NaNoplasmid TM. Platform SIZE MATTERS SMALLER IS BETTER

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1 Nanoplasmid TM Platform NaNoplasmid TM The Nanoplasmid is a dramatically improved Key Cassette (<500 bp) that is designed to replace antiquated bacterial backbones that have for decades been the industry standard in DNA vectors. It is perfect for gene and cell therapeutics, DNA vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and for improving the performance and titers of existing viral and transposon vectors. Easily fermentable in E. coli, there are no downstream modifications or antibiotics required. The Nanoplasmid platform outperforms other systems. This gives our partners a competitive edge and, by relying on a virtual team at NTC, helps them concentrate on what is most important: advancing rapidly through preclinical and clinical testing of their genes of choice. SIZE MATTERS SMALLER IS BETTER The Nanoplasmid Key Cassette (<500 bp) leaves more space for you to efficiently express your genes of interest. The small size of the prokaryotic region is below the limits of susceptibility for gene inactivation or disruption of cellular gene transcription, which are ubiquitously associated with plasmid vectors.

2 THE KEYSTONE Typical plasmids used in gene therapy and immunotherapy contain 1.5 to 2 kb of bacterial regions and unnecessary junk DNA. If these prokaryotic sequences are more than about 1 kb, they can trigger plasmid silencing in target cells and tissues, and often disrupt regulation of large numbers of cellular genes. These bacterial regions represent plasmid replicons, antibioticresistance markers and other unnecessary sequences. Regulatory agencies advise their removal. Until recently, this was usually done by trimming or gutting the plasmid bacterial regions after plasmid purification, a laborious process associated with a variety of vectors with clever names like minicircles, doggybones or MIDGES. By contrast, the R6K origin of replication and RNA-OUT selectable marker are your keys to success. The RNA-OUT (antisense RNA) selectable marker substitutes sucrose tolerance for antibiotic resistance. Additionally, RNA-OUT appears to provide an enhancer effect, boosting gene expression significantly over plasmids with antibioticresistance markers. Both the R6K origin of replication and the RNA-OUT marker have been tested in multiple clinical trials with no serious adverse events reported. It is so small, it s below the limit of susceptibility (about 1 kb) to gene silencing. Plus costly removal of extraneous DNA is not necessary. TYPICAL PLASMIDS NANOPLASMIDS UP-REGULATED DOWN-REGULATED UP-REGULATED Typical plasmids can trigger disruptions in cell processes while the small bacterial backbone of the Nanoplasmid platform causes less disruption. 2

3 Comparison of attributes: plasmids, minicircles and nanoplasmids Plasmid Minicircle Nanoplasmid TM Bacterial Region Size >1.5 kb 100 bp <500 bp Transfection No Transfection No Transfection Transgene No Transgene No Transgene Transgene Enhancer Low Transgene Low Transgene High Transgene Selection Antibiotic Antibiotic Sucrose Type of Selection Marker Protein Protein RNA Manufacturing Yield High Yield Low Yield High Yield Scalability of Manufacturing Yield Scalable Complex Scalable Safety puc Promiscuous puc Promiscuous R6K Strain Restricted Common plasmid replicons, such as puc vectors, replicate promiscuously in gram negative bacteria. This spreads antibiotic resistance to the environment. However, the R6K origin of replication requires a proprietary NTC strain of E. coli K12 that expresses the replication protein required for Nanoplasmid propagation. Nanoplasmids are unable to replicate outside of this strain, enhancing safety. 3

4 seap UnIts* Increased expression days pvax1 cmv promoter ntc vectors versus pvax1 (IM delivery of museap vector to Fisher rat) ADVANTAGES FOR VIRAL VECTORS, GENE THERAPEUTICS AND RETROFITTING There are some key advantages to replacing your viral vector plasmid sequences with the Nanoplasmid platform. First, it is much smaller and more potent, which prevents both transcriptional silencing and perturbation of cellular gene expression. Second, the regulatory compliant, RNA- OUT antibiotic-free marker sequences enhance the expression of viral vector and helper sequences, increasing the titer of virus produced. Third, RNA- OUT prevents the transmission of antibiotic-resistance genes to patients, especially with AAV vectors. DNA VACCINES AND IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS Higher expression levels and longer duration of expression improve antigen expression and immune responses and empower passive immunotherapy (in vivo production of therapeutic antibodies) and adoptive immunotherapy (CAR T -cell therapies for hematological malignancies, etc.) High-Yielding HyperGRO TM Scalable Manufacturing NANOPLASMID TM Improved Improved Duration Safe and Effective Low No Antibiotics Regulatory Compliant CONTINUITY OF PROCESS FROM RESEARCH TO COMMERCIALIZATION Patented higher-yield manufacturing process vs. alternatives Optimized yield for efficient production of high-potency, high-quality compounds up to 3.5 grams per liter Scalable (investigational or commercial quantities) 4

5 ANTIBIOTIC-FREE SELECTION The Nanoplasmid Key Cassette replaces antibiotic resistance with sucrose-based selection Eliminate antibiotic markers from potential human therapies R6K origin of replication is combined with the RNA-OUT bacterial backbone, which uses non-coding antisense RNA to replace antibioticmarker resistance with sucrose tolerance. The Nanoplasmid Key Cassette can be retrofitted onto almost any vector that uses antibiotic markers, including most viral vectors and transposons. mrna SAFE AND EFFECTIVE All platform components demonstrated as safe in multiple clinical trials Gentle on cells low transfection toxicity in vitro or in vivo Non-promiscuous, replicates only in the Nanoplasmid E coli host strain Higher levels of gene expression than minicircles, etc. Greater potency, longer duration 5

6 YOUR VIRTUAL PARTNER IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY For twenty years, industry clients have counted on NTC to create gene expression systems for a variety of purposes. Our experts listen to and offer suggestions in the design, testing and manufacture of their genetically expressed therapeutics and vaccines. Nanoplasmid technology delivers safe and effective design, development and manufacturing of gene-based therapeutics, DNA vaccines and immunotherapeutic products. Retrofit viral and non-viral vectors to Nature Technology s regulatory-compliant antibiotic-free selection tool. HyperGRO the companion fermentation process for manufacturing Nanoplasmids and traditional plasmid technology is a high-yield, efficient process. It is used to make research grade product at NTC and is licensed to respected cgmp contract manufacturers. Nanoplasmids and HyperGRO are trademarks of Nature Technology Corporation. CONTACT US TODAY FOR A FREE CONSULTATION WITH AN EXPERT MOLECULAR BIOLOGIST. NATURE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 4701 Innovation Drive, Suite 103, Lincoln, Nebraska Phone: (402) Fax: (402) support@natx.com