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Course: Biology Agricultural Science & Technology. Unit: Genetic Alterations"

Transcription

1 Course: Biology Agricultural Science & Technology Unit: Genetic Alterations State Standard: Standard IV: Students will understand that genetic information coded in DNA is passed from parents to offspring by sexual and asexual reproduction. The basic structure of DNA is the same in all living things. Changes in DNA may alter genetic expression. State Objectives: Objective 1: Compare sexual and asexual reproduction. c. Formulate, defend, and support a perspective of a bioethical issue related to intentional or unintentional chromosomal mutations. Objective 2: Predict and interpret patterns of inheritance in sexually reproducing organisms. d. Analyze bioethical issues and consider the role of science in determining public policy. Objective 3: Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis. d. Describe how mutations may affect genetic expression and cit examples of mutagens. f. Research, report, and debate genetic technologies that may improve the quality of life (e.g., genetic engineering, cloning, gene splicing). Unit Objectives: A. Formulate, defend, and support a perspective of a bioethical issue related to intentional or unintentional chromosomal mutations. B. Analyze bioethical issues and consider the role of science in determining public policy. C. Describe how mutations may affect genetic expression and cite examples of mutagens. D. Research, report, and debate genetic technologies that may improve the quality of life (e.g., genetic engineering, cloning, gene splicing). Materials Needed (Equipment): PowerPoint projector, paper, copies, glue, coloring utensils (makers, color pencils, etc.)

2 Facilities: Classroom, computer lab, Interest Approach: WARNING: THE POWERPOINT PRESENTATION IN THIS INTEREST APPROACH CONTAINS IMAGES THAT MAY BE DISTURBING. PLEASE PREVIEW BEFORE SHOWING TO STUDENTS AND USE YOUR BEST JUDGEMENT. Show students the grotesque PowerPoint. Ask them what they think could make these things happen? Are the real? Now move into the lesson. Objective A: Formulate, defend, and support a perspective of a bioethical issue related to intentional or unintentional chromosomal mutations. Curriculum (Content) (What to teach) A1. Genetic Alterations picture slides. Instruction (Methodology) (How to teach) Ask students what they know about genetic alterations. What do they think an alteration is? How might is occur? Could it me stopped? Then show them all of the alteration pictures and talk about what they are and emphasize that all alterations aren t bad. This will give students a better understanding that alterations aren t all bad. A1. PPT slides 1-42 A2. Writing assignment A2. This writing assignment is designed for students to experiment with having a genetic change. The genetic change could be anything they want. Examples: Grew wings, have four arms, etc. After they have decided on an alteration they need to write about how their day would be different with this alteration. Have students sketch a picture of their changed self. Activity: This is the writing activity and picture of their changed self.

3 Objective B: Curriculum (Content) (What to teach) Instruction (Methodology) (How to teach) Ask students if all genetic alterations are bad? Have them list a few that aren t. B1. Genetic Engineering B2. Genetic Engineering The ability to move genetic material (genes) from one organism to another B3. Genetic Engineering History 1000 s years people have changed the characteristics of plants and animals selective breeding exploitation of mutations dreamed of being able to artificially create mutations B1. PPT slide 43 Review with students about genetic alterations and that not all of them are bad. B2. PPT slide 44 Ask students if they have seen Jurassic Park? Then talk about how they moved genes to complete the dinosaurs DNA. B3. PPT slide 45 In changing characteristics of plant tell about all the different colors and how animals have changed over the years. At first we wanted animals with a lot of fat. Now we want animals with a lot of muscle and no fat. B4. PPT slide 46 B4. What is Genetic Engineering? Involves the manipulation of genes (DNA sequence) within a cell or organism to produce a desired result. a change in the genetic makeup of an organism through: deliberate addition (insertion) Removal (deletion) intentional mutation of DNA Most commonly it involves the transfer of a gene from one organism to another.

4 B5. Examples Bacteria produce Human insulin needed for diabetics Transgenic pigs produce human Factor VIII, a blood-clotting agent needed by hemophiliacs Bacteria produce hormone BST which helps control the production of milk. B6. B5. PPT slide 47 B6. PPT slide 48 Go through the diagram on gene splicing and how the process works. B7. Steps in Genetic Engineering 1) Isolate the gene and cut it using restriction enzymes 2) Cut bacterial DNA using restriction enzymes 3) Splice the gene into bacterial DNA by attaching sticky ends B8. Steps in Genetic Engineering 4) Place the engineered bacterial DNA into a bacteria cell 5) Clone the bacteria and collect the product B9. What Genetic Engineering Can Do B7. PPT slide 49 B8. PPT slide 50 B9. PPT slide 51 Ask students what they think the limits of genetic engineering might be. What would they like to see genetic do in everyday life?

5 B10. Agriculture 1. Plants resistant to virus, salt, drought 2. Plants resistant to frost and heat 3. Plants resistant to insects 4. Plants resistant to roundup 5. Animals that produce desired chemicals in their products (TPA in milk) 6. Enhanced meat and milk production B11. Medicine 1. Production of pharmaceuticals (insulin, TPA, interferon) 2. Study of human cancer in mice 3. Map the human genome 4. Correct genetically caused diseases B12. Clean up the environment 1. Bacteria to feed on oil slicks and toxic chemicals 2. Convert waste materials into useful products (cellulose into plastic) 3. Improve efficiency of industrial processes B13. Using Bacteria as Factories B14. Bovine somatotropin BST A hormone composed of protein that that is produced by the cows pituitary gland Helps control the production of milk by assisting the regulation of nutrients into the production of milk or fat B15. BST Supplementary BST causes the cow to produce less fat and more milk By splicing genetic material into E. coli bacteria the hormone can be produced at relatively low cost B10. PPT slide 52 B11. PPT slide 53 B12. PPT slide 54 B13. PPT slide 55 B14. PPT slide 56 B15. PPT slide 57

6 B16. Genetic Alterations Genetic engineering doesn t have to be completed in a lab. Some other ways to genetically alter genes are: Controlled Breeding Changing the hereditary characteristics of offspring by selecting parents B17. Inbreeding Breeding of phenotypically similar individuals May eventually produce weaker organisms Increases the chances of harmful homozygous recessive traits B18. Hybridization Cross breeding two different but related individuals Hybrid vigor individual outproduces its parents Decreases the chances of harmful homozygous recessive traits B19. Artificial Insemination Placing sperm into the female reproductive tract by means other than natural mating. B20. Embryo Transfer The transfer of fertilized egg(s) from a donor female to one or more recipient females B21. Cloning The production of an exact genetic copy of an organism B16. PPT slide 58 B17. PPT slide 59 B18. PPT slide 60 B19. PPT slide 61 Talk about sexing semen so that you can now guarantee that you get a male or female depending on what you want. B20. PPT slide 62 This done in cattle so that you can own a bunch of low dollar cattle and only have to own one high dollar cow and get more money. B21. PPT slide 63 Talk about Dolly the sheep and the affects that cloning has had on cells.

7 B22. Cloning Activity. B22. Go to: and do the cloning a mouse activity. You can print out the activity or do it on the computer. Activity: Have students do the genetics alterations cross word.

8 Objective C: Describe how mutations may affect genetic expression and cite examples of mutagens. Curriculum (Content) (What to teach) Instruction (Methodology) (How to teach) C1. Mistakes Sometimes, chromosomes break, leading to 4 types of changes in chromosome structure: Deletion Duplication Translocation Inversions C2. Cell Changes Mutation A change in the DNA Affects the production of proteins and gives a new phenotype C1. PPT slide 64 C2. PPT slide 65 C3. Cell Changes Chromosome Mutations change the structure of the chromosome Occur during cell division C4. Cell Changes Deletion A portion of one chromosome is lost during cell division. That chromosome is now missing certain genes. When this chromosome is passed on to offspring the result is usually lethal due to missing genes. C3. PPT slide 66 C4. PPT slide 67, 68, 69, and 70 Explain to students how part of a chromosome can be deleted. All slides show the location of the deletion.

9 C5. Cell Changes Duplication If the fragment joins the homologous chromosome, then that region is repeated C6. Cell Changes Inversion piece of chromosome breaks and reattaches itself in reverse C7. Cell Changes Translocation - Broken piece attaches to a different chromosome - A fragment of a chromosome is moved ("trans-located") from one chromosome to another - joins a non-homologous chromosome. - The balance of genes is still normal (nothing has been gained or lost) but can alter phenotype as it places genes in a new environment. - Can also cause difficulties in egg or sperm development and normal development of a zygote. C8. Cell Changes Non-Disjunction Chromosome pair fails to separate during meiosis Trisomy Downs Edwards Patau Monosomy Turners Polyploidy Plants C5. PPT slide 71 and 72 Show students slide 72 to visualize a duplication of a chromosome C6. PPT slide 73, 74, and 75 C7. PPT slide 76, 77, 78, and 79 C8. PPT slide 80 and 81

10 C9. Gene Changes Gene Mutations involve a single nitrogen base within a codon Point Mutation substitution, deletion, or addition of a base Frame-Shift Mutation the addition or deletion of a base Causes the gene to be read out of order C10. Gene Changes Mutagens environmental factors that damage DNA Examples Cigarette Tars Radiation Asbestos UV Light C11. Chromosome Changes Chromosome Map diagram of where genes are on a particular chromosome Crossing Over parts of genes become rearranged during meiosis The closer genes are on a chromosome, the less likely crossing over will occur C12. Chromosome Changes Electrophoresis separation of segments of DNA by electricity based on their size Enzymes cut DNA at a specific base sequence The shorter the pieces, the further they travel in the gel C13. Chromosome Changes DNA Fingerprinting the use of electrophoresis to determine matches in DNA Why map chromosomes? C9. PPT slide 82 C10. PPT slide 83 C11. PPT slide 84 C12. PPT slide C13. PPT slide 87

11 Ask students their opinion on DNA Fingerprinting. Should law enforcement be able to keep that on record? Should law enforcement have access to everyone s DNA fingerprint? C14. Human Genetics More difficult to study than other organisms because it takes 75 years to produce 3 generations of humans C15. Population Sampling Use a small number of individuals to represent the entire population. C16. Twins Use identical twins to distinguish between environmental and hereditary factors C17. Pedigree Studies Use family history to determine how a trait is inherited Carrier heterozygous does not have the trait, but may pass it on to offspring C18. Pedigree Symbols Male Female Affected male Affected female Mating Parents Siblings Known heterozygote for recessive allele Death C19. Pedigree Examples C14. PPT slide 88 C15. PPT slide 89 C16. PPT slide 90 Here talk about how Hilter used twin to determine differences and similarities in genetics. C17. PPT slide 91 C18. PPT slide C19. PPT slide In these slides there are several examples of how pedigrees work and how traits are passed on. Show students how the genes are passed on and which gene they got from the mother and which gene they got from the father.

12 C20. Pedigree activity. C21. Human Genetic Traits Single Allele Traits: Dominant Huntington Disease, Dwarfism, Polydactyly (extra fingers and toes) Recessive Albinism, Cystic fibrosis C22. Human Genetic Traits Polygenic Traits: Skin Hair and Eye Color Foot Size Height Nose Length C23. Human Genetic Traits Multiple-Allele Traits ABO blood groups Rh Factor in Blood C24. Human Genetic Traits Sex Linked Traits Color-blindness Hemophilia Muscular Dystrophy C25. Human Genetic Traits Sex-Influenced Traits: Baldness C26. Human Genetic Traits Nondisjunction: Down Syndrome Kleinfelter Syndrome Turner Syndrome C20. At this point make up an activity that has the students have to do pedigree charts. Make up different ones each year so that they vary and all different types of changes are shown. C21. PPT slide 105 C22. PPT slide 106 C23. PPT slide 107 C24. PPT slide 108 C25. PPT slide 109 C26. PPT slide 110

13 C27. Detecting Genetic Disorders Karyotype The grouping of the chromosomes based on size and the position of the centromere Amniocentesis The process of removing fluid and cells from around the fetus and checking for abnormalities C28. Classification of Chromosomes C29. Chromosome making activity. C27. PPT slide 111 C28. PPT slides These slides are to show the difference between the male and female chromosomes. C29. Have students make 23 pairs of chromosomes. Each pair has to match each other and each pair has to be unique. The only pair that can be different is the XY pair. Then have them paste them in order. You could have them to male and female to show how all are the same except the XX and the XY. Activity: Have students do the genetic alterations word search

14 Objective D: Research, report, and debate genetic technologies that may improve the quality of life. (e.g., genetic engineering, cloning, gene splicing.) Curriculum (Content) (What to teach) Instruction (Methodology) (How to teach) Ask students which disordered interested them the most? Why did that particular disorder stand out to them? What more would they like to learn about that disorder? D1. Disorder research project. (Remember that disorders are classified as anything that causes a change in the DNA.) Examples: Multiple Sclerosis Down Syndrome Kleinfelter s Syndrome Turner s Syndrome Baldness D2. After presentations or test show the Animals with Genetic Alterations PPT. D1. Come up with a list of your own disorders that you would like the students to research. You could assign them in pairs or make them do their own. This is to be a presentation to the class so that many different disorders have been researched and discussed. Have them research the disorder and answer questions like: 1. When was this disorder discovered? 2. What chromosome does it happen on? 3. What are the signs that this disorder is present in an individual? 4. How long does an individual live with this ordered? 5. Can this disorder be detected before birth? 6. Can medication regulate this disorder? 7. Is this a disorder that shows up later in life? Example Multiple Sclerosis. 8. Is this disorder hereditary? Plus, any other questions you would like to add! D2. Animals with Genetic Alterations PPT. The whole thing. Evaluation: Review sheet for test Genetic Alterations Test

Genetics. What DNA is telling us!

Genetics. What DNA is telling us! Genetics What DNA is telling us! Learning Goals The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Key concepts include: 1. prediction of inheritance of

More information

Unit 10: Genetics. Chapter 9: Read P

Unit 10: Genetics. Chapter 9: Read P Unit 10: Genetics Chapter 9: Read P. 145-167 10.0 Genetics The Definition of Genetics The study of heredity and how traits are passed on through generations. Gregor Mendel: The Father of Genetics Gregor

More information

6E identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes

6E identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes 6E identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes 1. This illustration is an example of a normal DNA sequence. Which of the following represents a point mutation

More information

What DNA is telling us!

What DNA is telling us! Genetics What DNA is telling us! Learning Goals The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Key concepts include: 1. prediction of inheritance of

More information

Text Reference: Ch and 12-2

Text Reference: Ch and 12-2 Text Reference: Ch. 12-1 and 12-2 Name Date Block Part I: Short Answer/ Completion 1. What combination of sex chromosomes produces a female? 2. What combination of sex chromosomes produces a male? 3. Which

More information

Heredity & Genetic Engineering. Human Chromosomes Review. Human body cells, called somatic cells, have 46 chromosomes (diploid number)

Heredity & Genetic Engineering. Human Chromosomes Review. Human body cells, called somatic cells, have 46 chromosomes (diploid number) Heredity & Genetic Engineering Human Chromosomes Review Human body cells, called somatic cells, have 46 chromosomes (diploid number) Gametes have 23 chromosomes (haploid number) Zygote = fertilized egg

More information

Part I: Predicting Genetic Outcomes

Part I: Predicting Genetic Outcomes Part I: Predicting Genetic Outcomes Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is found in every cell of living organisms, and all of the cells in each organism contain the exact same copy of that organism s DNA. Because

More information

Mutations. What is a mutation? a mutation is a change in the sequence of bases in DNA mutations may result in the production of defective proteins

Mutations. What is a mutation? a mutation is a change in the sequence of bases in DNA mutations may result in the production of defective proteins Mutations What is a mutation? a mutation is a change in the sequence of bases in DNA mutations may result in the production of defective proteins Mutations What environmental factors may cause mutations

More information

Bell Work. 2.Look at these two nucleotide sequences: ATTGCGCCGTA and ATTGCGCAGTA. What type of mutation is shown in the second sequence?

Bell Work. 2.Look at these two nucleotide sequences: ATTGCGCCGTA and ATTGCGCAGTA. What type of mutation is shown in the second sequence? Bell Work 1.What does a pedigree show? 2.Look at these two nucleotide sequences: ATTGCGCCGTA and ATTGCGCAGTA. What type of mutation is shown in the second sequence? 3.What is the mutation called when a

More information

January 11, Genetics with DNA.notebook. Genetics

January 11, Genetics with DNA.notebook. Genetics Genetics 1.DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a chemical code that contains information for an organisms growth and function. It is found in the nucleus of all cells. 2. A gene is a section of DNA on a chromosome.the

More information

Table of Contents. Chapter: Heredity. Section 1: Genetics. Section 2: Genetics Since Mendel. Section 3: Biotechnology

Table of Contents. Chapter: Heredity. Section 1: Genetics. Section 2: Genetics Since Mendel. Section 3: Biotechnology Table of Contents Chapter: Heredity Section 1: Genetics Section 2: Genetics Since Mendel Section 3: Biotechnology 1 Genetics Inheriting Traits Eye color, nose shape, and many other physical features are

More information

Revision on The Third Quarter G8 Biology ( )

Revision on The Third Quarter G8 Biology ( ) Revision on The Third Quarter 8 iology ( 2017-2018 ) Multiple hoice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1 Which of these traits is controlled by a gene with multiple

More information

Genetics Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Genetics Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Genetics Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 41. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele

More information

Gregor Mendel traits Heredity Genetics

Gregor Mendel traits Heredity Genetics Unit 6 Notes In 1851, Gregor Mendel (a priest from Europe) taught high school and maintained the monastery s garden In the garden, Mendel grew hundreds of pea plants and began noticing that they had different

More information

Mutations, Genetic Testing and Engineering

Mutations, Genetic Testing and Engineering Mutations, Genetic Testing and Engineering Objectives Describe how techniques such as DNA fingerprinting, genetic modifications, and chromosomal analysis are used to study the genomes of organisms (TEKS

More information

Regents Biology REVIEW 5: GENETICS

Regents Biology REVIEW 5: GENETICS Period Date REVIEW 5: GENETICS 1. Chromosomes: a. Humans have chromosomes, or homologous pairs. Homologous: b. Chromosome pairs carry genes for the same traits. Most organisms have two copies of the gene

More information

Genetics and Human Inheritance

Genetics and Human Inheritance BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 20 Genetics and Human Inheritance Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University

More information

Goal 3. Friday, May 10, 13

Goal 3. Friday, May 10, 13 Goal 3 Bio.3.1 Explain how traits are determined by the structure and function of DNA. Bio.3.2 Understand how the environment, and/or the interaction of alleles, influences the expression of genetic traits.

More information

Chapter 11 Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity

Chapter 11 Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity Chapter 11 Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity 11.1 Basic Patterns of Human Inheritance o The inheritance of a trait over can be shown in a o Pedigrees can help us to track and understand Genetic Disorders

More information

3. A form of a gene that is only expressed in the absence of a dominant alternative is:

3. A form of a gene that is only expressed in the absence of a dominant alternative is: Student Name: Teacher: Date: District: Robeson Assessment: 9_12 Agriculture AU71 - Biotech and Agrisci Rsch I Test 3 Description: Obj 12 - Simple Mendelian Genetics Form: 501 1. The genotype of an organism

More information

Page 3. 18) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology.

Page 3. 18) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology. Name: 1117 1 Page 1 1) A small amount of DNA was taken from a fossil of a mammoth found frozen in glacial ice. Genetic technology can be used to produce a large quantity of identical DNA from this mammoth's

More information

DNA and DNA Replication

DNA and DNA Replication Name Period PreAP Biology QCA 2 Review Your EOS exam is approximately 70 MC questions. This review, coupled with your QCA 1 review you received in October should lead you back through the important concepts

More information

4. Base your answer to the following question on A product of genetic engineering technology is represented below.

4. Base your answer to the following question on A product of genetic engineering technology is represented below. name 1. When humans first domesticated dogs, there was relatively little diversity in the species. Today, there are many variations such as the German shepherd and the dalmatian. This increase in diversity

More information

Advances in Genetics #101

Advances in Genetics #101 Questions: Five study Questions EQ1: What are 3 ways of producing organisms with desired traits? EQ2: What are 2 applications of DNA technology in human genetics? Like your fingerprints, your DNA is different

More information

DNA & DNA Replication

DNA & DNA Replication DNA & DNA Replication DNA Structure How did Watson and Crick contribute to our understanding of genetics? Watson and Crick developed the double helix model for DNA DNA Structure What is a double helix?

More information

of heritable factor ). 1. The alternative versions of genes are called alleles. Chapter 9 Patterns of Inheritance

of heritable factor ). 1. The alternative versions of genes are called alleles. Chapter 9 Patterns of Inheritance Chapter 9 Biology and Society: Our Longest-Running Genetic Experiment: Dogs Patterns of Inheritance People have selected and mated dogs with preferred traits for more than 15,000 years. Over thousands

More information

EOC Review Reporting Category 2 Mechanisms of Genetics

EOC Review Reporting Category 2 Mechanisms of Genetics EOC Review Reporting Category 2 Mechanisms of Genetics The student will demonstrate an understanding of the mechanisms of genetics. Langham Creek High School 2012-2013 By PresenterMedia.com TEK 6A Identify

More information

Subterm 2 Final Review Guide

Subterm 2 Final Review Guide Name: Date: Period: Subterm 2 Final Review Guide *** This review guide is only some of what you should know for the final. Make sure you study ALL of your notes and any diagrams that are appropriate (Pedigrees,

More information

Genetics Sperm Meiotic cell division Egg Chromosome Segments of DNA Code DNA for traits Code for a trait Gene

Genetics Sperm Meiotic cell division Egg Chromosome Segments of DNA Code DNA for traits Code for a trait Gene Genetics The Study of Inherited Characteristics Meiosis in the Gonads makes gametes: Sperm Meiotic cell division Egg Chromosome DNA Code for Gene Segments of DNA Code Code for a trait Hair Color Eye Color

More information

Chapter Human Chromosomes

Chapter Human Chromosomes Chapter 14-2 Human Chromosomes I. Human Genes and Chromosomes A. Average gene has 3000 nucleotide base pairs B. Largest more than 2 million nucleotide base pair Base pairs C. Portions of chromosome contain

More information

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application BIOTECHNOLOGY Understanding the Application GENETIC ENGINEERING Genetic engineering refers to any process in which man alters an organism s DNA Examples: cloning, genetically modified organisms (GMO),

More information

Applied Practice. Inheritance, Genetic Mutations, and DNA Technology STAAR Biology EOC

Applied Practice. Inheritance, Genetic Mutations, and DNA Technology STAAR Biology EOC Applied Practice Inheritance, Genetic Mutations, and DNA Technology STAAR Biology EOC RESOURCE GUIDE Volume 4 Copyright 2013 by Applied Practice All rights reserved. No part of the Answer Key and Explanations

More information

Keystone Biology Remediation B2: Genetics

Keystone Biology Remediation B2: Genetics Keystone Biology Remediation B2: Genetics Assessment Anchors: to describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (i.e. dominant, recessive, codominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic,

More information

Assessment Builder - Printer Friendly Version. Name: Date:

Assessment Builder - Printer Friendly Version. Name: Date: Assessment Builder - Printer Friendly Version 1 Name: Date: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Which statement best describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins? (1) Cells contain DNA that controls

More information

dominance neither trait is dominant; in a hybrid condition, there is a blending in the phenotype.

dominance neither trait is dominant; in a hybrid condition, there is a blending in the phenotype. Genetics NAME Period Date dominance neither trait is dominant; in a hybrid condition, there is a blending in the phenotype. - a condition when both alleles show up in

More information

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application BELLRINGER-5/4/15 1. What method would you guess forensic scientists use to identify criminals at crime scenes? 2. What do you think we mean by the term biotechnology? BIOTECHNOLOGY Understanding the Application

More information

Name: Review HW 20 Mendelian Genetics and Humn Inheritance

Name: Review HW 20 Mendelian Genetics and Humn Inheritance Name: Review HW 20 Bio AP Mendelian Genetics and Humn Inheritance 1. Four genes on a chromosome C are mapped and their crossover frequencies were determined. Genes Crossover Frequency K and J 10 J and

More information

GENETICS. +he is considered the +he developed the of genetics that still apply today

GENETICS. +he is considered the +he developed the of genetics that still apply today GENETICS MENDELIAN GENETICS *A Historical Representation of Mendel s Work ---Who was Gregor Mendel? +he is considered the +he developed the of genetics that still apply today ---How did Mendel describe

More information

Human Genetics and Biotechnology Worksheets

Human Genetics and Biotechnology Worksheets Human Genetics and Biotechnology Worksheets Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D. (DWilkin) Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) To access a customizable version of this

More information

Mendel & Inheritance. SC.912.L.16.1 Use Mendel s laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance.

Mendel & Inheritance. SC.912.L.16.1 Use Mendel s laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance. Mendel & Inheritance SC.912.L.16.1 Use Mendel s laws of segregation and independent assortment Mendel s Law of Segregation: gene pairs separate when gametes (sex cells) are formed; each gamete as only

More information

UNIT MOLECULAR GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT MOLECULAR GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIT MOLECULAR GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Standard B-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the molecular basis of heredity. B-4.1-4,8,9 Effective June 2008 All Indicators in Standard B-4

More information

Reproduction, Heredity, & Molecular Genetics. A. lipids B. amino acids C. nucleotides D. polysaccarides

Reproduction, Heredity, & Molecular Genetics. A. lipids B. amino acids C. nucleotides D. polysaccarides Name: Date: 1. A strand of DNA consists of thousands of smaller, repeating units known as A. lipids B. amino acids C. nucleotides D. polysaccarides 2. Which two bases are present in equal amounts in a

More information

Genetics T H E S T U D Y O F H E R E D I T Y

Genetics T H E S T U D Y O F H E R E D I T Y Genetics T H E S T U D Y O F H E R E D I T Y Basic Vocabulary Genetics: The science of heredity Heredity The passing of physical characteristics (traits) from parents to offspring How does an organism

More information

Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance

Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance Chapter 14. Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance 1 Extending Mendelian genetics Mendel worked with a simple system peas are genetically simple most traits are controlled by a single gene each gene has only

More information

Name Date Class. In the space at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or answers each question.

Name Date Class. In the space at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or answers each question. Chapter Test A CHAPTER 11 Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity Part A: Multiple Choice In the space at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or answers each

More information

Genetic Engineering (g.e)

Genetic Engineering (g.e) Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering: The development and application procedures, and technologies that allow you to directly manipulate an organisms DNA We can manipulate DNA and

More information

Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity

Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity Before You Read Use the What I Know column to list the things you know about human heredity and genetics. Then list the questions you have about these topics in the

More information

Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 2. How did Mendel s scientific work differ from the work of T. A. Knight?

Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 2. How did Mendel s scientific work differ from the work of T. A. Knight? Name Date Class CHAPTER 8 DIRECTED READING Mendel and Heredity Section 8-1: The Origins of Genetics Mendel and Others Studied Garden-Pea Traits 1. What did T. A. Knight discover? 2. How did Mendel s scientific

More information

Genetic engineering is technology that involves the of one organism in order to the DNA of organism.

Genetic engineering is technology that involves the of one organism in order to the DNA of organism. NAME CLASS DATE Unit 7: Biotech, Protein Synthesis, & Mutation Notes- PAP Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is technology that involves the of one organism in order to the DNA of organism. Genetic

More information

Genetics 2 star. 1. Two different types of cells from an organism are shown. A. cause mutations to occur

Genetics 2 star. 1. Two different types of cells from an organism are shown. A. cause mutations to occur Name: Date: 1. Two different types of cells from an organism are shown. 3. Plants inherit genes that enable them to produce chlorophyll, but this pigment is not produced unless the plants are exposed to

More information

BIOL 1030 Introduction to Biology: Organismal Biology. Spring 2011 Section A. Steve Thompson:

BIOL 1030 Introduction to Biology: Organismal Biology. Spring 2011 Section A. Steve Thompson: BIOL 1030 Introduction to Biology: Organismal Biology. Spring 2011 Section A Steve Thompson: stthompson@valdosta.edu http://www.bioinfo4u.net 1 Human genetics Naturally the genetics of our own species,

More information

Gregor Mendel solved the puzzle of heredity

Gregor Mendel solved the puzzle of heredity 11.1 Mendel and the Garden Pea Heredity: the tendency for traits to be passed from parent to offspring heritable features: characters traits are alternative forms of a character Genes Alleles loci Gregor

More information

13-1 Changing the Living World

13-1 Changing the Living World 13-1 Changing the Living World In the past, variation was limited to the variations already in nature or random variations that resulted from mutations. Now, scientists can change DNA and swap genes from

More information

1. (a) Define sex linkage... State one example of sex linkage... Key. 1st generation. Male. Female

1. (a) Define sex linkage... State one example of sex linkage... Key. 1st generation. Male. Female 1. Define sex linkage. State one example of sex linkage. Draw a simple pedigree chart that clearly shows sex linkage in humans. Use conventional symbols. Start with an affected woman and an unaffected

More information

Chapter 14: Genes in Action

Chapter 14: Genes in Action Chapter 14: Genes in Action Section 1: Mutation and Genetic Change Mutation: Nondisjuction: a failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate

More information

Human Chromosomes Section 14.1

Human Chromosomes Section 14.1 Human Chromosomes Section 14.1 In Today s class. We will look at Human chromosome and karyotypes Autosomal and Sex chromosomes How human traits are transmitted How traits can be traced through entire families

More information

Standard B-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the molecular basis of heredity.

Standard B-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the molecular basis of heredity. B-4.1 Compare DNA and RNA in terms of structure, nucleotides, and base pairs. Taxonomy Level: 2.6-B Understand Conceptual Knowledge Key Concepts: Nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic

More information

UNIT III: Genetics Chapter 9 Frontiers of Biotechnology

UNIT III: Genetics Chapter 9 Frontiers of Biotechnology UNIT III: Genetics Chapter 9 Frontiers of Biotechnology I. Manipulating DNA (9.1) A. Scientists use several techniques to manipulate DNA 1. DNA is a very large molecule 2. Still to small to see or work

More information

Biology Handout "Modern Genetics"

Biology Handout Modern Genetics Biology Handout 13-14 "Modern Genetics" Name: 2950-1 - Page 1 1) Which statement best describes human insulin that is produced by genetically engineered bacteria? A) This insulin is produced as a result

More information

Guided Notes Unit 5: Molecular Genetics

Guided Notes Unit 5: Molecular Genetics Name: Date: Block: Chapter 8: From DNA to Protein I. Concept 8.4: Transcription a. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology i. Information flows in one direction: ii. How? Guided Notes Unit 5: Molecular Genetics

More information

GENETICS: BIOLOGY HSA REVIEW

GENETICS: BIOLOGY HSA REVIEW GENETICS: BIOLOGY HSA REVIEW HSA Review A. Matching: On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition of each term. a. genetics f. gamete b. trait g. probability c. hybrid h. Punnett square d.

More information

If you had 3 clones, what would you get them to do?! Aim high: How would you clone yourself?!

If you had 3 clones, what would you get them to do?! Aim high: How would you clone yourself?! If you had 3 clones, what would you get them to do?! Aim high: How would you clone yourself?! Genetic engineering Genetic and environmental differences B1.6 Variation Inheritance Types of reproduction

More information

Scrambling information

Scrambling information Scrambling information Introduction to Genetics GENETICS branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation of organisms. Chromosomes carry the hereditary information (genes) Arrangement of nucleotides

More information

Fundamentals of Genetics. 4. Name the 7 characteristics, giving both dominant and recessive forms of the pea plants, in Mendel s experiments.

Fundamentals of Genetics. 4. Name the 7 characteristics, giving both dominant and recessive forms of the pea plants, in Mendel s experiments. Fundamentals of Genetics 1. What scientist is responsible for our study of heredity? 2. Define heredity. 3. What plant did Mendel use for his hereditary experiments? 4. Name the 7 characteristics, giving

More information

Human Genetic Diseases non mutation

Human Genetic Diseases non mutation Page 1 of 10 Human Genetic Diseases non mutation These are diseases that normally occur because of gene inheritance rather than mutations. 1. Autosomal Recessive Inheritance This is the inheritance of

More information

Introduction. Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Introduction. Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Introduction It was not until 1900 that biology finally caught up with Gregor Mendel. 3 guys made him famous. Factors = genes located on chromosomes, which are made of the chemical DNA, whose function

More information

objective To Study basics of DNA Structure Properties Replication Transcription Translation

objective To Study basics of DNA Structure Properties Replication Transcription Translation Basics of DNA Dr. Amol Kharat objective To Study basics of DNA Structure Properties Replication Transcription Translation Cellular composition DNA is contained in nucleus of cell Phospho-lipids and proteins

More information

Quiz will begin at 10:00 am. Please Sign In

Quiz will begin at 10:00 am. Please Sign In Quiz will begin at 10:00 am Please Sign In You have 15 minutes to complete the quiz Put all your belongings away, including phones Put your name and date on the top of the page Circle your answer clearly

More information

. Definition The passing down of characteristics from generation to generation resulting in continuity and variation within a species

. Definition The passing down of characteristics from generation to generation resulting in continuity and variation within a species Section 3: The Basics of genetics. Definition The passing down of characteristics from generation to generation resulting in continuity and variation within a species Important Terms. Genes A specific

More information

Biology Milestone: Unit 3 Topics (Growth and Heridity)

Biology Milestone: Unit 3 Topics (Growth and Heridity) Biology Milestone: Unit 3 Topics (Growth and Heridity) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The diagram shows the DNA fingerprints from a blood

More information

environment (diffusion, etc.). High SA:V ratio is favorable. Ex. 6:1 is better than 6:5

environment (diffusion, etc.). High SA:V ratio is favorable. Ex. 6:1 is better than 6:5 Page 21 AP Biology: 2013 Exam Review CONCEPT 4 THE CELL CYCLE AND HEREDITY 1. Cell cycle a. Reason for division- as cells increase in volume, the surface area decreases and demand for material resources

More information

12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: Locating Genes

More information

Name Class Date. a. identify similarities and

Name Class Date. a. identify similarities and Chapter 13 enetic Engineering Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Selective breeding produces a. more offspring.

More information

Mendel and the Gene Idea

Mendel and the Gene Idea Chapter 4 Mendel and the Gene Idea PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan

More information

GENETICS. I. Review of DNA/RNA A. Basic Structure DNA 3 parts that make up a nucleotide chains wrap around each other to form a

GENETICS. I. Review of DNA/RNA A. Basic Structure DNA 3 parts that make up a nucleotide chains wrap around each other to form a GENETICS I. Review of DNA/RNA A. Basic Structure DNA 3 parts that make up a nucleotide 1. 2. 3. chains wrap around each other to form a Chains run in opposite direction known as Type of bond between the

More information

CHAPTER 13. Genetic Engineering

CHAPTER 13. Genetic Engineering CHAPTER 13 Genetic Engineering 13-1 Changing the Living World Choosing the best traits for breeding Most domestic animals are products of SB Even Cows, Sheep, & Pigs All Products of Selective Breeding

More information

Chapter 12 notes.notebook May 28, 2015 Science 24: Dec 11th

Chapter 12 notes.notebook May 28, 2015 Science 24: Dec 11th Science 24: Dec 11th 1. Introduction to Inheritance and Genes 2. Structure of DNA and chromosomes 3. Building DNA models Can you... Roll Not Roll Do you have a widow's peak? W.P. Straight hairline What

More information

Understanding Sources of Variation. Part 1: Variation Overview (

Understanding Sources of Variation. Part 1: Variation Overview ( Name: Per. Date: Understanding Sources of Variation Part 1: Variation Overview (http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/variation/sources/) After watching the variation presentation, answer the following

More information

Enzyme that uses RNA as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA

Enzyme that uses RNA as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA Biology 105: Introduction to Genetics PRACTICE FINAL EXAM 2006 Part I: Definitions Homology: Comparison of two or more protein or DNA sequence to ascertain similarities in sequences. If two genes have

More information

Unit 5 - Genetics. Page 1

Unit 5 - Genetics. Page 1 Living Environment Practice Exam- Parts A and B-1 1. Many years ago, a scientist grew pea plants that produced wrinkled peas. The peas from these plants produced new plants that also produced wrinkled

More information

Biology 40S: Course Outline Monday-Friday Slot 1, 8:45 AM 9:45 AM Room 311 Teacher: John Howden Phone:

Biology 40S: Course Outline Monday-Friday Slot 1, 8:45 AM 9:45 AM Room 311 Teacher: John Howden   Phone: The course is designed to help students develop and demonstrate an understanding of the biological concepts of genetics and biodiversity through scientific inquiry, problem solving, personal reflection

More information

Genetics 1 Star Test

Genetics 1 Star Test Name: ate: 1. The accompanying data table summarizes the results of an investigation in which seeds from the same plant were grown under different conditions of temperature and relative humidity. 2. The

More information

Happy Monday! Have out: 15.1 Notes (due today) Pen or pencil. Upcoming: 15.1 Quiz on block day 15.2 Notes due Friday (2/1)

Happy Monday! Have out: 15.1 Notes (due today) Pen or pencil. Upcoming: 15.1 Quiz on block day 15.2 Notes due Friday (2/1) Happy Monday! Have out: 15.1 Notes (due today) Pen or pencil Upcoming: 15.1 Quiz on block day 15.2 Notes due Friday (2/1) Plan for today Check 15.1 Notes Go over 15.1 Practice problems 15.1: Human Chromosomes

More information

GENETICS. Genetics developed from curiosity about inheritance.

GENETICS. Genetics developed from curiosity about inheritance. GENETICS Genetics developed from curiosity about inheritance. SMP - 2013 1 Genetics The study of heredity (how traits are passed from one generation to the next (inherited) An inherited trait of an individual

More information

Origins of Biotechnology

Origins of Biotechnology What Is Biotechnology? Origins of Biotechnology the use of living organisms to develop or make useful products improve plants or animals to develop microorganisms for specific uses Although it seems like

More information

DNA segment: T A C T G T G G C A A A

DNA segment: T A C T G T G G C A A A DNA Structure, Replication, Protein Synthesis & Name Period Genetics Study Guide Chapter 12 and 13 Structure of DNA and Protein Synthesis 1. What macromolecule is coded for by genes located on DNA? Provide

More information

Activity 3.3.1: How is DNA Passed through the Generations?

Activity 3.3.1: How is DNA Passed through the Generations? Activity 3.3.1: How is DNA Passed through the Generations? Introduction In the previous activities, you learned that Anna Garcia lived with a life altering disease called sickle cell anemia. Unlike the

More information

AP Biology. Extending Mendelian genetics. Chapter 14. Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance. Incomplete dominance. Incomplete dominance.

AP Biology. Extending Mendelian genetics. Chapter 14. Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance. Incomplete dominance. Incomplete dominance. female / eggs Chapter 14. Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance Extending Mendelian genetics Mendel worked with a simple system peas are genetically simple most traits are controlled by a single gene each

More information

Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10

Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10 Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following has the disadvantage of possibly bringing

More information

Gen e e n t e i t c c V a V ri r abi b li l ty Biolo l gy g Lec e tur u e e 9 : 9 Gen e et e ic I n I her e itan a ce

Gen e e n t e i t c c V a V ri r abi b li l ty Biolo l gy g Lec e tur u e e 9 : 9 Gen e et e ic I n I her e itan a ce Genetic Variability Biology 102 Lecture 9: Genetic Inheritance Asexual reproduction = daughter cells genetically identical to parent (clones) Sexual reproduction = offspring are genetic hybrids Tendency

More information

Chp 10 Patterns of Inheritance

Chp 10 Patterns of Inheritance Chp 10 Patterns of Inheritance Dogs, one of human s longest genetic experiments Over 1,000 s of years, humans have chosen and mated dogs with specific traits. A process called -artificial selection The

More information

Genetics Transcription Translation Replication

Genetics Transcription Translation Replication Genetics Transcription Translation Replication 1. Which statement best describes the relationship between an allele and a gene? A. An allele is a variation of a gene that can be expressed as a phenotype.

More information

AS91159 Demonstrate understanding of gene expression

AS91159 Demonstrate understanding of gene expression AS91159 Demonstrate understanding of gene expression Mutations and Metabolic Pathways (2015,2) In 1941 biologists George Beadle and Edward Tatum exposed the bread mould Neurospora crassa to radiation.

More information

Introduction. Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Introduction. Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Introduction It was not until 1900 that biology finally caught up with Gregor Mendel. Let s read Short History 391-393 3 guys made him famous. Factors = genes located on chromosomes, which are made of

More information

Introduction to Cells

Introduction to Cells Introduction to Cells Key terms: Cell Microscopy Nucleus Organelle Micrograph Cytoplasm Define: Cell Microscopy Cell structure Today, all of biology is based on an understanding of what is going on within

More information

Physical Anthropology 1 Milner-Rose

Physical Anthropology 1 Milner-Rose Physical Anthropology 1 Milner-Rose Chapter 3 Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation Our Origins By Clark Spencer Larsen Natural Selection operates on the levels of the 1. living, behaving

More information

Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance

Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance Chapter 14. Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance Modified from Kim Foglia Extending Mendelian genetics Mendel worked with a simple system peas are genetically simple most traits are controlled by a single

More information

3. Protein(s)or polypeptide(s): a. are a chain of amino acids b. is a rare molecule in an organism

3. Protein(s)or polypeptide(s): a. are a chain of amino acids b. is a rare molecule in an organism 2018 Iowa FFA Ag Biotechnology CDE General Knowledge Exam 1. A plant breeder makes a cross between two plants that are both the genotype Aa (Aa X Aa). How many different genotypes with respect to the A,a

More information

Huether and McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 5 th Edition

Huether and McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 5 th Edition Huether and McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 5 th Edition Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A nurse recalls the basic components of DNA are: a. Pentose sugars and

More information