Knowledge Booklet: Paper 1 Processes

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2 Knowledge Booklet: Paper Processes Big Questions and Vocabulary How do substances move in and out of cells? What is cell division? How do substances move around plants? How do we defend against disease? Why is photosynthesis and respiration so important? Active Transport The movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy transferred during respiration. Antibody A protein produced by white blood cells in the response to the presence of an antigen. Communicable disease A disease that can spread between individuals. Enzyme A protein that acts as a biological catalyst. Measles A viral disease that causes a red skin rash and fever. Osmosis The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. Risk Factor Something that is linked to an increased likelihood that a person will develop a certain disease. Aerobic Respiration The reactions involved in breaking down glucose using oxygen. Antigen A molecule on the surface of a cell. A foreign antigen will trigger an immune response. Malaria A disease caused by a protest and spread by mosquito, which causes repeating episodes of fever. Gonorrhoea A sexually transmitted bacterial disease. Mitosis A type of cell division where a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two identical offspring. Phagocytosis The process by which white blood cells engulf foreign cell and digest them. Translocation The movement of dissolved sugars around a plant, through the phloem. Anaerobic Respiration The incomplete breakdown of glucose without the use of oxygen. Pathogen An organism that causes disease. Could be bacteria, virus, fungi or protozoa. Diffusion The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. HIV A virus that attacks the immune system cells so that eventually it cannot cope with other infections or cancers. It causes AIDS. Non -Communicable disease A disease that cannot be spread between individuals. Photosynthesis The process by which plants use energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Transpiration stream The movement of water from a plants roots, through the xylem and out of the leaves.

3 Mitosis Anaerobic Respiration Animals Plants

4 Translocation and Transcription Lock and Key model Enzymes How cancer spreads How vaccinations work

5 Knowledge Booklet: Paper Processes Practice exam questions Q. Some infections are caused by bacteria. (a) Linking two topics cell biology and infection and (b) response The genetic material is arranged differently in the cells of bacteria compared with animal and plant cells. Make sure you only write two things! Describe two differences. (2) Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by bacteria. The table below shows the number of cases of TB in different regions of southern England from Number of cases of TB per people Year London South East South West You need to use the data from both of the other columns here to ensure you get full marks (i) How does the number of cases of TB for London compare with the rest of southern England? ()

6 Again you must use the table here (ii) (iii) Describe the pattern in the data for cases of TB in the South East. Describe the pattern in the data for cases of TB in the South West. () (2) (c) (i) On the graph paper below: plot the number of cases of TB in London label both the axes on the graph draw a line of best fit. They have already given you the graph structure just plot accurately and include a line of best fit (remember only between the first and last points) (4) (ii) Suggest why a student thought the value for 2005 in London was anomalous. () (d) People can be vaccinated against TB. Suggest how a vaccination programme would reduce the number of people with TB. Details of how a vaccine works are not required. (Total 3 marks)

7 Knowledge Booklet: Paper Processes Practice answers Q. (a) any two from: only one chromosome allow one strand of DNA circular allow loop may have plasmids not in a nucleus / no nucleus 2 (b) (i) any one from: (ii) (iii) London is much higher or converse more variable / wider range allow on average it is 5 / 6 times greater increases Included figures must be correct overall slight increase accept doesn t change much variable / goes up and down (c) (i) both axes correctly labelled x = Year y = Number of cases correct points all correct = 2 marks -2 errors = mark > 2 errors = 0 marks suitable line of best fit accept straight line or smooth curve 2 (ii) doesn t fit the pattern / line of best fit (d) provides immunity / protection (to TB) ignore stops people catching it ignore resistance prevents TB spreading accept ref to herd immunity

8 Useful Websites 22&sort=dd Primrose Kitten you tube revision lessons on whole of the GCSE content BBC bitesize my science GCSE free revision videos can purchase a subscription for all of the content! - my free science lessons does what it says on the tin! Free lessons reviewing all of the GCSE content Wider Reading Remember to use your revision guide, work book and exercise books to help with your revision too