ELUTION BEHAVIOR OF PHOSPHATE CONTAINED IN Mg/Fe AND Zn/Fe LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "ELUTION BEHAVIOR OF PHOSPHATE CONTAINED IN Mg/Fe AND Zn/Fe LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES"

Transcription

1 Advanced Materials Development and Performance (AMDP11) International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 6 (12) World Scientific Publishing Company DOI: 1.112/S ELUTION BEHAVIOR OF PHOSPHATE CONTAINED IN Mg/Fe AND Zn/Fe LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES Masashi Kurashina *, Tomohiro Amatsu, Takaaki Ochi, Nozomi Ohigashi, Eiji Kanezaki Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, , Japan * kurasina@chem.tokushima-u.ac.jp Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a layered hydroxide and exchangeable anion is intercalated in its interlayer. Application of the LDH as a controlled-release material of interlayer anions has become of interest, thus it is important to clarify the elution behavior of interlayer anions. We synthesized hydrogenphosphate-intercalated Mg/Fe and Zn/Fe LDH and elution of phosphate from these LDH were tested in deionized water, sodium chloride solution, sodium sulfate solution, and sodium carbonate solution. For Mg/Fe LDH, the amount of eluted phosphate increased with time and reached to maximum that increased as higher concentrate solution was used. The elution of phosphate from Mg/Fe LDH could be described by the pseudo second-order equation. This elution behavior was explained as ion-exchange reaction of phosphate with sulfate or carbonate in tested solution by means of kinetic simulation using Runge-Kutta method. In the eluted solution, metal ions contained in the LDH were detected and its amount depended on ph of the tested solution, that is, amounts of eluted Mg and Zn ions were small at higher ph (ca. 1) for Mg/Fe and Zn/Fe LDH respectively, but large amount of Zn ion was detected when 2.3 mol l 1 carbonate solution (ph = 13) was used. Thus elution of phosphate was caused by two main reactions: ion exchange and decomposition of the LDH. Keywords: Layered Double Hydroxide, Phosphate, Ion Exchange, Elution. 1. Introduction Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a kind of anionic clays. It is a layered hydroxide contained two kind of metals and the general formula is represented as M(II) 1 x M(III) x (OH) 2 (A y ) x/y nh 2 O with M(II), M(III), and A y are represent a divalent and trivalent metal, and a interlayer anion, respectively. 1 The formula is abbreviated to M(II)/M(III)-A LDH. The positive charge of the hydroxide layer M(II) 1 x M(III) x (OH) 2 x+ is compensated by the negative charge of the exchangeable interlayer anion. In recent years, LDHs have been investigated to apply its interlayer anion as a useful material such as a drag delivery system. To achieve it, it is necessary to control the release ratio of the interlayer anion, some of bactericide 2 and pesticide 3 had been investigated. Phosphate is one of the useful materials that are essential element for crop plants and exhaustible resource. Many phosphate-intercalated LDHs had been synthesized but release ratios of phosphate were unmentioned. In this report, we studied Mg/Fe-HPO and Zn/Fe-HPO 156

2 Elution Behavior of Phosphate Contained in Mg/Fe and Zn/Fe Layered Double Hydroxides 157 LDH, and the elution of phosphate from the LDH was tested in deionized water, sodium chloride solution, sodium sulfate solution, and sodium carbonate solution. 2. Experimental Section The Mg/Fe-NO 3 LDH was synthesized by reference to the literature. The Mg/Fe-NO 3 LDH (.1 g) was added to the KH 2 PO solution ( mmol l 1, 125 ml, adjusted at ph = using KOH pellets) and the suspension was stirred for 2 h at 3 C. The suspension was filtered and the solid washed with hot ( C) deionized water. After dried under vacuum,.68 g of Mg/Fe-HPO LDH was yielded. The Zn/Fe-Cl LDH was synthesized by reference to the procedure of Zn/Fe-SO LDH in the literature. 5 The Zn/Fe-Cl LDH (.5 g) was added to the KH 2 PO solution (13 mmol l 1, 2 ml, adjusted at ph = 1 using NaOH pellets) and the suspension was stirred for a day at 3 C. The suspension was filtered and the solid washed three times with deionized water. After air dried,.6 g of Zn/Fe-HPO LDH was yielded. Elution tests were carried out as follows. The 1 ml eluting solvent was warmed at 3 C in an isothermal bath. The 1. mg of Mg/Fe-HPO or Zn/Fe-HPO LDH was added to the solvent and stirred at 3 C. After stirred for the predetermined time, all amount of the mixture was filtered using Whatman 5 filter paper. In the eluted solution, contents of Mg, Zn, and Fe were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and P was measured by molybdenum blue method. 3. Results and Discussions We synthesized Mg/Fe-HPO and Zn/Fe-HPO LDH by the ion-exchange of NO 3 in Mg/Fe-NO 3 LDH and Cl in Zn/Fe-Cl LDH with HPO ion, respectively. Elemental analyses of each sample revealed that the metals and phosphate contents of the Mg/Fe- HPO LDH and Zn/Fe-HPO LDH were not constant by synthesis batch. The estimated formulas and mass fractions of each sample were listed in Table 1. The differences of the mass fractions arise from a little difference of the Mg(II)/Fe(III) ratio, the amount of the ion-exchanged phosphate, and the hydration water. On the elution test, the percentages of eluted components were calculated based on the elemental analysis data. At the synthesis of Mg/Fe-HPO and Zn/Fe-HPO LDH, main component (97.2%) in the phosphate solution at ph = 1 is HPO because pk a of H 3 PO are 1.83, 6.3, and Thus phosphate contained in the Mg/Fe-HPO and Zn/Fe-HPO LDH were considered as hydrophosphate HPO. The crystal structures of synthesized samples were determined by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Synthesized Mg/Fe-NO 3, Mg/Fe-HPO, Zn/Fe-Cl, and Zn/Fe-HPO LDH are crystalize in the rhombohedral system with a = 3.12 Å and c = 2. Å, a = 3.11 Å and c = 23.8 Å, a = 3.12 Å and c = 23.7 Å, and a = 3.13 Å and c = 23. Å, respectively. In general, the basal spacing of LDH (one-third of c axis) depend on the size of the interlayer anion. Although the anion size of HPO is larger than both NO 3 and Cl, the interlayer spacing of Mg/Fe-NO 3 and Zn/Fe-Cl LDH were very similar to that of Mg/Fe-HPO and Zn/Fe-HPO LDH, respectively. Nevertheless no change of the

3 158 M. Kurashina et al. interlayer spacing, the amount of the phosphate revealed by the elemental analysis was too large to be only caused by the surface adsorption. We deduced the phosphate contained Mg/Fe-NO 3 and Mg/Fe-HPO LDH are intercalated in interlayer spacing with rearrangement of the HPO molecular packing. Table 1. The estimated formulas and mass fractions of synthesized LDH. Mass fraction Abridgment / Formula Mg or Zn Fe HPO Mg/Fe-HPO (1) / Found 17.% 1.8% 8.5% Mg.73 Fe.27 (OH) 2 (HPO ).9 (NO 3 ) H 2 O Calcd. 17.1% 1.6% 8.3% Mg/Fe-HPO (2) / Found 19.1% 17.9% 5.9% Mg.71 Fe.29 (OH) 2 (HPO ).6 (NO 3 ).17.36H 2 O Calcd. 19.1% 17.9% 6.% Zn/Fe-HPO (3) / Found.6% 1.6% 9.6% Zn.78 Fe.22 (OH) 2 (HPO ).11.38H 2 O Calcd..5% 1.7% 9.2% Deionized water,, and SO aqueous solutions (., 8.85 mmol l 1 ) were used for elution tests of Mg/Fe-HPO (1) LDH. Time dependence of the eluted phosphate is shown in Fig. 1 as the concentration and the eluted percentage (eluted mole number 1 / mole number contained in 1. mg of the LDH). For every solution, the amount of eluted phosphate increased with time and reached to maximum. The maximum amount of the eluted phosphate increased as the ion concentrated in the elution solvent, 8.85 mmol l 1 solution especially eluted 9.% of phosphate in 2 h. Carbonate is known that it has specific affinity for LDH 7 thus it efficiently exchanged with the phosphate in LDH. The XRD patterns of filtered solids after the elution tests showed nearly same that of before the tests, except for low crystallinity. The interlayer anions cannot be identified by the basal spacing because Mg/Fe LDH showed same XRD patterns regardless of interlayer anions, thus we deduced the filtered solids were mixture of unreacted Mg/Fe- HPO and ion-exchanged Mg/Fe- or SO LDHs. Elution concentration of HPO / mol l 1 (a) Elution time / h 1 8 Elution percentage of HPO / % Elution concentration of HPO / mol l 1 (b) Elution time / h 1 8 Elution percentage of HPO / % Fig. 1. Time dependence of the elution of HPO in Mg/Fe-HPO (1) LDH. The elution solvents are (a) deionized water: *, aq. ( :. mmol l 1, : 8.85 mmol l 1 ), and (b) SO aq. ( :. mmol l 1, : 8.85 mmol l 1 ). Solid line represents simulated behaviors. These elution behaviors could be described by the pseudo second-order equation that has been often used to explain the adsorption rates of clays. 8, 9 The pseudo second-order kinetic rate equation is expressed as: d d e 2 (1)

4 Elution Behavior of Phosphate Contained in Mg/Fe and Zn/Fe Layered Double Hydroxides 159 where q t and q e are the amounts of phosphate eluted at time t and equilibrium ( mol l 1 ), respectively, and k is the pseudo second-order rate constant for the adsorption process ( mol 1 l h 1 ). The parameters in the pseudo second-order equation were calculated from Eq. (1) and are presented in Table 2 with coefficient of determinations R 2. Table 2. The parameters of the pseudo second-order equation and coefficient of determinations R 2. Elution solvent q t (t = 2 h) / mol l 1 q e / mol l 1 k / mol 1 l h 1 R 2 Deionized water mmol l mmol l SO. mmol l mmol l Magnesium ion as well as phosphate was eluted in the elution test of Mg/Fe-HPO (2) LDH. In 2 h elution-tested solution, determined percentages of eluted magnesium ion are presented in Table 3 with ph of the elution solvents. The amount of eluted magnesium indicates the decomposition of LDH. The Fe ion was below measurable limits in the elution test because neutral or basic ph of the elution solvent make Fe(III) ion into insoluble Fe(OH) 3. The dissolved amount of the LDH was large when deionized water and SO aq. were used and small when was used. This dissolution mainly caused by ph of the elution solvent because eluted magnesium was decreased to 17.2% at high ph = 1. (adjusted using NaOH) compare to 32.5% at low ph = 6. in case of SO aq. (8.85 mmol l 1 ). Table 3. Percentages of eluted magnesium ion with simulated parameters in 2 h elution-tested solution. Elution solvent ph Elution of Mg Calculated k S / h 1 Simulat ed elution of Mg Deionized water % %. mmol l % % 8.85 mmol l % % SO. mmol l % % 8.85 mmol l % % 8.85 mmol l 1 adjusted ph using NaOH % One of the reaction model to explain the pseudo second-order equation is single-site model that is assumes that an adsorption ion is adsorbed on one site of the adsorbent surface. 1, 11 The following equation describes the adsorption process: a A A S d A A S, d A d a A A S d A A S (2) in which A, S, A S, k a (A), and k d (A) represent the adsorption ion, the vacant site, the occupied site, and adsorption and desorption rate constants of A, respectively. The rate of attachment of A to S is directly proportional to the product of the concentration of A in aqueous solution, [A] and the concentration of vacant sites [S]; while the rate of

5 1 M. Kurashina et al. detachment is only directly proportional to the concentration of A attached on site, [A S]. We suppose desorption of the phosphate in LDH is expressed in the same manner as: a HPO HPO 2 S HPO S, d HPO d d HPO a HPO HPO S d HPO HPO S (3) in which k a (HPO ), and k d (HPO ), [HPO ] represent the adsorption and desorption rate constants of HPO, and the concentration of HPO, respectively. Additionally, we assume the rate of decomposition of LDH is only directly proportional to the concentration of vacant sites, [S]. The rate of concentration change of vacant sites [S] is expressed as following equation with consideration about Eq. (2) and (3): S d S decomposed LDH, d S d d A d S S d d HPO d in which k d (S) represent the decomposition rate constants of S. By the substitution A with the anion in the elution solvent, the elution mechanism of Mg/Fe-HPO is described using the Eq. (2)-() thus these elution behaviors were simulated. These differential equation were calculated by Runge-Kutta method with the initial conditions [S] = [A S] = [HPO ] = mol l 1 and [HPO S] = 88.5 mol l 1. The [A] is concentration of the anions in the elution solvent, for the deionized water [A] is always mol l 1. The calculated parameters in these equations are presented in Table. and simulated elution behaviors are displayed in Fig. 1. Estimated decomposed percentage of LDH in these elution tests are listed in Table 3. This reaction mechanism represents the elution behaviors with the parameters only depended on the kind of the adsorption anions, not its concentration. The small value of the k d ( ) in contrast with k d (HPO ) and k d (SO ) suggests specific affinity of carbonate for LDH. We suppose the value of the k d (S) have relations with ph of the elution solvent. Actually, the vacant site S cannot be isolated because S is a cationic site of the surface of LDH, thus S is surrounded by anions, such as OH. Therefore, high concentration of OH should stabilize S. As a result, the value of k d (S) is smaller at carbonate than at sulfate and deionized water. Table. Calculated parameters in the elution test of Mg/Fe-HPO LDH. HPO SO k a / mol 1 l h k d / h () For Zn/Fe-HPO (3) LDH, determined percentages of eluted phosphate and zinc ion after 2 h elution test are presented in Table 5 in deionized water, NaCl (.5 mol l 1 ), and (.25,.1,.5, 2.3 mol l 1 ) aqueous solutions with ph of the eluted solutions. In deionized water and NaCl aq. elution of phosphate were mainly caused by decomposition of the Zn/Fe-HPO LDH. As well as LDH patterns were detected, XRD analysis of filtered solids revealed generation of Zn 3 (PO ) 2 H 2 O for deionized water and an unidentified solid that has d =.9 Å diffraction for NaCl aq. These decomposed products were not detected in aq. and eluted phosphate and zinc ion were increased with concentration higher. Different from magnesium, zinc ion is dissolved in

6 Elution Behavior of Phosphate Contained in Mg/Fe and Zn/Fe Layered Double Hydroxides 161 basic solution as well as acidic, thus high ph did not suppress the decomposition of the LDH. In the case of 2.3 mol l 1 (nearly saturated) solution, 67.6% of LDH was dissolved due to high ph = 13.2 although 99.9% of phosphate was eluted. Thus the value of (HPO Zn) means pure contribution of ion exchange. Conditions of compatibility in these solutions were.5 mol l 1 aq. with 66.3% ion exchanged. Table 5. Eluted phosphate and zinc ion after 2 h elution test of Zn/Fe-HPO (3) LDH.. Conclusion Elution of phosphate from Mg/Fe-HPO and Zn/Fe-HPO LDHs were caused by two main reactions: ion exchange and decomposition of the LDH. Carbonate promoted the ion exchange of phosphate. The decomposition of the LDH depended on ph: basic condition (ph = 1-12) suppressed the decomposition of the LDH though too high ph = 13 dissolved the Zn/Fe-HPO LDH. Elution behavior and stable condition of LDH vary according to metal ions, thus investigation of optimal condition is important to apply the LDH to a controlled-release material of interlayer anions. Acknowledgments Elution solvent ph Elution of HPO Elution of Zn (HPO Zn) Deionized water 9.7% 8.5% 1.2% NaCl.5 mol l % 1.1% 7.2%.25 mol l %.8% 5.%.1 mol l % 2.% 53.7%.5 mol l % 1.% 66.3% 2.3 mol l % 67.6% 32.3% This study was supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency project to develop "innovative seeds". References 1 V. Rives, Layered Double Hydroxides: Present and Future. (Nova Science Publishers, Huntington, N.Y., 1). 2 Q. Zhenlan, Y. Heng, Z. Bin, and H. Wanguo, Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 38, (1-3), 16 (9). 3 D.-p. Qiu, and W.-g. Hou, Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 336, (1-3), 12 (9). W. Meng, F. Li, D. G. Evans, and X. Duan, Mater. Res. Bull. 39, (9), 1185 (). 5 W. Meng, F. Li, D. G. Evans, and X. Duan, J. Porous Mater. 11, 97 (). 6 Kagaku Binran (Handbook of Chemistry), Pure Chemistry 5th Ed. (Maruzen, Tokyo, ). 7 N. Iyi, and T. Sasaki, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 322, (1), 237 (8). 8 E. Bulut, M. Özacar, and İ. A. Şengil, J. Hazard. Mater. 15, (1-3), 613 (8). 9 A. Behnamfard, and M. M. Salarirad, J. Hazard. Mater. 17, (1), 127 (9). 1 C.-I. Lin, and L.-H. Wang, J. Chin. Inst. Chem. Eng, 39, (6), 579 (8). 11 S. Azizian, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 276, (1), 7 ().

Isolated Single-Atomic Ru Catalyst Bound on a Layered. Double Hydroxide for Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Formic Acid

Isolated Single-Atomic Ru Catalyst Bound on a Layered. Double Hydroxide for Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Formic Acid Supporting Information Isolated Single-Atomic Ru Catalyst Bound on a Layered Double Hydroxide for Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Formic Acid Kohsuke Mori *,,,, Tomohisa Taga, and Hiromi Yamashita *,, Division

More information

Mössbauer and XRD investigations of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with varying Mg/Fe ratios

Mössbauer and XRD investigations of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with varying Mg/Fe ratios Hyperfine Interact DOI 1.17/s1751-12-661- Mössbauer and XRD investigations of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with varying Mg/Fe ratios Mónika Sipiczki Ernő Kuzmann Zoltán Homonnay József Megyeri Krisztina

More information

1. The equation that represents the equilibrium in a saturated solution of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is.. The precipitate which forms first is

1. The equation that represents the equilibrium in a saturated solution of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is.. The precipitate which forms first is CHEMISTRY 12 UNIT 3 - REVIEW Ksp Part A - Multiple Choice 1. The equation that represents the equilibrium in a saturated solution of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is A. Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (s) 3 Fe 2+ (aq) + 2 SO 4 3 (aq)

More information

A Designed 3D Porous Hydrogen-Bonding Network Based on a Metal-Organic Polyhedron

A Designed 3D Porous Hydrogen-Bonding Network Based on a Metal-Organic Polyhedron Supporting Information A Designed 3D Porous Hydrogen-Bonding Network Based on a Metal-Organic Polyhedron Wei Wei,*, Wanlong Li, Xingzhu Wang, Jieya He Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University,

More information

Synthesis of Zeolite-X from Waste Metals

Synthesis of Zeolite-X from Waste Metals , pp. 1644 1648 Synthesis of Zeolite-X from Waste Metals Takehito HIRAKI, Atsushi NOSAKA, Noriyuki OKINAKA and Tomohiro AKIYAMA Center for Advanced Research of Energy Conversion Materials, Hokkaido University,

More information

GraspIT AQA GCSE Chemical changes

GraspIT AQA GCSE Chemical changes A. Reactivity of metals The reactivity series, metal oxides and extractions 1. Three metals, X, Y and Z were put into water. The reactions are shown below: a) Use the diagrams to put metals X, Y and Z

More information

Chapter 9 Systematic Equilibrium

Chapter 9 Systematic Equilibrium Chapter 9 Systematic Equilibrium 1 What we Skipped Ch. 8 discussed Activity (γ) This is what should be used in equilibrium calculations rather than conc. (molarity) In Ch. 9 in later chapters, you will

More information

Hydrothermal synthesis of nano-silicon from a silica sol and its use in lithium ion batteries

Hydrothermal synthesis of nano-silicon from a silica sol and its use in lithium ion batteries Electronic Supplementary Material Hydrothermal synthesis of nano-silicon from a silica sol and its use in lithium ion batteries Jianwen Liang, Xiaona Li, Yongchun Zhu ( ), Cong Guo, and Yitai Qian ( )

More information

Solutions Unit Exam Name Date Period

Solutions Unit Exam Name Date Period Name Date Period Ms. Roman Page 1 Regents Chemistry 1. Which mixture can be separated by using the equipment shown below? 6. Which ion, when combined with chloride ions, Cl, forms an insoluble substance

More information

CH 112 Special Assignment #4 Chemistry to Dye for: Part A

CH 112 Special Assignment #4 Chemistry to Dye for: Part A CH 112 Special Assignment #4 Chemistry to Dye for: Part A PRE-LAB ASSIGNMENT: Make sure that you read this handout and bring the essentials to lab with you. Here are the pre-lab questions for this week.

More information

Chemical reactions and electrolysis

Chemical reactions and electrolysis Chemical reactions and electrolysis Higher Revision Questions Name: Class: Date: Time: 95 minutes Marks: 95 marks Comments: Page of 29 (a) Magnesium metal is shaped to make magnesium ribbon. Explain why

More information

Chapter 9. Dissolution and Precipitation Equilibria

Chapter 9. Dissolution and Precipitation Equilibria Chapter 9 Dissolution and Precipitation Equilibria 9-1 The Nature of Solubility Equilibria 9-2 The Solubility of Ionic Solids 9-3 Precipitation and the Solubility Product 9-4 The Effects of ph on Solubility

More information

Sequential soil washing techniques using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide for remediating arsenic-contaminated soils in abandoned iron-ore mines

Sequential soil washing techniques using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide for remediating arsenic-contaminated soils in abandoned iron-ore mines Sequential soil washing techniques using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide for remediating arsenic-contaminated soils in abandoned iron-ore mines Min Jang, Jung Sung Hwang, Sang Il Choi Introduction

More information

AP*Chemistry Solubility Equilibria

AP*Chemistry Solubility Equilibria AP*Chemistry Solubility Equilibria SOLUBILITY EQUILIBRIA (K sp, THE SOLUBILITY PRODUCT) Saturated solutions of salts are another type of chemical equilibria. Remember those solubility rules? The fine print

More information

Tutorial 3 Unit 3 - Solubility

Tutorial 3 Unit 3 - Solubility Tutorial 3 Unit 3 - Solubility The Answer is A Answer A is the primary condition for solubility equilibrium. Remember the solution is also called saturated. B, of course is wrong because these opposing

More information

SULFURATION TREATMENT OF ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER FOR SELECTIVE RECOVERY OF COPPER, ZINC AND NICKEL RESOURCE

SULFURATION TREATMENT OF ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER FOR SELECTIVE RECOVERY OF COPPER, ZINC AND NICKEL RESOURCE Global NEST Journal, Vol 8, No 2, pp 131-136, 20 Copyright 20 Global NEST Printed in Greece. All rights reserved SULFURATION TREATMENT OF ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER FOR SELECTIVE RECOVERY OF COPPER, ZINC

More information

Chapter 17 Solubility and Complex Ion Equilibria

Chapter 17 Solubility and Complex Ion Equilibria Chem 1046 General Chemistry by Ebbing and Gammon, 8th Edition Prof George W.J. Kenney, Jr Last Update: 27Nov2008 Chapter 17 Solubility and Complex Ion Equilibria These Notes are to SUPPLIMENT the Text,

More information

Facile synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles on metal organic framework MIL- 101(Cr): characterization and its catalytic activity

Facile synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles on metal organic framework MIL- 101(Cr): characterization and its catalytic activity Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for New Journal of Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2014 Electronic Supplementary information

More information

Selective Sulfidation of Copper, Zinc and Nickel in Plating Wastewater using Calcium Sulfide

Selective Sulfidation of Copper, Zinc and Nickel in Plating Wastewater using Calcium Sulfide International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 2:2 21 Selective Sulfidation of Copper, Zinc and Nickel in Plating Wastewater using Calcium Sulfide K. Soya, N. Mihara, D. Kuchar, M. Kubota,

More information

A Stable Super-Supertetrahedron with Infinite Order via. Assembly of Supertetrahedral T4 Zinc-Indium Sulfide Clusters

A Stable Super-Supertetrahedron with Infinite Order via. Assembly of Supertetrahedral T4 Zinc-Indium Sulfide Clusters Supporting Information for A Stable Super-Supertetrahedron with Infinite Order via Assembly of Supertetrahedral T4 Zinc-Indium Sulfide Clusters Li Zhang, Chaozhuang Xue, Wei Wang, Dandan Hu, Jing Lv, Dongsheng

More information

METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS

METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS Metals are elements whose atoms ionize by electron loss, while non-metals are elements whose atoms ionize by electron gain. Metals are in groups 1, 2 and 3 of the periodic table.

More information

Selective Sulfidation of Copper, Zinc and Nickel in Plating Wastewater using Calcium Sulfide

Selective Sulfidation of Copper, Zinc and Nickel in Plating Wastewater using Calcium Sulfide Vol:2, No:8, 28 Selective Sulfidation of Copper, Zinc and Nickel in Plating Wastewater using Calcium Sulfide K. Soya, N. Mihara, D. Kuchar, M. Kubota, H. Matsuda, and T. Fukuta International Science Index,

More information

Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution by Crystallization Using Coal Fly Ash

Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution by Crystallization Using Coal Fly Ash Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution by Crystallization Using Coal Fly Ash Katsutoshi Yamada 1, Kensaku Haraguchi 1, Carmel C. Gacho 2, Lucila S. Salinas 2, Christopher M. Silverio 2 and Bussakorn

More information

Slide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. Hardness. Concentration is. What s the concentration of red triangles? What s in your pipes? 500 ml

Slide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. Hardness. Concentration is. What s the concentration of red triangles? What s in your pipes? 500 ml Slide 1 Hardness What s in your pipes? Slide 2 What s the concentration of red triangles? 500 ml 1 g 1 g 1 g A. 10 B. 10 C. D. 1 g 1 g It s all of the above! Slide 3 Concentration is any statement of the

More information

SILICA SCALE PREVENTION METHOD USING SEED MADE FROM GEOTHERMAL BRINE

SILICA SCALE PREVENTION METHOD USING SEED MADE FROM GEOTHERMAL BRINE SILICA SCALE PREVENTION METHOD USING SEED MADE FROM GEOTHERMAL BRINE Hajime Sugita, Isao Matsunaga, Tsutomu Yamaguchi Geo-Energy Division, Geotechnology Department, National Institute for Resources and

More information

2/24/2003 OFB Chapter 9 1

2/24/2003 OFB Chapter 9 1 2/24/2003 OFB Chapter 9 1 Chapter 9 Dissolution and Precipitation Equilibria 9-1 The Nature of Solubility Equilibria 9-2 The Solubility of Ionic Solids 9-3 Precipitation and the Solubility Product 9-4

More information

Unit 3 - Solubility Practice Test # 2

Unit 3 - Solubility Practice Test # 2 1. onsider the following experiment: Unit 3 Solubility Practice Test # 2 1.0 ml 0.20 M g + + an unknown solution precipitate 1.0 ml 020 M Sr 2+ + an unknown solution no precipitate The unknown solution

More information

Preparation of Magnesium Carbonate Whisker from Magnesite Tailings

Preparation of Magnesium Carbonate Whisker from Magnesite Tailings IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Preparation of Magnesium Carbonate Whisker from Magnesite Tailings To cite this article: N Wang et al 2011 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 18 222013

More information

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BENCHMARK PLANT FOR SELECTIVE LITHIUM RECOVERY FROM SEAWATER

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BENCHMARK PLANT FOR SELECTIVE LITHIUM RECOVERY FROM SEAWATER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BENCHMARK PLANT FOR SELECTIVE LITHIUM RECOVERY FROM SEAWATER Kazuharu YOSHIZUKA Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu Marek HOLBA, Takeshi YASUNAGA,

More information

ABSTRACT: Clean sampling and analysis procedures were used to quantify more than 70 inorganic chemical constituents (including 36 priority

ABSTRACT: Clean sampling and analysis procedures were used to quantify more than 70 inorganic chemical constituents (including 36 priority ABSTRACT: Clean sampling and analysis procedures were used to quantify more than 70 inorganic chemical constituents (including 36 priority pollutants), organic carbon and phenols, and other characteristics

More information

REMOVAL OF HARDNESS BY PRECIPITATION

REMOVAL OF HARDNESS BY PRECIPITATION REMOVAL OF HARDNESS BY PRECIPITATION Hardness divalent cations If hardness is too high Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ + Fe 2+ + Mn 2+ + Sr 2+... precipitation of soap, scaling on pipes, boilers, cooling towers, heat exchangers.

More information

Minimization of Hydroboric Acid Containing Decontamination Solutions 10198

Minimization of Hydroboric Acid Containing Decontamination Solutions 10198 Minimization of Hydroboric cid Containing Decontamination Solutions 10198 Risto Koivula and Risto Harjula Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki.I.Virtasen aukio

More information

ICSE-Science 2 (Chemistry) 2004

ICSE-Science 2 (Chemistry) 2004 ICSE-Science 2 (Chemistry) 2004 Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. This time is to be spent in reading

More information

Decomposition characteristics of metal cyanide complexes by wet oxidation at lower temperatures

Decomposition characteristics of metal cyanide complexes by wet oxidation at lower temperatures Proceedings of International Symposium on EcoTopia Science 7, ISETS7 (7) Decomposition characteristics of metal cyanide complexes by wet oxidation at lower temperatures Naoto Mihara 1, Shinji Agari 1,

More information

COPPER CYCLE EXPERIMENT 3

COPPER CYCLE EXPERIMENT 3 COPPER CYCLE EXPERIMENT 3 INTRODUCTION One simple way to state the aim of chemistry is: The study of matter and its transformations. In this experiment, a copper sample will appear in five different forms

More information

Crystal Phase-Controlled Synthesis of Cu 2 FeSnS 4 Nanocrystals with Band Gap around 1.5 ev

Crystal Phase-Controlled Synthesis of Cu 2 FeSnS 4 Nanocrystals with Band Gap around 1.5 ev Crystal Phase-Controlled Synthesis of Cu 2 FeSnS 4 Nanocrystals with Band Gap around 1.5 ev Xiaoyan Zhang, a,b Ningzhong Bao,* c Karthik Ramasamy, a Yu-Hsiang A. Wang, a Yifeng Wang, c Baoping Lin b and

More information

Relaxivity Control of Magnetic Nanoclusters for Efficient Magnetic. Relaxation Switching Assay

Relaxivity Control of Magnetic Nanoclusters for Efficient Magnetic. Relaxation Switching Assay Supplementary Information Relaxivity Control of Magnetic Nanoclusters for Efficient Magnetic Relaxation Switching Assay Jinmyung Cha, a Yong-Su Kwon, b Tae-Jong Yoon *b and Jin-Kyu Lee *a a Department

More information

Phosphate recovery from wastewater with engineered superparamagnetic composite particles using magnetic separation

Phosphate recovery from wastewater with engineered superparamagnetic composite particles using magnetic separation 4th International Symposium Re-Water Braunschweig Phosphate recovery from wastewater with engineered superparamagnetic composite particles using magnetic separation A. Drenkova-Tuhtan, K.-S. Mandel, F.

More information

1001 Nitration of toluene to 4-nitrotoluene, 2-nitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene

1001 Nitration of toluene to 4-nitrotoluene, 2-nitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene 1001 Nitration of toluene to 4-nitrotoluene, 2-nitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 NO 2 CH 3 NO 2 HNO 3 /H 2 SO 4 + + + side products NO 2 NO 2 C 7 H 8 (92.1) HNO 3 (63.0) H 2 SO 4 (98.1)

More information

1. Which of the given statements about the reaction below are incorrect?

1. Which of the given statements about the reaction below are incorrect? 1. Which of the given statements about the reaction below are incorrect? 2PbO(s) + C(s) 2Pb(s) + CO 2 (g) a. Lead is getting reduced b. Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised c. Carbon is getting oxidised

More information

Preparation of needle-like aragonite particles from calcium nitrate solution

Preparation of needle-like aragonite particles from calcium nitrate solution Preparation of needle-like aragonite particles from calcium nitrate solution Pavel Fellner, Jana Jurišová, Ladislav Pach Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak

More information

Chapter six. Precipitate is separated by filtration, washing,drying and finally is accurately weighed.

Chapter six. Precipitate is separated by filtration, washing,drying and finally is accurately weighed. Gravimetric Analysis Chapter six Gravimetric Analysis :- Is one of the most accurate and precise methods of quantative analysis.it is based on the measurements of the mass of solid product of a chemical

More information

SOLUBILITY STUDY GUIDE- Multiple Choice Section

SOLUBILITY STUDY GUIDE- Multiple Choice Section SOLUBILITY STUDY GUIDE- Multiple Choice Section Multiple Choice Section: This study guide is a compilation of questions from provincial exams since 2000. I urge you to become intimately familiar with question

More information

Electrochemical and Transport Properties of Ions in Mixtures of. Electroactive Ionic Liquid and Propylene Carbonate with a Lithium

Electrochemical and Transport Properties of Ions in Mixtures of. Electroactive Ionic Liquid and Propylene Carbonate with a Lithium Supporting Information Electrochemical and Transport Properties of Ions in Mixtures of Electroactive Ionic Liquid and Propylene Carbonate with a Lithium Salt for Lithium-ion Batteries Bruno Gélinas, Myriann

More information

Experiment 3 * Thermochromism in the Ionic Conductor, Cu 2 HgI 4

Experiment 3 * Thermochromism in the Ionic Conductor, Cu 2 HgI 4 Experiment 3 * Thermochromism in the Ionic Conductor, Cu 2 HgI 4 *This lab taken from Teaching General Chemistry; A Materials Science Companion, Eds. Ellis, A.B.; Geselbracht, M.J.; Johnson, B.J.; Lisensky,

More information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information Supporting Information Synergistic Catalysis of Metal Organic Framework-Immobilized Pd Nanoparticles in Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid for Chemical Hydrogen Storage Xiaojun Gu, Zhang-Hui Lu,, Hai-Long

More information

Ion exchange for concentration of phosphorus in wastewater and recovery as struvite. Patrick Mullen Dr. Brooke Mayer Marquette University

Ion exchange for concentration of phosphorus in wastewater and recovery as struvite. Patrick Mullen Dr. Brooke Mayer Marquette University Ion exchange for concentration of phosphorus in wastewater and recovery as struvite Patrick Mullen Dr. Brooke Mayer Marquette University About Me 1st year M.S. at Marquette University in Environmental

More information

Distinguishing crystallite size effects from those of structural disorder on the powder X-ray diffraction patterns of layered materials

Distinguishing crystallite size effects from those of structural disorder on the powder X-ray diffraction patterns of layered materials J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 122, No. 5, September 2010, pp. 751 756 Indian Academy of Sciences. Distinguishing crystallite size effects from those of structural disorder on the powder X-ray diffraction patterns

More information

Pre- Lab Questions: Synthesis and Crystallization of Alum

Pre- Lab Questions: Synthesis and Crystallization of Alum Name Date Grade Pre- Lab Questions: Synthesis and Crystallization of Alum MUST be completed before an experiment is started. Show all work and be sure to include units. Q1. Based on the general chemical

More information

An artificial model of photosynthetic photosystem II: visible-light-derived O 2

An artificial model of photosynthetic photosystem II: visible-light-derived O 2 An artificial model of photosynthetic photosystem II: visible-light-derived O 2 production from water by a di-μ-oxo-bridged manganese dimer as an oxygen evolving center Masayuki Yagi 1, 2 *, Mayuu Toda

More information

Unit F FR (part B) Solubility Equilibrium, Ksp (pg 1 of 16)

Unit F FR (part B) Solubility Equilibrium, Ksp (pg 1 of 16) Unit F FR (part B) Solubility Equilibrium, Ksp (pg 1 of 16) 1. Answer the following questions about the solubility of some fluoride salts of alkaline earth metals. (a) A student prepares 100. ml of a saturated

More information

Potassium Phosphate Recovery from Incinerated Ash of Sewage Sludge

Potassium Phosphate Recovery from Incinerated Ash of Sewage Sludge Journal of Materials Science and Engineering B 7 (7-8) (2017) 149-154 doi: 10.17265/2161-6221/2017.7-8.003 D DAVID PUBLISHING Potassium Phosphate Recovery from Incinerated Ash of Sewage Sludge Masaaki

More information

Q1. From the following list of substances, choose the substances which meet the description given in parts (i) to (v) below :

Q1. From the following list of substances, choose the substances which meet the description given in parts (i) to (v) below : Questions:- Q1. From the following list of substances, choose the substances which meet the description given in parts (i) to (v) below : Ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, chlorine, dilute hydrochloric

More information

The Effect of an Additive on Morphology of Sodium Chloride Crystals in Seeded Batch Cooling Crystallization

The Effect of an Additive on Morphology of Sodium Chloride Crystals in Seeded Batch Cooling Crystallization 799 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 43, 2015 Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 The Italian

More information

SUPPORTING INFORMATION

SUPPORTING INFORMATION SUPPORTING INFORMATION 1. SYNTHESIS OF THE MONOMERS 2-(Methylacryloyloxy)ethyl-trimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate ([MATMA][BF 4 ]) and p-vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate ([VBTMA][BF 4 ])

More information

What is: (a) aqua fortis, (b) aqua regia (c) Fixation of Nitrogen?

What is: (a) aqua fortis, (b) aqua regia (c) Fixation of Nitrogen? EXERCISE.1 Question 1: What is: (a) aqua fortis, (b) aqua regia (c) Fixation of Nitrogen? Solution 1: Book Name: Selina concise (a) Aqua fortis: Nitric acid is called aqua fortis. Aqua fortis means strong

More information

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS PART I INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS PART I INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENT 10 (2 Weeks) Chemistry 100 Laboratory TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS PART I INTRODUCTION It is useful to classify reactions into different types, because products of reactions can be predicted.

More information

Supporting Information for

Supporting Information for 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Supporting Information for Controllable Synthesis of Ca-Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides and Calcined Layered Double Oxides for the Efficient Removal of U(VI) from

More information

Effect of Magnesium Doping on the Physicochemical Properties of Strontium Formate Dihydrate Crystals

Effect of Magnesium Doping on the Physicochemical Properties of Strontium Formate Dihydrate Crystals Chem Sci Trans., 2013, 2(1), 141-146 Chemical Science Transactions DOI:10.7598/cst2013.333 ISSN/E-ISSN: 2278-3458/2278-3318 RESEARCH ARTICLE Effect of Magnesium Doping on the Physicochemical Properties

More information

Thermal decomposition. Metal carbonates

Thermal decomposition. Metal carbonates Decomposition reactions Copy correctly Up to 3% of a workbook Copying or scanning from ESA workbooks is subject to the New Zealand Copyright Act which limits copying to 3% of this workbook. Many compounds

More information

Microspheres for Magnetic Separation of Proteins

Microspheres for Magnetic Separation of Proteins Supplementary Information for Preparation of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @Layered Double Hydroxide Core Shell Microspheres for Magnetic Separation of Proteins Mingfei Shao, Fanyu Ning, Jingwen Zhao, Min Wei,* David

More information

Supplemental Information for Long Tethers Binding Redox Centers to Polymer. Backbones Enhance Electron Transport in Enzyme Wiring Hydrogels by Fei

Supplemental Information for Long Tethers Binding Redox Centers to Polymer. Backbones Enhance Electron Transport in Enzyme Wiring Hydrogels by Fei Supplemental Information for Long Tethers Binding Redox Centers to Polymer Backbones Enhance Electron Transport in Enzyme Wiring Hydrogels by Fei Mao, Nicolas Mano and Adam Heller, Department of Chemical

More information

Lecture 11. Solubility of Ionic Compounds in Water

Lecture 11. Solubility of Ionic Compounds in Water Lecture 11 Solubility of Ionic Compounds in Water Soluble Compounds Exceptions Acetates, Nitrates, Chlorates Na +, K +, NH 4 + compounds None None Halides ( Cl -, Br -, I - ) Ag +, Hg 2 2+, Cu +, Pb 2+

More information

Precipitation Reactions and Gravimetric Analysis

Precipitation Reactions and Gravimetric Analysis Precipitation Reactions and Gravimetric Analysis Titrations where the titrant forms a precipitate with the analyte. Not always so straightforward a number of requirements need to be met. Precipitation

More information

14. Appendix. Appendix Substances and solvents. Magnesium sulfate hydrates. Transition point: MgSO 4 7H 2 O MgSO 4 6H 2 O at 48.

14. Appendix. Appendix Substances and solvents. Magnesium sulfate hydrates. Transition point: MgSO 4 7H 2 O MgSO 4 6H 2 O at 48. 14. Appendix 14.1 Substances and solvents Magnesium sulfate hydrates Transition point: MgSO 4 H 2 O MgSO 4 6H 2 O at 4.1 C /OTT02/ MgSO 4 H 2 O Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Mineral name: epsomite Mol

More information

Supplementary information

Supplementary information Supplementary information ligonucleotide models of telomeric DA and RA form a hybrid G-quadruplex structure as a potential component of telomeres Yan Xu*, Takumi Ishizuka, Jie Yang, Kenichiro Ito, Hitoshi

More information

Electrochemistry Written Response

Electrochemistry Written Response Electrochemistry Written Response January 1999 7. Balance the following redox reaction in acidic solution: RuO 4 + P Ru(OH) 2 2+ + H 3 PO 3 (acid) (3 marks) 8. A technician tests the concentration of methanol,

More information

Supporting Information. Photochromic, Photoelectric and Fluorescent Properties

Supporting Information. Photochromic, Photoelectric and Fluorescent Properties Supporting Information Multifunctional Open-Framework Zinc Phosphate C 12 H 14 N 2 [Zn 6 (PO 4 ) 4 (HPO 4 )(H 2 O) 2 ]: Photochromic, Photoelectric and Fluorescent Properties Junbiao Wu, Yan Yan, Bingkun

More information

Supporting Information. Copper inks formed using short carbon chain organic Cuprecursors

Supporting Information. Copper inks formed using short carbon chain organic Cuprecursors Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Copper inks formed using short carbon chain organic Cuprecursors Wen-dong

More information

Preparation of potassium nitrate from potassium chloride and magnesium nitrate in a laboratory scale using industrial raw materials

Preparation of potassium nitrate from potassium chloride and magnesium nitrate in a laboratory scale using industrial raw materials Preparation of potassium nitrate from potassium chloride and magnesium nitrate in a laboratory scale using industrial raw materials Jana Jurišová a, Pavel Fellner a, Vladimír Danielik a, Marek Lencsés

More information

Electronic Supplementary Information

Electronic Supplementary Information Electronic Supplementary Information Catalytic chromium reduction using formic acid and metal nanoparticles immobilized in a metal-organic framework Mahendra Yadav and Qiang Xu* National Institute of Advanced

More information

GEOCHEMICAL MODULE FOR AMDTreat

GEOCHEMICAL MODULE FOR AMDTreat GEOCHEMICAL MODULE FOR AMDTreat Charles A. Cravotta III and David L. Parkhurst, U.S. Geological Survey Brent P. Means, Robert M. McKenzie, and Bill Arthur, U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and

More information

UTILIZATION OF CALCIUM SULFIDE DERIVED FROM WASTE GYPSUM BOARD FOR METAL-CONTAINING WASTEWATER TREATMENT

UTILIZATION OF CALCIUM SULFIDE DERIVED FROM WASTE GYPSUM BOARD FOR METAL-CONTAINING WASTEWATER TREATMENT Global NEST Journal, Vol 1, No 1, pp 11-17, 28 Copyright 28 Global NEST Printed in Greece. All rights reserved UTILIZATION OF CALCIUM SULFIDE DERIVED FROM WASTE GYPSUM BOARD FOR METAL-CONTAINING WASTEWATER

More information

3005 Synthesis of 7,7-dichlorobicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (7,7-dichlornorcarane) from cyclohexene

3005 Synthesis of 7,7-dichlorobicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (7,7-dichlornorcarane) from cyclohexene 00 Synthesis of,-dichlorobicyclo[..0]heptane (,-dichlornorcarane) from cyclohexene + CHCl NaOH tri-n-propylamine CCl + HCl C H 0 (8.) (9.) NaOH C 9 H N C H 0 Cl (0.0) (.) (.) (.) Classification Reaction

More information

A Cycle of Copper Reactions

A Cycle of Copper Reactions EXPERIMENT A Cycle of Copper Reactions PURPOSE To demonstrate a series of copper reactions: starting with copper metal, oxidizing the metal to put it into solution and then, form a copper hydroxide, an

More information

for New Energy Materials and Devices; Beijing National Laboratory for Condense Matter Physics,

for New Energy Materials and Devices; Beijing National Laboratory for Condense Matter Physics, Electronic Supplementary Information Highly efficient core shell CuInS 2 /Mn doped CdS quantum dots sensitized solar cells Jianheng Luo, a Huiyun Wei, a Qingli Huang, a Xing Hu, a Haofei Zhao, b Richeng

More information

Experiment 18 Determination of Iron by Visible Spectrophotometry

Experiment 18 Determination of Iron by Visible Spectrophotometry Experiment 18 Determination of Iron by Visible Spectrophotometry PRELAB DISCUSSION Visible spectrophotometry (spectral analysis) is a method of measuring the concentration of colored solutions by the amount

More information

1. Nickel has a face-centered-cubic unit cell. The density of nickel is 6.84 g/cm 3. Calculate the atomic radius of nickel.

1. Nickel has a face-centered-cubic unit cell. The density of nickel is 6.84 g/cm 3. Calculate the atomic radius of nickel. ADDITIONAL PRACTICE ON UNIT CELLS 1. Nickel has a face-centered-cubic unit cell. The density of nickel is 6.84 g/cm 3. Calculate the atomic radius of nickel. 2. Tungsten metal exists in a body-centered-cubic

More information

bleeding during sample preparation. The specimens were demolded at hours and sealed with aluminum foil. Afterward, the sealed samples were stored at C

bleeding during sample preparation. The specimens were demolded at hours and sealed with aluminum foil. Afterward, the sealed samples were stored at C コンクリート工学年次論文集,Vol.3,No.1,1 - Technical Paper - CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS IN SODIUM AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE SOLUTIONS Yogarajah ELAKNESWARAN *1, Tetsuya ISHIDA * ABSTRACT This paper presents

More information

CHEMISTRY PAPER 1998

CHEMISTRY PAPER 1998 CHEMISTRY PAPER 1998 (One Hour and a Half) Answer to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will NOT be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. This time is to be spent

More information

Supporting Information for. Nitric Oxide Reactivity of Copper(II) Complexes of Bidentate Amine Ligands: Effect of. Substitution on Ligand Nitrosation

Supporting Information for. Nitric Oxide Reactivity of Copper(II) Complexes of Bidentate Amine Ligands: Effect of. Substitution on Ligand Nitrosation 1 Supporting Information for Nitric Oxide Reactivity of Copper(II) Complexes of Bidentate Amine Ligands: Effect of Substitution on Ligand Nitrosation Moushumi Sarma and Biplab Mondal Department of Chemistry,

More information

Solubility Equi librium Ksp. Chapter 17 Sections

Solubility Equi librium Ksp. Chapter 17 Sections Solubility Equi librium Ksp Chapter 17 Sections 17.4 17.6 1 Precipitation Reactions Earlier in this course, we considered precipitation reactions zinc nitrate reacts with sodium hydroxide Zn(NO3)2 + 2NaOH

More information

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Q 1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry What weight of AgCI will be precipitated when a solution containing 4.77 g of NaCI is added to a solution of 5.77 g of AgNO 3? (IIT JEE 1978 3 Marks) Q 2. One gram

More information

Factors Governing the Performance of Bauxite for Fluoride Remediation of Groundwater

Factors Governing the Performance of Bauxite for Fluoride Remediation of Groundwater SUPPORTING INFORMATION Factors Governing the Performance of Bauxite for Fluoride Remediation of Groundwater Katya Cherukumilli *,, Caroline Delaire, Susan Amrose, Ashok J. Gadgil,Ψ Department of Civil

More information

High temperature oxidation of iron-iron oxide core-shell nanowires composed of iron nanoparticles

High temperature oxidation of iron-iron oxide core-shell nanowires composed of iron nanoparticles Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. This journal is the Owner Societies 2016 High temperature oxidation of iron-iron oxide core-shell nanowires composed of

More information

8.3 Preparation of Salts

8.3 Preparation of Salts For more awesome GSE and level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ 8. Preparation of Salts Question Paper Level IGSE Subject hemistry (060) Exam oard ambridge International Examinations (IE)

More information

Three-dimensional NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Film for Highefficiency

Three-dimensional NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Film for Highefficiency Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Three-dimensional NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Film for Highefficiency Oxygen Evolution Reaction

More information

NATIONAL BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS BOARD (GENERAL EDUCATION EXAMINATION) MAY/JUNE 2007 SECTION B CHEMISTRY (ESSAY) TIME: 1 HOUR 40 MINUTES

NATIONAL BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS BOARD (GENERAL EDUCATION EXAMINATION) MAY/JUNE 2007 SECTION B CHEMISTRY (ESSAY) TIME: 1 HOUR 40 MINUTES NATIONAL BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS BOARD (GENERAL EDUCATION EXAMINATION) MAY/JUNE 2007 SECTION B CHEMISTRY (ESSAY) TIME: 1 HOUR 40 MINUTES 1. (a) Give THREE differences between a physical and

More information

SUPPORTING INFORMATION

SUPPORTING INFORMATION Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Catalysis Science & Technology. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 SUPPORTING INFORMATION Nearly atomic precise gold nanoclusters on nickel-based

More information

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , PR China.

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , PR China. Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry C. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 A general and rapid synthesis of metal sulphides hollow spheres that have

More information

Phosphorus Removal and Recovery from High Phosphorus Wastewater by the HAP Crystallization Process

Phosphorus Removal and Recovery from High Phosphorus Wastewater by the HAP Crystallization Process ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY An International Open Free Access, Peer Reviewed Research Journal www.orientjchem.org ISSN: 0970-020 X CODEN: OJCHEG 2016, Vol. 32, No. (1): Pg. 235-241 Phosphorus Removal

More information

Chem 1120 Pretest 3 Fall 2015

Chem 1120 Pretest 3 Fall 2015 Chem 1120 Pretest 3 Fall 2015 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following solubility product expressions is incorrect? a. Cu

More information

CARBONATION OF WOLLASTONITE USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE

CARBONATION OF WOLLASTONITE USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE CARBONATION OF WOLLASTONITE USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE Clifford Y. Tai*, W.-R. Chen and Shin-Min Shih Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Email: cytai@ntu.edu.tw The feasibility

More information

A general and facile strategy for precisely controlling the crystal size. of monodispersed metal-organic frameworks via separating the

A general and facile strategy for precisely controlling the crystal size. of monodispersed metal-organic frameworks via separating the Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 A general and facile strategy for precisely controlling the crystal size of monodispersed metal-organic

More information

Supporting information. Probing the Dynamics of Layered Double Hydroxides by Solid-State 27 Al NMR Spectroscopy

Supporting information. Probing the Dynamics of Layered Double Hydroxides by Solid-State 27 Al NMR Spectroscopy Supporting information Probing the Dynamics of Layered Double Hydroxides by Solid-State 27 Al NMR Spectroscopy Arnaud Di Bitetto,, Erwan André, Cédric Carteret, *, Pierrick Durand, Gwendal Kervern, * France.

More information

PREPARATION & ANALYSIS OF AN IRON COORDINATION COMPOUND PART A: PREPARATION OF AN IRON COORDINATION COMPOUND

PREPARATION & ANALYSIS OF AN IRON COORDINATION COMPOUND PART A: PREPARATION OF AN IRON COORDINATION COMPOUND Chemistry 112 PREPARATION & ANALYSIS OF AN IRON COORDINATION COMPOUND PART A: PREPARATION OF AN IRON COORDINATION COMPOUND A. INTRODUCTION In this experiment you will synthesize the iron coordination compound,

More information

MR. D HR UV AS HE R I.C.S.E. BOA RD PAP ER ICSE

MR. D HR UV AS HE R I.C.S.E. BOA RD PAP ER ICSE MR D HR UV AS HE R ICSE BOA RD PAP ER 200 4 1 ICSE-2004 Section A (40 Marks) (Attempt all questions from this section) Question 1 (a) Choose the letters A,B,C or D to match the descriptions (i) to (iv)

More information

End-only Functionalized Oligo Phenylene Ethynylenes: Synthesis, Photophysical and Biocidal Activity

End-only Functionalized Oligo Phenylene Ethynylenes: Synthesis, Photophysical and Biocidal Activity 1 End-only Functionalized Oligo Phenylene Ethynylenes: Synthesis, Photophysical and Biocidal Activity Zhijun Zhou, 1,2 Thomas S. Corbitt, 1 Anand Parthasarathy, 3 Yanli Tang, 1 Linnea K. Ista, 1 Kirk S.

More information

Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi (India) CVL722 (Sem1, ) (Dr. Arun Kumar;

Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi (India) CVL722 (Sem1, ) (Dr. Arun Kumar; Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi (India) CVL722 (Sem1, 2015-16) (Dr. Arun Kumar; Email: arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in) Set 1 Do not submit. Please mention your assumptions explicitly. Q1. Say a raw

More information

Duncan. UNIT 8 - Chemical Equations BALANCING EQUATIONS PRACTICE WORKSHEET 14.) C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O. 2.) Na + I2 NaI 3.) N2 + O2 N2O 4.

Duncan. UNIT 8 - Chemical Equations BALANCING EQUATIONS PRACTICE WORKSHEET 14.) C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O. 2.) Na + I2 NaI 3.) N2 + O2 N2O 4. BALANCING EQUATIONS PRACTICE WORKSHEET 1.) CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O 2.) Na + I2 NaI 3.) N2 + O2 N2O 4.) N2 + H2 NH3 5.) KI + Cl2 KCl + I2 6.) HCl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + H2O 7.) KClO3 KCl + O2 8.) K3PO4 + HCl KCl

More information