THE EXPERIMENTAL PRACTICE OF GAPDH GENE CLONING AND SEQUENCING IN SPECIES OF BASIL AND CILANTRO
|
|
- Marlene Paul
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 THE EXPERIMENTAL PRACTICE OF GAPDH GENE CLONING AND SEQUENCING IN SPECIES OF BASIL AND CILANTRO Experiment Completed: November 29, 2011 Experiment Submitted: December 9, 2011 Genetics Lab Tuesday 11AM Matt Smith
2 The purpose of this experiment was to clone and sequence the GAPDH gene apparent in Basil and Cilantro plant species. GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is a primary enzyme utilized in the process of glycolysis. This gene has been shown to appear in the majority of plants, based on the fact that glycolysis is a primary function of life. In order to amplify this particular sequence, two methods of a polymerase chain reaction was used, including initial and nested, followed by purification. Negative results in the initial PCR suggested no amplification, however the nested and purified PCR results showed results. Pipetting errors were thought to be a potential cause of error. A blunt-end ligation was used for isolation and transformation was used to create a live culture of plasmid-inserted bacteria. Sufficient colonies were transformed and colonized using AMP/IPTG plates. Miniprep techniques facilitated the isolation of only the plasmid insert. This included the use of a BglII digest using particular restriction cut sites had found electrophoresis bands of 1000bp and 3000bp in the Cilantro plant, while three bands were found in the Basil plant. Overall success was determined by the successful amplification isolation of the gene, expressed through these methods. While not enough time was allotted for sequence analysis, an automation technique was the intended protocol for this sequence.
3 I. Introduction Cloning has provided immense advances in the world of genetics with the introduction of genetic engineering. It has been acknowledged in centuries past that one can manipulate and eventually reproduce particular plants simply through the process of replanting spawns (Seidel 2001). However, it has been found in recent decades that such genetic processes can apply to somatic cells, and in turn, animals. This, however, is a multi step process that involves much more than the simple seed. Since the first mammalian clone produced in 1990, the entire process has been observed on a more finite, molecular level. This can occur as it portrays itself on a bigger stage, such as a sheep (Seidel 2001). With this information comes an array of applications for the process. Uses range anywhere from cloning valuable animals/plants to commercialization of synthesized foods, and even transplantation of embryonic cells. Still, a large percentage of gene manipulation remains in research, and hopefully finding novel insights into cell function. According to Mulligan (2008), basic techniques of gene manipulation are used to grow a course of identical organisms, observing the efficiency of recombination. In bacteria, the plasmid is the central form of DNA, containing all genes. Due to its circular shape and ease of manipulation in the cell, the bacterial cell remains a popular medium for gene cloning. With this bacterial cell, one is able to insert fragments or genes of DNA onto this plasmid through DNA, creating subsequent recombinants (Mulligan 2008). This experiment will utilize bacterial cells in order to manipulate certain genes. Glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate dehydrogenase, otherwise known as GAPDH, is an enzyme used in the process of glycolysis (Figge and Cerff 2001). According to Figge and Cerff (2001), this gene has the ability to catalyze the two-sided inter-conversion between step 6 and 10 of glycolysis. GAPDH is seen within eukaryotes, eubacteria, and archaebacteria. However, most of these genes belong to one of two Gaps. It is believed that both gaps were originated from endosymbiotic gene transfers of certain bacterial descendants (Figge and Cerff 2001). This idea of gene transfer suggests the GAPDH gene can be manipulated and eventually recombined. Due to the importance of the gene in the role of glycolysis, GAPDH resides on the genome of all plants (Figge and Cerff 2001). While individual nucleotide sequences may vary, the end result remains the
4 same. GAPDH stands as an accessible gene that can be utilized for certain gene transfer processes. This is especially true when considering plants. All plants contain the GAPDH gene within the genome, thus giving them the drive to undergo glycolysis. Therefore, when considering gene manipulation and cloning, plant provide an abundant source of this particular gene across an array of species. The following experiment will seek to amplify a certain region of DNA encoded with this gene in order to observe the transfer of DNA fragments through cloned cells. Since plants will be used in the experiment, the plant sources used will optimistically possess the highest yield of DNA in order to conduct the experiment with success. Although without research, one cannot determine the amount of contained DNA from a simple phenotype. The focus will shift to the individual sample from each species taken instead of the species chosen. Since plant cells divide and grow most evenly soon after sprouting, the DNA contained in young leaf samples will be just as abundant, and remain far from plant death. As plants maturate and begin to die, the DNA lyses itself with the help of endonucleases. This can be seen on larger, discolored leaves that possess more of a brittle texture. Therefore, young, healthy plant samples would be beneficial for improving the yield of DNA for the experiment. In this experiment, two plant species will undergo a multistep process utilizing a number of different methods. One of the main techniques used is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This is a scientific technique used to amplify a particular piece of DNA, generating millions of copies of a DNA sequence (Joshi, 2010). This reaction has become a powerful technique used internationally in molecular biology due to its quick and inexpensive nature. Efficacy of a PCR reaction is measured by specificity, yield, and reliability of final results (Cha, 1993). Technique can go through one of two methods with separate purposes. Initial PCR carries out initial replication of target DNA, while nested PCR is a more specific modification of the prior technique, focusing on reducing product contamination seen from binding sites of unanticipated primers (Joshi, 2010). Utilization of the PCR reaction ultimately increases efficacy of target sequence. This experiment will begin by extracting plant sample DNA using spin columns and centrifugation. The obtained DNA will undergo two steps of PCR for amplification and purification and eventually tested on an electrophoresis gel. Using a blunted ligation, the
5 PCR products will be ligated and transformed with bacterial cells on an agar plate. This plasmid DNA will meet a restriction digest analysis and second purification. Once combined with sequencing primers and mailed to a sequencing facility, the purified plasmid sequence will be analyzed using Geospiza web portal. My hypothesis states that Basil and Arabidopsis will exhibit very similar DNA sequences based on the presence of the GAPDH gene in both plant species. Overall success of the experiment will be determined by the effective amplification of target GAPDH sequence using a number of described techniques, primarily, polymerase chain reaction. II. Methods DNA Preparation This study was conducted using two chosen plant species of Basil and Cilantro. Young, healthy leaf samples were obtained from each plant and ground with added lysis buffer and micropestle. Centrifugation pelleted material to the bottom of the microcentrifuge tube, leaving the supernatant for collection and dilution with 70% ethanol. Eluate was spun through capless collection tubes and columns. DNA was washed with wash buffer multiple times, and spun again to dry material. Addition of sterile water to the column bed was followed up by quantification of sample DNA with the NanoDrop program. Initial PCR 5 PCR tubes were labeled with appropriate solutions: 1-negative control, 2- Arabidopsis gdna, 3-positive control, 4-Basil, and 5-Cilantro. Blue Master-Mix containing initial primers was added to each tube, along with sterile water. A small sample of the DNA assigned was added to the appropriate PCR tubes and mixed with the pipette. These were placed into a thermal cycler, and eventually into a -20 C storage area. A 1% agarose gel was prepared with included GelStar. Small samples of each PCR tubes was placed into the wells of the gel, along with obtained ladder. The electrophoresis gel was run at 250V for 20 minutes.
6 Nested PCR Using previous prepared samples of DNA, exonuclease was added to fresh PCR tubes with each PCR samples. Once mixed with the micropipette, the exonuclease mixture was incubated at 37 C for 15 minutes. This was transferred to an 80 C water bath for another 15 minutes. After incubation, sterile water was placed into each tube for dilution. A small sample of this diluted mixture was placed into fresh tubes and centrifuged. Prepared samples were combined with Yellow Master-Mix, and samples taken from the assigned template. Once again, samples were placed into a thermal cycler and stored in 20 C. Purification of PCR Products Utilizing a process known as Size-Exclusion Chromatography, a PCR Kleen Spin column was used to purify obtained nested PCR products. This column contains beads with specific size pores to separate larger and smaller molecules of a mixture. Beads in the column were suspended and forcibly flicked them back down with a downward flick. Nested PCR products were placed on top of the beads in two columns, and centrifuged, disposing of everything but the column. Using a 1% agarose gel, nester and purified PCR products were checked for apparent bands using electrophoresis. Samples were set to run at 250V for 20 minutes. Ligation/Transformation Ligation has the ability to take the form of sticky-ended or blunt-ended methods. A blunt-end ligation was chosen for this experiment due to ease of cleavage, and high binding efficiency due to a lowered cost of primer synthesis. A blunting reaction was prepared with the following reagents: 2XLB (buffer), distilled water, purified PCR products, and proofreading polymerase. This solution mixture was incubated at 70 C and transferred to ice for cooling. A ligation reaction was prepared with reagents of T4 DNA Ligase and pjet1.2 blunted vector, which was combined with the blunting reaction. E.coli cells were chosen for this transformation and placed together with the ligation reaction. Cells were incubated on ice, then heat shocked at 42 C, and put back
7 on ice. SOC was placed into each tube and spread onto the corresponding AMP/IPTG plate and incubated at 37 C for 24 hours. Miniprep/Restriction Digest Utilization of the miniprep process allows isolation of the plasmid of interest. This was conducted by first creating a live culture of the (hopefully) transformed bacteria. Centrifugation pelleted bacteria, which allowed the supernatant to be removed, containing the plasmid. Lysis solution was added and mixed by inversion. A neutralization solution was consequently added after a period of 3 minutes to combat the added lysis, and then centrifuged, collecting a pellet. The supernatant was added to an appropriate column and spun, eventually washed with wash buffer. After a dry centrifuge run, elution solution was added on top of the column. Columns were spun, discarded, and capped only the tubes with the minprep plasmid DNA, which was stored at 4 C short term. Restriction digest was used to confirm insertion of the fragment into the host plasmid. BglII Master-Mix was added to the digestion tubes, along with miniprep DNA. Centrifugation collected materials and was then incubated at 37 C for 1 hour. A 1% agarose gel was used to check the digest. Sequencing Small samples of the obtained gene plasmids were combined with the appropriate primer needed for sequencing. The template is as follows: Basil-pJET Forward Cilantro-pJET Forward Basil-pJET Reverse Cilantro-pJET Reverse Basil-GAP Forward Cilantro-GAP Forward Basil-GAP Reverse Cilantro-GAP Reverse Upon combination of the samples with intended sequencing primers, samples were sent off to a sequencing facility, which used a technique of automation sequencing.
8 III. Results The GAPDH gene used in this experiment was ultimately cloned in order to analyze sequences of the particular gene fragment. Through sequential steps leading to the end sequence, success was determined numerically and physically at each step. gdna Extraction Upon retrieval of the plant material, the genomic DNA of both the Basil and Cilantro was extracted through the use of silica spin columns, collecting the purified DNA. Pelleted DNA was tested using the Nano-Drop system, recording results shown in Table 1. Positive results of notable DNA indicate the successful extraction of DNA from the plants. Initial mass of each plant sample varied slightly, thus wavering the difference in DNA concentrations for each plant. Initial PCR The initial PCR set-up utilized a 2x blue master mix along with each of the 5 sample lanes. Electrophoresis was the test of choice to test success of the procedure, indicating any presence of the correct bands at the correct base pair levels. Using a 500 base pair ladder, the gel image in Figure 1 confirms a bright band in lane 3 and even brighter band in lane 4. Lane 3, containing the positive control gdna, generated a band size of 1000 base pairs. This control acted as a check within the experiment to ensure proper plasmid activity. Lane 4, containing the pgap GAPDH gene, also generated a 1000 base pair band, at an even brighter and more concentrated brightness. Experimental samples of Basil (5) and Cilantro (6) generated no apparent band, of any size. Nested PCR/PCR Purification The nested PCR procedure hoped to increase the amount of target sequence, as well as ensure specificity of the target. Following a similar procedure, but instead used a 2x yellow master mix with nested primers. Along with these set-up nested PCR products, were the purified nested PCR products. Electrophoresis was once again the test of choice, portraying bands shown in Figure 2. Using a 500 base pair ladder. Bands were generated in lanes 2-7. Lane 1 (negative control) generated no band, as expected. Bold bands were
9 expressed in lanes 3-5, and 7-8. Both nested PCR products (P1, P2) and purified nested PCR products (PP1, PP2) generated bold bands at the 1000 base pair level. Dark bands were apparent in these described lands. Lane 6 generated two faint bands at the same base pair level. Ligation/Transformation The insertion of the purified PCR product into a sufficient vector (plasmid) was chosen to utilize the pjet plasmid. The purified fragment was inserted to the pjet plasmid through blunt-end ligation in which the ligase added two end phosphodiester bonds to link the product to the plasmid. Eco471R, coded for a restriction enzyme, provided a layer of selection in the ligation process (Figure 3). Using AMP/IPTG selection plates, and competent E.coli cells, the ligated product was plated and transformed overnight, producing total colonies of 16 for Basil and 11 for Cilantro (Table 2). Transformation efficiency was calculated for each of the samples, resulting in efficiencies seen in Table 2. Hoping to see numerical data of similar value, the efficiencies varied by about 10,000 colonies/µg DNA. Miniprep/Bgl II Digest The plasmid of interest was isolated through a miniprep process and inserted into a new host. Success of the procedure was tested on an agarose gel through electrophoresis. Figure 4 expresses both bands of 1000 bp and 3000 bp sizes. Using a 500 base pair ladder, Lane 2 (P1) expressed a band at 3000 bp, but generated two more bands, one showing a size of 500 base pair. Lane 3 (P2) exhibited expected results with bands at the 1000bp and 3000 bp size. Sequencing Directing protocol from Table 3, GAPDH gene plasmids were combined with sequencing primers before sending off to the sequencing facility.
10 IV. Discussion Success of this experiment was contingent on a number of factors and techniques utilized in the described protocol. Although several methods were used, overall success was thought to be determined primarily by the successful amplification of the target DNA sequence of GAPDH using necessary PCR reactions. With the outcome of the experiment determined by early processes, the techniques used were done so in a careful manner. Plant samples of Basil and Cilantro were collected based on overall age and health. Younger leaves were preferred since their cells would still be in the process of growing, ensuring lively cells full of DNA needed for growth. The initial PCR process tested the quality of DNA. An electrophoresis gel, however, did not show any bands for each of the plant samples. This suggested that no DNA was amplified, however a possible source of error may have been regarding the loading of the gels. The micropipette could have released a portion of the sample into the buffer; possibly creating a band that was too faint to see without adequate amount of sample solution. The nested PCR technique generated a gel image with expected solid bands of the positive/negative control and Arabidopsis sample. Interestingly enough, both plants had generated bands of the nested and purified PCR technique. This ensured amplification had in fact been conducted on the target sequence. Ligation and transformation using E.coli cells had provided positive results with sufficient colonies collected. Miniprep procedure had been completed successfully, with the isolation of the plasmid. The BglII digest results were apparent on an electrophoresis gel. The sample of Cilantro DNA sequence had produced two expected bands. Basil had produced three bands, one of which was faint in brightness. This was most likely due to the presence of another BglII restriction site. This created an additional cut site, which generated three pieces of DNA instead of the intended, two. With the presence of purified bands on this gel, proper DNA sequences had been prepared well enough to be sent off to a sequencing facility. There was not enough time, however, to receive and analyze the proper sequences. If more time was allotted, future studies could observe the sequence of each plant DNA as compared to the sequence of Arabidopsis. Expected results would show these plant species are very similar in terms of nucleotide sequences.
11 References: Cha, R.S., and Thilly, W.G Specificity, efficiency, and fidelity of PCR. Journal of Genome Research. 3: Figge, R., Cerff, R GAPDH gene diversity in spirochetes: a paradigm for genetic promiscuity. Journal of Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28(12): Joshi, M., and Deshpande, J.D Polymerase chain reaction: methods, principles, and application. International Journal of Biomedical Research. 1(5): Mulligan, P Genetic engineering. AccessScience [serial online] Seidel, G Cloning (genetics). AccessScience [serial online] 1-9.
12 P1 P bp 1000bp 500bp Figure 1. Electrophoresis Gel exhibiting amplification of particular genomic regions through an initial PCR reaction of both Basil and Cilantro Plant Samples. A 500 base pair ladder was used in lane 1. P1 portrays Basil, while P2 represents Cilantro. Lane 2 represents a negative control, Lane 3 represents Arabidopsis gdna, Lane 4 portrays a positive control, Lane 5 represents Basil plant sample, and Lane 6 represents Cilantro plants sample. DNA samples were combined with blue master mix. Agarose gel was run at 250 V for 20 minutes.
13 L A + P1 P2 PP1 PP bp 500bp Figure 2. Electrophoresis gel expressing amplification of nested PCR products and purified nested PCR products of both Basil and Cilantro plant samples. A 500 base pair ladder was used. P1 represents Basil, while P2 represents Cilantro. PP1 and PP2 represent purified PCR products of the two samples. Negative (-) and positive (+) controls are portrayed in lanes 3 and 7 respectively. Arabidopsis (A) is portrayed in lane 5.
14 Not I Eco52 I Bgl II Kpn2 I PsoX I Eco88 I Xho I Xba I Bgl II Btg I Eco130 I Nco I Bsu15 I bla(amp R ) pjet bp Eco471R Rep(pMB1) Figure 3. pjet 1.2 blunted vector with incorporated Eco471R coding for restriction enzymes. Several restriction enzymes are listed in green section including BglII, the enzyme of interest. Bla(amp r ) and Rep(pMB1) are incorporated as transcriptional regulators of the plasmid in the cell.
15 P1 P bp 1000bp 500bp Figure 4. Electrophoresis gel of restriction digestion protocol for both Basil and Cilantro plant samples. A 500 base pair ladder was used. P1 portrays Basil, while P2 portrays Cilantro. Agarose gel was run at 250 V for 20 minutes.
16 Table 1. Concentration of genomic DNA samples taken from plant species using Nanodrop. Plant Name Part of Plant Weight 1 Concentration of DNA 2 Basil Leaf Cilantro Leaf =milligrams (mg) 2 = ng/µg
17 Table 2. Transformation and ligation of a purified PCR product containing GAPDH using the pjet plasmid. Plant Name Colonies Observed Transformation Efficiency 2 Basil ,927 Cilantro ,325 1 =AMP/IPTG selection plates 2 =colonies/µg DNA
18
Figure 1. Map of cloning vector pgem T-Easy (bacterial plasmid DNA)
Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi CHEM4402 Biochemistry II Laboratory Laboratory 6: Ligation & Bacterial Transformation (Bring your text and laptop to class if you wish to work on your assignment during
More informationLecture Four. Molecular Approaches I: Nucleic Acids
Lecture Four. Molecular Approaches I: Nucleic Acids I. Recombinant DNA and Gene Cloning Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been created artificially. DNA from two or more sources is incorporated into a single
More information7.1 Techniques for Producing and Analyzing DNA. SBI4U Ms. Ho-Lau
7.1 Techniques for Producing and Analyzing DNA SBI4U Ms. Ho-Lau What is Biotechnology? From Merriam-Webster: the manipulation of living organisms or their components to produce useful usually commercial
More informationSynthetic Biology for
Synthetic Biology for Plasmids and DNA Digestion Plasmids Plasmids are small DNA molecules that are separate from chromosomal DNA They are most commonly found as double stranded, circular DNA Typical plasmids
More informationHE Swift Cloning Kit
HE Swift Cloning Kit For high-efficient cloning of PCR products either blunt or sticky-end Kit Contents Contents VTT-BB05 phe Vector (35 ng/µl) 20 µl T4 DNA Ligase (3 U/µl) 20 µl 2 Reaction Buffer 100
More informationMolecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 11: Recombinant DNA
Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 11: Recombinant DNA Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following statements about the sources of DNA used for molecular cloning is correct? Question #1 (A) cdna
More informationPresto Soil DNA Extraction Kit
Instruction Manual Ver. 02.23.17 For Research Use Only Presto Soil DNA Extraction Kit Advantages SLD004 (4 Preparation Sample Kit) SLD050 (50 Preparation Kit) SLD100 (100 Preparation Kit) Sample: 250-500
More informationNZYGene Synthesis kit
Kit components Component Concentration Amount NZYGene Synthesis kit Catalogue number: MB33901, 10 reactions GS DNA Polymerase 1U/ μl 30 μl Reaction Buffer for GS DNA Polymerase 10 150 μl dntp mix 2 mm
More informationITS Sequencing in Millepora. 10/09 Subcloning DNA Fragments into pbluescript Preparation of pbluescript Vector
Page 1 of 5 10/09 Subcloning DNA Fragments into pbluescript Preparation of pbluescript Vector 1. Digest 1 µg of pbluescript with Eco RI 2. Following digestion, add 0.1 volumes of 3M sodium acetate (ph
More informationGateway Cloning Protocol (Clough Lab Edition) This document is a modification of the Gateway cloning protocol developed by Manju in Chris Taylor's lab
Gateway Cloning Protocol (Clough Lab Edition) This document is a modification of the Gateway cloning protocol developed by Manju in Chris Taylor's lab With the Gateway cloning system, a PCR fragment is
More informationRapid amplification of cdna ends (RACE)
Rapid amplification of cdna ends (RACE) Rapid amplification of cdna ends (RACE) is a technique used in molecular biology to obtain the full length sequence of an RNA transcript found within a cell. RACE
More informationHetero-Stagger PCR Cloning Kit
Product Name: Code No: Size: DynaExpress Hetero-Stagger PCR Cloning Kit DS150 20 reactions Kit Components: Box 1 (-20 ) phst-1 Vector, linearized Annealing Buffer Ligase Mixture phst Forward Sequence Primer
More informationPolymerase Chain Reaction
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplify your insert or verify its presence 3H Taq platinum PCR mix primers Ultrapure Water PCR tubes PCR machine A. Insert amplification For insert amplification, use the Taq
More informationpgm-t Cloning Kit Cat. # : GVT202 Size : 20 Reactions Store at -20
pgm-t Cloning Kit Cat. # : GVT202 Size : 20 Reactions Store at -20 1 Kit Contents Contents pgm-t Cloning Kit pgm-t Vector (50 ng/μl) 20 μl T4 DNA Ligase (3 U/μl) 20 μl 10X T4 DNA Ligation Buffer 30 μl
More informationPlantDirect TM Multiplex PCR System
PlantDirect TM Multiplex PCR System Technical Manual No. 0178 Version 10112010 I Description.. 1 II Applications 2 III Key Features.. 3 IV Shipping and Storage. 3 V Simplified Procedures. 3 VI Detailed
More informationApplication of Molecular Biology tools for cloning of a foreign gene
IFM/Kemi Linköpings Universitet September 2013/LGM Labmanual Project course Application of Molecular Biology tools for cloning of a foreign gene Table of contents Introduction... 3 Amplification of a gene
More informationCold Fusion Cloning Kit. Cat. #s MC100A-1, MC101A-1. User Manual
Fusion Cloning technology Cold Fusion Cloning Kit Store the master mixture and positive controls at -20 C Store the competent cells at -80 C. (ver. 120909) A limited-use label license covers this product.
More informationBring a Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory into the Classroom of HKUST
Bring a Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory into the Classroom of HKUST Prof. Kathy Q. Luo and Prof. Donald C. Chang Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program and Dept. of Biology HK
More informationData Sheet Quick PCR Cloning Kit
Data Sheet Quick PCR Cloning Kit 6044 Cornerstone Ct. West, Ste. E DESCRIPTION: The Quick PCR Cloning Kit is a simple and highly efficient method to insert any gene or DNA fragment into a vector, without
More informationCat # Box1 Box2. DH5a Competent E. coli cells CCK-20 (20 rxns) 40 µl 40 µl 50 µl x 20 tubes. Choo-Choo Cloning TM Enzyme Mix
Molecular Cloning Laboratories User Manual Version 3.3 Product name: Choo-Choo Cloning Kits Cat #: CCK-10, CCK-20, CCK-096, CCK-384 Description: Choo-Choo Cloning is a highly efficient directional PCR
More informationPresto Stool DNA Extraction Kit
Instruction Manual Ver. 10.21.17 For Research Use Only Presto Stool DNA Extraction Kit Advantages STLD004 (4 Preparation Sample Kit) STLD050 (50 Preparation Kit) STLD100 (100 Preparation Kit) Sample: 180-200
More informationMission (Im)possible: Plasmid Mapping Student Materials
Mission (Im)possible: Plasmid Mapping Student Materials Introduction... 2 Pre-Lab Questions... 6 Lab Protocol... 7 Data Collection Worksheet... 11 Post-Lab Questions and Analysis... 12 Last updated: August
More informationPCR Detection of Genetically Modified (GM) Foods Protocol
PCR Detection of Genetically Modified (GM) Foods Protocol Purpose Isolate DNA from corn-based food so that the Polymerase Chain Reaction can be used to determine whether the selected foods have been genetically
More informationManipulation of Purified DNA
Manipulation of Purified DNA To produce the recombinant DNA molecule, the vector, as well as the DNA to be cloned, must be cut at specific points and then joined together in a controlled manner by DNA
More informationSuperTCRExpress TM Human TCR Vβ Repertoire CDR3 Diversity Determination (Spectratyping) and Quantitative Analysis Kit
SuperTCRExpress TM Human TCR Vβ Repertoire CDR3 Diversity Determination (Spectratyping) and Quantitative Analysis Kit Cat. No. H0521 Size: 2 sets (22 Vβ families/each, with enzymes) H0522 Size: 4 sets
More informationpgm-t Cloning Kit For direct cloning of PCR products generated by Taq DNA polymerases For research use only Cat. # : GVT202 Size : 20 Reactions
pgm-t Cloning Kit For direct cloning of PCR products generated by Taq DNA polymerases Cat. # : GVT202 Size : 20 Reactions Store at -20 For research use only 1 pgm-t Cloning Kit Cat. No.: GVT202 Kit Contents
More informationAmgen Laboratory Series. Tabs C and E
Amgen Laboratory Series Tabs C and E Chapter 2A Goals Describe the characteristics of plasmids Explain how plasmids are used in cloning a gene Describe the function of restriction enzymes Explain how to
More informationSoil DNA Extraction Kit
Instruction Manual Ver. 09.23.16 For Research Use Only Soil DNA Extraction Kit Advantages IB47800 (4 Preparation Sample Kit) IB47801 (50 Preparation Kit) IB47802 (100 Preparation Kit) Sample: 250-500 mg
More informationBIOTECHNOLOGY. Sticky & blunt ends. Restriction endonucleases. Gene cloning an overview. DNA isolation & restriction
BIOTECHNOLOGY RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Recombinant DNA technology involves sticking together bits of DNA from different sources. Made possible because DNA & the genetic code are universal. 2004 Biology
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.20 - BIOTECHNOLOGY.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: DNA CLONING DNA cloning is a technique that inserts a foreign gene into a living host to replicate the gene and produce gene products. Transformation the process by which
More informationColony Fast-Screen Kit (Restriction Screen)
Colony Fast-Screen Kit (Restriction Screen) Cat. No. FS0472H Connect with Epicentre on our blog (epicentral.blogspot.com), Facebook (facebook.com/epicentrebio), and Twitter (@EpicentreBio). www.epicentre.com
More informationB. Incorrect! Ligation is also a necessary step for cloning.
Genetics - Problem Drill 15: The Techniques in Molecular Genetics No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following is not part of the normal process of cloning recombinant DNA in bacteria? (A) Restriction endonuclease
More informationTIANgel Mini DNA Purification Kit
TIANgel Mini DNA Purification Kit For DNA purification from agarose and polyacrylamide gels www.tiangen.com/en DP130419 TIANgel Mini DNA Purification Kit Kit Contents (Spin column) Cat. no. DP208 Contents
More informationPresto Mini Plasmid Kit
Instruction Manual Ver. 03.06.17 For Research Use Only Presto Mini Plasmid Kit PDH004 (4 Preparation Sample Kit) PDH100 (100 Preparation Kit) PDH300 (300 Preparation Kit) Advantages Sample: 1-7 ml of cultured
More informationBiotechnology. Chapter 20. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 20 Biotechnology PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright
More informationHy-Fy High Fidelity Mix (x2)
Hy-Fy High Fidelity Mix (x2) #EZ-2021 1ml, 100rxn of 20μl Contents: 2X High Fidelity Mix 1ml Nuclease-free water 1ml Store at -20 C Shelf life: 2 years Description Hy-Fy High Fidelity Mix (x2) is a premixed,
More informationCHAPTER 4A MAKING SURE YOU VE GOT A RECOMBINANT PLASMID. CHAPTER 4A STUDENT GUIDE 2013 Amgen Foundation. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER 4A MAKING SURE YOU VE GOT A RECOMBINANT PLASMID 55 INTRODUCTION When biologists clone a gene in order to produce human insulin, they create a recombinant plasmid that has the human insulin gene.
More informationGuide-it sgrna In Vitro Transcription and Screening Systems User Manual
Guide-it sgrna In Vitro Transcription and Screening Systems User Manual Cat. Nos. 632638, 632639, 632635, 632636, 632637 (040618) 1290 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA U.S. Technical Support:
More informationCloning and Sequencing Explorer Series Planning Guide
Biotechnology Explorer explorer.bio-rad.com Cloning and Sequencing Explorer Series Planning Guide Catalog #166-5000EDU Note: This document is for planning purposes only and may vary from the final product
More informationI-Blue Midi Plasmid Kit. I-Blue Midi Plasmid Kit. (Endotoxin Free) IBI SCIENTIFIC. Instruction Manual Ver For Research Use Only.
Instruction Manual Ver. 05.11.17 For Research Use Only I-Blue Midi Plasmid Kit & I-Blue Midi Plasmid Kit (Endotoxin Free) IB47180, IB47190 (2 Preparation Sample Kit) IB47181, IB47191 (25 Preparation Kit)
More informationVDL101.3 CLONING TRANSGENE INTO pad5f35
Purpose 1.1. The purpose of this protocol is to transfer a transgene from the pshuttlex plasmid to pad5/f35. 1.2. The starting material is 10 μg plasmid DNA. 1.3. This procedure is routinely performed
More informationNon-Organic-Based Isolation of Mammalian microrna using Norgen s microrna Purification Kit
Application Note 13 RNA Sample Preparation Non-Organic-Based Isolation of Mammalian microrna using Norgen s microrna Purification Kit B. Lam, PhD 1, P. Roberts, MSc 1 Y. Haj-Ahmad, M.Sc., Ph.D 1,2 1 Norgen
More informationReady_to_use Fast Seamless Cloning Kit. User Manual
For general laboratory use. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. FOR IN VITRO USE ONLY. Ready_to_use Fast Seamless Cloning Kit User Manual 1 / 6 Tel: 021-58975266 Fax: 021-50800270 Email:tech@dogene.com
More informationMolecular Genetics Techniques. BIT 220 Chapter 20
Molecular Genetics Techniques BIT 220 Chapter 20 What is Cloning? Recombinant DNA technologies 1. Producing Recombinant DNA molecule Incorporate gene of interest into plasmid (cloning vector) 2. Recombinant
More informationAmplifying the ALU intron for Hardy- Weinberg Analysis Part 1
Bio 212 Lab Name: Amplifying the ALU intron for Hardy- Weinberg Analysis Part 1 OBJECTIVES: Review the following terms and concepts presented in Biology 211: enzymes, DNA structure and replication, role
More informationRecombinants and Transformation
Jesse Ruben Partner Roman Verner BMB 442 Recombinants and Transformation Introduction The goal of this experiment was to take two antibiotic resistance genes for ampicillin and kanamycin from plasmids
More informationTexas A&M University-Corpus Christi CHEM4402 Biochemistry II Laboratory Laboratory 8: DNA Restriction Digest (II) and DNA Sequencing (I)
Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi CHEM4402 Biochemistry II Laboratory Laboratory 8: DNA Restriction Digest (II) and DNA Sequencing (I) We have made considerable progress in our analysis of the gene for
More informationP HENIX. PHENIX PCR Enzyme Guide Tools For Life Science Discovery RESEARCH PRODUCTS
PHENIX PCR Enzyme Guide PHENIX offers a broad line of premium quality PCR Enzymes. This PCR Enzyme Guide will help simplify your polymerase selection process. Each DNA Polymerase has different characteristics
More informationHigh Pure RNA Isolation Kit for isolation of total RNA from 50 samples Cat. No
for isolation of total RNA from 50 samples Cat. No. 1 88 665 Principle A single reagent lyses the sample lysis and inactivates RNase. In the presence of a chaotropic salt (guanidine HCl), the released
More informationChapter 8: Recombinant DNA. Ways this technology touches us. Overview. Genetic Engineering
Chapter 8 Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering Genetic manipulation Ways this technology touches us Criminal justice The Justice Project, started by law students to advocate for DNA testing of Death
More informationNUCLEIC ACID PURIFICATION KITS FAST SIMPLE QUALITY CONVENIENT REPRODUCIBLE
NUCLEIC ACID PURIFICATION KITS FAST SIMPLE QUALITY CONVENIENT REPRODUCIBLE COMPANY PROFILE Since its founding in 1998,, Inc. has been at the forefront of nucleic acid purification by offering products
More informationGenetics and Genomics in Medicine Chapter 3. Questions & Answers
Genetics and Genomics in Medicine Chapter 3 Multiple Choice Questions Questions & Answers Question 3.1 Which of the following statements, if any, is false? a) Amplifying DNA means making many identical
More informationGel/PCR Extraction Kit
Gel/PCR Extraction Kit Item No: EX-GP200 (200rxns) Content Content Binding Buffer BD Wash Buffer PE Elution Buffer (10 mm Tris-HCl, ph 8.5) Spin Columns EX-GP200 80 ml 20 mlx3 10 ml 200 each Description
More informationSession 4 Plasmid Mini-Preparation & Restriction Digestion
Session 4 Plasmid Mini-Preparation & Restriction Digestion Learning Objective: The goal of this exercise is to become familiar with the procedure for isolating plasmid DNA from bacteria and running a restriction
More informationChIP DNA Clean & Concentrator Catalog Nos. D5201 & D5205
Page 0 INSTRUCTION MANUAL ChIP DNA Clean & Concentrator Catalog Nos. D5201 & D5205 Highlights Quick (2 minute) recovery of ultra-pure DNA from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, cell lysates,
More informationCloning a Fluorescent Gene
Cloning a Fluorescent Gene Laboratory Protocols Handout v1.10 Table of Contents Lab 1: Pipettes and Pipetting... 2 Lab 2: Polymerase Chain Reaction... 5 Lab 3: Ligation... 7 Lab 4: Transformation... 9
More informationFigure 1: E. Coli lysate transfer using liquid handling automation
Figure 1: E. Coli lysate transfer using liquid handling automation Figure 1 - E. coli lysate transfer using liquid handling automation. Following the manufacturer s procedures, a 96-well plate miniprep
More informationMolecular Scissors: Lambda Digest Student Materials
Molecular Scissors: Lambda Digest Student Materials Introduction 2 Pre-Lab Questions. 5 Lab Protocol 6 Data Collection Worksheet. 9 Post-Lab Questions and Analysis.. 10 Plasmid Maps. 13 Last updated: August
More informationProcedure & Checklist - Preparing SMRTbell Libraries using PacBio Barcoded Universal Primers for Multiplex SMRT Sequencing
Procedure & Checklist - Preparing SMRTbell Libraries using PacBio Barcoded Universal Primers for Multiplex SMRT Sequencing Before You Begin This document describes methods for generating barcoded PCR products
More informationml recombinant E. coli cultures (at a density of A 600 units per ml)
for purification of plasmid DNA, from bacterial cultures Cat. No. 1 754 777 (50 purifications) Cat. No. 1 754 785 (50 purifications) Principle Alkaline lysis releases plasmid DNA from bacteria and RNase
More informationHurricane Miniprep Kit PROTOCOL
Hurricane Miniprep Kit PROTOCOL Description: The Hurricane Miniprep Kit is designed for purification of up to 25 ug of high purity plasmid DNA from a starting volume of 2-5 ml of bacterial culture. The
More informationQuantum Prep PCR Kleen Spin Columns
Quantum Prep PCR Kleen Spin Columns Catalog Numbers 732-6300 (25 pack) 732-6301 (100 pack) Bio-Rad Laboratories, 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, CA 94547 4006142 Rev B Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction...
More informationRecitation CHAPTER 9 DNA Technologies
Recitation CHAPTER 9 DNA Technologies DNA Cloning: General Scheme A cloning vector and eukaryotic chromosomes are separately cleaved with the same restriction endonuclease. (A single chromosome is shown
More informationLab 8: Bacterial Transformation with pglo for Protein Production
OBJECTIVES: Lab 8: Bacterial Transformation with pglo for Protein Production Describe the principles of chromatography. Explain the procedure for the production of engineered proteins. Isolate the Green
More informationAmplified segment of DNA can be purified from bacteria in sufficient quantity and quality for :
Transformation Insertion of DNA of interest Amplification Amplified segment of DNA can be purified from bacteria in sufficient quantity and quality for : DNA Sequence. Understand relatedness of genes and
More informationMolecular Techniques Third-year Biology
PLANNING Genetics Lab practices Molecular Techniques. Genetics Lab practices protocol. 2015-16 PCR-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS, MOLECULAR CLONING AND RESTRICTION ANALYSIS Sessions 1 & 2 (2x3 hours): PCR-directed
More informationDNA miniprep by Alkaline Lysis (activity)
DNA miniprep by Alkaline Lysis (activity) Contents 1 Alkaline Lysis 2 Exercise 1: Plasmid DNA Mini-Prep by Alkaline Lysis 3 Identification of Plasmid DNA 4 Exercise 2: Restriction Digestion Identification
More informationBIOLOGY 163 LABORATORY. RESTRICTION MAPPING OF PLASMID DNA (Revised Fall 2017)
BIOLOGY 163 LABORATORY RESTRICTION MAPPING OF PLASMID DNA (Revised Fall 2017) Physical mapping of genomes is an important part of modern molecular genetics. As it's name implies, physical mapping seeks
More informationGuide-it sgrna In Vitro Transcription and Screening Systems User Manual
Clontech Laboratories, Inc. Guide-it sgrna In Vitro Transcription and Screening Systems User Manual Cat. Nos. 631438, 631439 & 631440 (042114) Clontech Laboratories, Inc. A Takara Bio Company 1290 Terra
More informationBio 121 LAB 11 INSTRUCTIONS - DNA II
Bio 121 LAB 11 INSTRUCTIONS - DNA II In the first part of today's lab we will demonstrate that the DNA which we extracted last week can create heritable changes in the phenotype of bacterial cells. We
More informationXXII DNA cloning and sequencing. Outline
XXII DNA cloning and sequencing 1) Deriving DNA for cloning Outline 2) Vectors; forming recombinant DNA; cloning DNA; and screening for clones containing recombinant DNA [replica plating and autoradiography;
More informationBIO 121 LAB 10 - DNA I
BIO 121 LAB 10 - DNA I All cellular organisms store their hereditary information as the precise sequence of nucleotides in DNA, just as written information is stored as the precise sequence of letters
More informationDNA Technology. Asilomar Singer, Zinder, Brenner, Berg
DNA Technology Asilomar 1973. Singer, Zinder, Brenner, Berg DNA Technology The following are some of the most important molecular methods we will be using in this course. They will be used, among other
More informationComplete protocol in 110 minutes Enzymatic fragmentation without sonication One-step fragmentation/tagging to save time
Molecular Cloning Laboratories Manual Version 1.2 Product name: MCNext UT DNA Sample Prep Kit Cat #: MCUDS-4, MCUDS-24, MCUDS-96 Description: This protocol explains how to prepare up to 96 pooled indexed
More informationpeco TM -T7-nGST, Eco cloning Kit User Manual (Patent pending)
peco TM -T7-nGST, Eco cloning Kit User Manual (Patent pending) Cloning PCR products for E Coli expression of N-term GST-tagged protein Cat# Contents Amounts Application IC-1004 peco-t7-ngst vector built-in
More informationDescription...1 Components...1 Storage... 1 Technical Information...1 Protocol...2 Examples using the kit...4 Troubleshooting...
QuickClean II Gel Extraction Kit Cat. No. L00418 Technical Manual No. TM0594 Version: 03042011 I II III IV V VI VII VIII Description......1 Components.....1 Storage.... 1 Technical Information....1 Protocol.....2
More informationMission (Im)possible: Determine the Identity of Unknown Plasmids. Student Materials. Introduction Lab Protocol... 5
Mission (Im)possible: Determine the Identity of Unknown Plasmids Student Materials Introduction... 2 Lab Protocol... 5 Data Collection Worksheet... 9 Pre-Lab Questions... 10 Post-Lab Questions and Analysis...
More informationGenBuilder TM Cloning Kit User Manual
GenBuilder TM Cloning Kit User Manual Cat.no L00701 Version 11242017 Ⅰ. Introduction... 2 I.1 Product Information... 2 I.2 Kit Contents and Storage... 2 I.3 GenBuilder Cloning Kit Workflow... 2 Ⅱ. DNA
More informationStool DNA Isolation Kit
Product Information Norgen s provides a convenient and rapid method to isolate total DNA from fresh or frozen stool samples. The universal protocol conveniently allows for the isolation of total genomic
More informationRestriction Enzymes (endonucleases)
In order to understand and eventually manipulate DNA (human or otherwise) an array of DNA technologies have been developed. Here are some of the tools: Restriction Enzymes (endonucleases) In order to manipulate
More informationPlasmid Midiprep Plus Purification Kit. Cat. # : DP01MD-P10/ DP01MD-P50 Size : 10/50 Reactions Store at RT For research use only
Plasmid Midiprep Plus Purification Kit Cat. # : DP01MD-P10/ DP01MD-P50 Size : 10/50 Reactions Store at RT For research use only 1 Description: The Plasmid Midiprep Plus Purification Kit provides simple
More informationTable of Contents. i. Insertion of DNA fragments into plasmid vector...4. ii. Self-circularization of linear blunt-ended DNA...4
Table of Contents I. Description...2 II. Kit Components...2 III. Storage...2 IIV. Notes...2 V. Reference...3 VI. PROCEDURES A. Dephosphorylation of vector DNA...3 B. Blunting reaction...3 C. Ligation reaction
More informationOverview: The DNA Toolbox
Overview: The DNA Toolbox Sequencing of the genomes of more than 7,000 species was under way in 2010 DNA sequencing has depended on advances in technology, starting with making recombinant DNA In recombinant
More informationGeneaid Maxi Plasmid Kit & Geneaid Maxi Plasmid Kit (Endotoxin Free)
Geneaid Maxi Plasmid Kit & Geneaid Maxi Plasmid Kit (Endotoxin Free) PM002, PME02 (2 Preparation Sample Kit) PM010, PME10 (10 Preparation Kit) PM025, PME25 (25 Preparation Kit) Instruction Manual Ver.
More informationVector Linearization. igem TU/e 2015 Biomedical Engineering
igem TU/e 2015 Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Room: Ceres 0.04 Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands Tel. no. +31 50 247 55 59 2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven Vector
More informationHiPer RT-PCR Teaching Kit
HiPer RT-PCR Teaching Kit Product Code: HTBM024 Number of experiments that can be performed: 5 Duration of Experiment: Protocol: 4 hours Agarose Gel Electrophoresis: 45 minutes Storage Instructions: The
More informationTaKaRa MiniBEST Plasmid Purification Kit Ver.4.0
Cat. # 9760 For Research Use TaKaRa MiniBEST Plasmid Purification Kit Ver.4.0 Product Manual Table of Contents I. Description... 3 II. Kit Components... 3 III. Shipping and Storage... 4 IV. Preparation
More informationPolymerase Chain Reaction PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR What is PCR? An in vitro process that detects, identifies, and copies (amplifies) a specific piece of DNA in a biological sample. Discovered by Dr. Kary Mullis in 1983. A
More informationCloning Tetrahymena Gene THD9 Bridget Tabora & Caitlin Roam Fall 2009
Cloning Tetrahymena Gene THD9 Bridget Tabora & Caitlin Roam Fall 2009 Abstract: HDACs are enzymes that modify histones and regulate gene expression. Sirtuins are a specific class of HDAC, and they relate
More informationBiotechnology (Chapter 20) Objectives
Biotechnology (Chapter 20) Objectives Understand the background science behind the technology applications Understand the tools and details of the technology Develop familiarity with performing the select
More informationNucleic acid-free silica-matrix: Regeneration of DNA binding columns
MAXXBOND ready-to-use - Kit for the regeneration of DNA binding columns with pure silica matrices Product No. MB007 Nucleic acid-free silica-matrix: Regeneration of DNA binding columns efficient and easy
More informationTIANquick Mini Purification Kit
TIANquick Mini Purification Kit For purification of PCR products, 100 bp to 10 kb www.tiangen.com/en DP121221 TIANquick Mini Purification Kit (Spin column) Cat no. DP203 Kit Contents Contents Buffer BL
More information2014 Pearson Education, Inc. CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology
CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology Biotechnology the use of microorganisms to make practical products Recombinant DNA = DNA from 2 different sources What is Recombinant DNA Technology? modifying genomes
More informationGENETIC ENGINEERING worksheet
Section A: Genetic Engineering Overview 1. What is genetic engineering? 2. Put the steps of genetic engineering in order. Recombinant product is isolated, purified and analyzed before marketing. The DNA
More informationFROM EXPERIMENTS IN BACTERIAL GENETICS AND GENE TECHNIQUE
Uppsala 2001-04-01 REPORT FROM EXPERIMENTS IN BACTERIAL GENETICS AND GENE TECHNIQUE Laboratory assistants: Maria Jönsson Amera Gibreel Students: Contents ASSIGNMENT:... 3 INTRODUCTION:... 3 MATERIAL AND
More informationPresto Food DNA Extraction Kit
Instruction Manual Ver. 06.28.17 For Research Use Only Presto Food DNA Extraction Kit Advantages FGD004 (4 Preparation Sample Kit) FGD100 (100 Preparation Kit) FGD300 (300 Preparation Kit) Sample: 200
More information1. Why do DNA restriction fragments and plasmids separate when analyzed by gel electrophoresis?
INTRODUCTION When biologists clone a gene in order to produce human insulin, they create a recombinant plasmid that has the insulin gene. To do so, they use restriction enzymes to create DNA fragments
More informationAmplification Products for PCR and RT-PCR
Selection guide Polymerase Hot start Comment UptiTherm DNA pol. no Most economic. Lower error rate than Taq polymerase Available in several formats, master mix including or not dntp, Mg 2+..., in gel format
More informationRegulation of enzyme synthesis
Regulation of enzyme synthesis The lac operon is an example of an inducible operon - it is normally off, but when a molecule called an inducer is present, the operon turns on. The trp operon is an example
More information