Animal Biotechnology: Opportunities & Challenges

Transcription

1 NABC REPORT 4 Animal Biotechnology: Opportunities & Challenges

2 NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY COUNCIL REPORTS *«K«C(y

3 NABC Report 4 Animal Biotechnology: Opportunities & Challenges The National Agricultural Biotechnology Council provides an open forum for the discussion of issues related to the impact of biotechnology on agriculture. The views presented and positions taken by individual participants in this report are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the NABC. NABC grants permission to copy the overview, workshop summaries, concluding remarks and workshop texts. Permission to copy individual presentations is retained by the authors. Copying ofthis report or its parts for resale is expressly prohibited. Photos on cover and pages 23, 73 & 175 courtesy of University Photography, Cornell. Photo on page 1 courtesy of Agricultural Communications, Texas A&M University. Additional copies are available for $5 please make checks or purchase orders payable to: NABC / BTI 159 Biotechnology Building Cornell University Ithaca, NY NABC All rights reserved. ISBN: Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Printed by Braun & Brumfield, Ann Arbor, printed on recycled paper

4 NABC REPORT 4 Animal Biotechnology: Opportunities & Challenges Edited by June Fessenden MacDonald ublished by NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY COUNCIL ITHACA, NEW YORK

5 National Agricultural Biotechnology Council Providing an open forum for exploring issues in agricultural biotechnology. NABC is a consortium of not-for-profit agricultural research and educational institutions established in Member Institutions Boyce Thompson Institute Cornell University Iowa State University Michigan State University Ohio State University Purdue University Rutgers University The Texas A&M University System Tufts University University of California, Davis University of Georgia University of Missouri, Columbia University of Nebraska, Lincoln Other Reports by NABC: NABC REPORT 1, Biotechnology and Sustainable Agriculture: Policy Alterna-tives (1989) NABC REPORT 2, Agricultural Biotechnology, Food Safety and Nutritional Quality for the Consumer (1990) NABC REPORT 3, Agricultural Biotechnology at the Crossroads: Biological, Social and Institutional Concerns (1991)

6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many contributed to the success of the fourth annual NABC meeting and the production of this report. Special thanks goes to the Planning Committee at the host institution, Texas A&M University: co-chairs Paul Thompson and John Shadduck, with Gary Adams, Floyd Byers, Russell Cross, Nancy Turner, Robert Wells and James Womack, and to Gary Varner who organized the optional seminar on ethics and patenting. NABC gratefully acknowledges the help and support of Charles Arntzen, J. Charles Lee, and the Institute of Biosciences and Technology. Also recognized is the important role of the workshop facilitators: Rick Bennett from the North Bay Public Policy and Education Team, Davis, California; Laura Meagher, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Cook College, Rutgers University; Ellen Ritter, Agricultural Communications, Texas A&M University; and Barbara Gastel MD, Journalism, Texas A&M University, as well as the work of the several graduate and undergraduate students who assisted in the meetings success. Special recognition goes to the efficient conference organizational service provided by Barbara Stow, with assistance from Kelly Hancock, of the Center for Biotechnology Policy and Ethics, Texas A&M University. Carolyn Grine of their College of Veterinary Medicine was also most helpful. Very special thanks and recognition goes to Kate O'Hara, Design/Editorial Coordinator, NABC, who is responsible for the overall design and production of this report, not only for the additional work she had with the editor on sabbatical leave, but also for her general oversight of meeting and report details. Finally, the cooperation received during the production of this report from the meeting organizers, presenters, workshop chairs and participants was great and is sincerely appreciated. June Fessenden MacDonald Deputy Director, NABC Editor

7 PREFACE June Fessenden MacDonald Deputy Director, NABC Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology Cornell University The National Agricultural Biotechnology Council (NABC), organized in 1988, added 5 new members in 1992, bringing the total membership to 13 not-for-profit agricultural research and educational institutions. NABC s principal objectives are to: Provide an open forum for persons with different interests and concerns to come together to speak, to listen, to learn and to participate in meaningful dialogue and evaluation of the potential impacts of agricultural biotechnology Define issues and public policy options related to biotechnology in the food, agricultural and environmental areas Promote increased understanding of the scientific, economic, legislative and social issues associated with agricultural biotechnology by compiling and disseminating information to interested people Facilitate active communication among researchers, administrators, policymakers, practitioners and other concerned people to insure that all viewpoints contribute to the safe and efficacious development of biotechnology for the benefit of society Sponsor meetings and workshops and publish and distribute reports that provide a foundation for addressing issues The Fourth Annual NABC Meeting (NABC 4), hosted by the Texas A&M University System, once again demonstrated the importance of an open forum where people with different values and strongly held viewpoints can come together as equal participants in a dialogue on agricultural biotechnology. For some participants it was the first time they had personally met someone with strongly held opposing views and truly listened to their arguments. There was a more diverse group of participants, many attending their first NABC meeting, discussing issues of animal well-being, meat and animal product safety and regulatory policy. The new topic addressed by NABC was the linkages between animal science, veterinary medicine and human medicine and how

8 they could be encouraged since these groups now have limited interaction. While discussions in this area were generally harmonious, the other areas elicited more lively, even contentious, discussions. Still, participants in each workshop were able to reach some areas of consensus. This report, hopefully, communicates some of the flavor of the meeting. The need for real communication and open procedures was never more evident than at NABC 4. Not only was the call for open dialogue sounded in every session, but also the need for improved communication, especially during policy development. Improved communication rivaled animal well-being as the prime topic during informal discussions. The highly publicized announcement of FDA policy one day before the meeting caused many participants, representing all sides of the animal biotechnology dialogue, to be concerned. Most participants were not against the policy as announced, but rather they were concerned that, regardless of the value of the policy, a process that leaves any stakeholders feeling shut out of the process and there were several at the meeting does not enhance the government s or biotechnology s credibility in the eyes of the public. NABC, in its 5 years of existence, provides opportunity for all stakeholders to come together in a consensus building setting on biotechnology and agriculture. We believe that policies developed with an open forum with input from all interested stakeholders will benefit biotechnology through greater public acceptance of these policies. NABC has accepted the encouragement of communication and open dialogue among all stakeholders in agricultural biotechnology as a central mission. NABC hopes this report will contribute to increased understanding of the range of viewpoints on animal biotechnology and stimulate improved dialogue, provide new information from different perspectives for all those interested in and affected by animal biotechnology and also provide a foundation for addressing some of the concerns facing society today in this burgeoning area of agricultural biotechnology. In this single volume, NABC has tried to provide different readers with insight into the opportunities and challenges in animal biotechnology. Part I of this report provides a synopsis of NABC 4, highlighting the issues raised by speakers and participants as well as statements and recommendations on which there was consensus by workshop participants. For those readers who desire more detail, the keynote addresses are found in Part II. Background papers and full workshop reports are combined topically in Part III. Pleasant reading and productive dialogue.

9 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PARTI ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES 3 Overview Paul B. Thompson and John A. Shadduck 9 Workshop Highlights and Recommendations June Fessenden MacDonald 17 NABC 4: Opportunities and Challenges Bill R. Baumgardt 23 PART II ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE PUBLIC GOOD 25 Public Policy in Animal Biotechnology in the 1990s: Challenges and Opportunities Charles W. Stenholm and Daniel B. Waggoner 37 Animal Biotechnologies: Potential Impact on Animal Products and Their Production Neal L. First 49 The New Creation: An Update on Animal Gene Engineering Michael W. Fox 63 Living Inventions: Biotechnology and the Public Dorothy Nelkin 73 PART III OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES: 4 WORKSHOPS Biotechnology and Animal Well-Being 77 Animal Well-Being and Biotechnology David Meeker 85 The Creation of Transgenic Animal "Models" for Human Genetic Disease Bernard E. Rollin 95 Workshop Report Dale Jamieson and George E. Seidel Jr. Links of Animal Biotechnology to Human Health 103 The Potential Spinoff of Advances in Human Medicine to Animal Research and Agriculture Clifton A. Baile

10 Reproductive Biology of Domestic Animals: Linkages with 107 Veterinary and Human Medicine Fuller W. Bazer 115 Workshop Report Lawrence Busch and John J. Kopchick Meat and Animal Product Safety 121 Food Safety Perspectives on Animal Biotechnology H. Russell Cross 127 The Food Safety of Transgenic Animals David Berkowitz 133 To Live Free As Natives, Free of Fear: What Citizens Should Require from Animal Biotechnology Dianna Hunter 141 Workshop Report Susan K. Harlander and Kate Clancy Regulatory Issues 149 USDA Regulation of Animal Biotechnology John E. Frydenlund 157 Animal Pharmaceuticals Martin Terry 165 The Regulation of Genetically Engineered Animals: Going From Bad to Worse Margaret Mellon 171 Workshop Report Bennie Osburn and Robert B. Nicholas 175 PART IV LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

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