LC/MS. Why is it the fastest growing analytical technique?

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Warren Dalton
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1 LC/MS Why is it the fastest growing analytical technique?

2 Discussion topics Evolution of LC/MS Advantages of API Why should I use LC/MS? LC/MS markets

3 Evolution of LC/MS interfaces 1970s to Present Moving belt interface (EI and CI, library searchable) Dynamic FAB (low flow rates, very fiddly) TSP ionisation (first widely used LC/MS interface) Atmospheric Pressure Ionisation (ESI and APCI)

4 Advantages of API Soft ionisation (gives the molecular weight) Sensitive (low pg amounts routinely) Robust, simple, run routinely 24 hr/day Wide range of flow rates (nanospray to analytical) Wide range of applications (drugs, proteins) Wide range of industries

5 API Publications Halket JM and Down S, LC/MS Update, HD Science, Nottingham

6 LC/MS for shorter analysis times Example : MS vs photo diode array detector for the analysis of steroids

7 Steroid standards, 25ng injected hydrocortisone 1.9 deoxycorticosterone 1.0 ml/min 60/40 MeOH/Water/1% HOAC 4.6 mm X 3.3 C18 column progesterone methyltestosterone Minutes

8 PDA spectra of standard steroids deoxycorticosterone hydrocortisone methyltestosterone progesterone

9 MS Spectra of steroids 331 deoxycorticosterone 363 hydrocortisone Relative Abundance Relative Abundance Relative Abundance 303 methyltestosterone 315 progesterone Relative Abundance

10 LC/MS for shorter analysis times What happens if we speed up the chromatography? (from 60/40 to 90/10 MeOH/Water)

11 Detection by UV Steroids coelute No distinguishing UV spectra

12 Detection by MS methyltestosterone 331 Relative Abundance 315 progesterone deoxycorticosterone hydrocortisone m/z

13 LC/MS shorter run times Changing from 6 to 2 min / sample means : 10 samp / hr 30 samp / hr 80 samp / day 240 samp / day 20,000 samp / yr 60,000 samp /yr

14 Did This Horse Win The Race Legally? A wide variety of drugs are dosed to horses to enhance performance during racing.

15 Thermo Separation Products Frequently used analgesics CH 3 OH H 3 C O O O N N Naproxen H 3 C O Phenylbutazone HO O H N Cl CH 3 N H N CH 3 CF 3 Cl COOH Meclofenamic Acid Flunixin

16 Is this peak Flunixin? It has the correct retention time by UV 254 nm 180 N H N CH3 CF COOH mau 140 Flunixin? Minutes

17 LC/MS confirms it to be Flunixin Relative Abundance Flunixin Full Scan MS Time (min) m/z

18 Why should I use LC/MS? Higher sample throughput $ Shorter method development $ Better sensitivity environmental, legislation Unequivocal ID safety

19 LC/MS markets Who uses LC/MS?

20 LC/MS in the pharmaceutical market Drug discovery molecular weight, structural open access combinatorial chemistry Metabolism structural identification and quantification of metabolites Toxicology quantitation

21 LC/MS in the pharmaceutical market Pharmacokinetics quantitation, sensitivity,precision and accuracy pre-clinical and clinical studies Formulation structural, degradation products QC & Production quantitation ID of impurities & unexpected peaks

22 LC/MS in pharmaceutical related markets Contract research organisations quantitation, pre-clinical & clinical trials structural studies Generic drug companies QC and production

23 LC/MS in the biotechnology market Protein characterisation molecular weight, (3D structure) Proteomics rapid peptide sequencing post translational modifications QC confirm sequence & impurities

24 LC/MS in the biotechnology market Nucleotides molecular weight, sequence Carbohydrates molecular weight, sequence

25 LC/MS in the agrochemical market Compound discovery Metabolism Toxicology Pharmacokinetics QC and production

26 LC/MS in industrial markets Organometallics structure Detergents QC, competitors products Polymers molecular weight, structure

27 LC/MS in the environmental market Water ID and quantitation of pollutants Food chemical contaminants natural toxins Animal feeds contaminants, illegal substances

28 LC/MS in the forensic market Scene of crime illegal substances, toxic agents Horse race doping illegal substances Explosives Drugs of abuse urine, hair, banknotes

29 LC/MS in clinical markets Replace immuno assays Drugs of abuse

30 LC/MS in academia Related to all of the above Fundamental research Teaching

31 Predicted market for LC/MS systems Instrument sales ($ million) LC/MS Willoughby R, Sheenan E and Mitrovich S, A Global View of LC/MS, Global View Publishing (1998)

32 Conclusion LC/MS is an established technique Market is growing rapidly LC/MS moving out of the specialised labs into every department Wide variety of LC/MS analyser types Non-specialist users

Pharmaceutical LC/MS Solutions from Agilent Technologies

Pharmaceutical LC/MS Solutions from Agilent Technologies Application Compendium Overview LC/MS plays a key role in the drug discovery and drug development process. Since the introduction of electrospray