Testing Methods and Standards for Magnetic Resonance (MR) Safety and Compatibility of Medical Devices - Update
|
|
- Jessica Stevenson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Testing Services for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Therapy Testing Methods Stards for Magnetic Resonance (MR) Safety Compatibility of Medical Devices - Update G. Schaefers MR:comp GmbH MR Testing Laboratory Buschgrundstr Gelsenkirchen Germany
2 Introduction Important product groups interacting with MR vascular implants stents, filters, clips, valves interventional instruments catheters, guidewires, endoscopes, orthopedic implants prostheses, fixation devices active implants medical electrical devices robots, monitoring equipment, injectors surgical instruments prostheses, fixation devices Innomotion, MR robot, Innomedic, Germany
3 The MR environment Controlled area 0.5 mt line MR cabin or Magnet room MR system MR-imaging volume MR system e.g. technical room
4 Subjects Methods Why is MR testing required for medical devices? Magnetic induced forces torques, which affect medical devices in in the the static magnetic field field are are dangerous for for patients, users equipment α F m magnet bore B 0 F g θ T m ref.: ferromagnetic device magnetic force F m, force due to gravity F g, static magnetic field strength B 0, magnetic torque T m (here: in the fringe field), defection angle α, rotation angle θ ASTM F , Stard Test Method for Measurement of Magnetically Induced Displacement Force on Medical Devices in the Magnetic Resonance Environment. 2006, Image extracted with permissen of from Taylor & Francis: G. Schaefers et al., Testing methods for MR safety compatibility of medical devices, Minimally Invasive Therapy. 2006; 15:2; 71 75
5 Why is MR testing required for medical devices? RF heating caused by by induced voltages currents at at current nodes is is dangerous for for patients users of of MR MR techniques i ~ E ~ conductive wire i ~ B 1~ B 1~ high temperature rises, if L wire c / (2 f ε tissue ); ε tissue 81 1,2 patient/ table (ground) B 1~ Heating caused caused by by conductive loops loops 1 1 ref.: 1 modified to A. Oppelt et al., from presentation 2 M. Konings et al., Heating Around Intravascular Guidewires by Resonating RF Waves. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12: Yeung et al. RF Heating Due to Conductive Wires During MRI Depends on the Phase Distribution of the Transmit Field. Magn. Reson. Med. 48: (2002) at 0.2 T: λ/2 tissue 1.96 m at 1.5 T: λ/2 tissue 0.26 m at 3.0 T: λ/2 tissue 0.13 m Heating Heating caused caused by by conductive conductive wires wires similar similar structures structures (dipole (dipole antenna). antenna). Temperature Temperature may may rise rise also, also, if ifl wire is wire is < or or > λ/2 1,3 λ/2 tissue 1,3 tissue
6 RF heating aspects of of leads by by courtesy courtesy of of J. J. Helfer Helfer et et al., al., Biophan Biophan Inc., Inc., USA USA Ambient = 25 C 45 C Max Ambient = 25 C 75 C Max 30 C Surface 30 C Surface Isothermal plot in phantom (Passive fixation lead) Close-up of isotherms (Cross-section of active fixation lead) ref.: Temperature profile from mathematical modeling of active fixation pacemaker lead in an MRI field. The thermal conductivity of the lead transports substantial heat creating a physically separated region of peak temperature
7 Why is MR testing required for medical devices? Switched gradient magnetic fields contribute negligible to to induced heating, but but dynamic gradient magnetic fields can can cause nerve stimulation can can lead lead to to induced currents in in conductive structures Factor of approx. 100 to 1000 between RF frequency (MHz) gradient frequency (khz) G z G z + G = e.g. 60 mt/m 90 mv SL = 150 mt/m/ms G = 15 mt/m t s = stimulation t s, eff. = e.g. 0.2 ms G z - Slew rate (SL) = e.g. 300 mt/m/ms t Induced voltages in a bipolar pacemaker electrode, Selute Picotip 4034, Guidant, Giessen, Germany ref. plot: Xixi Zhang, basic studies project, University of Applied Sciences Fachhochschule Gelsenkirchen MR:comp GmbH, Gelsenkrichen, Germany t s, = 0.1 ms db/dt is dependent on gradient magnetic field vector position (x,y,z) within the gradient coil
8 Why is MR testing required for medical devices? Computer Computersimulation simulation Assistance Assistancefor formr MRsafety safetytesting testing EE- H-field H-fieldof ofan anmr MRactive activeimplant implant(resonant (resonantcircuit) circuit)at at42,6 42,6MHz MHz ref.: ref.: Numerical NumericalInvestigation InvestigationofofElectromagnetic ElectromagneticProperties PropertiesofofMR MRActive ActiveImplants, Implants,S.S.Schwarzer, Schwarzer,U. U.Jorczyk, Jorczyk, A.A.Melzer, W. Zylka, University of Applied Sciences FH Gelsenkirchen, Germany, DGBMT 2004 Melzer, W. Zylka, University of Applied Sciences FH Gelsenkirchen, Germany, DGBMT 2004
9 -- Evaluation of of MR MR characteristics of of medical devices -- H- H- E-field E-field components, resonant frequencies of of electrical conductive structures MR MR active active devices with with resonant circuits circuits -- SAR SAR temperature distribution, worst-case estimation E-field SAR Temperature red color due to material differentiation styrolene material insert as crotch contact between upper thighs Qualitative results of numerical investigation of hip prostheses in a human torso phantom in MRI, red = high values, blue = low values J. Stenschke, Master-Thesis,
10 Why is MR testing required for medical devices? Safe functioning of of the external device used with with MR. MR. Any Any interferences caused by by the the MR MR environment on on -- active/ non-active device systems? (inhibition of ofelec. circuits/ mechanical components (levers, etc.)) -- RF RF sensitive devices? (Electromagnetic compatibility) -- high high acoustic noise level level of of the the MR MR system? (interferences with with sensors, systems, etc.) etc.) of of the MR system (patient safety, image quality) Any Any interferences caused by by the the external device? -- RF RF emitting devices (Electromagnetic compatibility) between different external medical devices (implant, instrument, etc.) etc.) within the the MR MR environment
11 Why is MR testing required for medical devices? RF interferences (stripes dots) -- RF RF emitting devices (Electromagnetic compatibility) phase direction stripes dots are caused by periodic emitted signals inside the RF cabin dots caused by synchonous signals stripes caused by unsynchronous signals freqeuncy direction from: Arnulf Oppelt (ed.): Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics. Publicis Corporate Publishing, Erlangen 2005
12 Why is MR testing required for medical devices? RF interferences (stripes dots) -- RF RF emitting devices (Electromagnetic compatibility) possible reasons 4 : freqeuncy direction unshielded cables electronic devices, e.g. monitoring systems switched power supplies computer clocks 4 Arnulf Oppelt (ed.): Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics. Publicis Corporate Publishing, Erlangen 2005 phase direction Image by courtesy of Dr. H. Kugel, Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
13 Why is MR testing required for medical devices? MR Imaging artifacts influences to to the the magnetic field field cause image distortion Susceptibility artifacts are are dependent on on several parameters, for for example 5 5 Strength of of B 0 0 Orientation to to B 0 0 Susceptibility of of device s material Direction of of phase encoding Technique of of sequence (SE/ (SE/ GRE) Time of of echo 6 Susceptibility artifact Vena Cava Filter in MRI, Anthéor,Boston Scientific 1.5 T, flash2d, TR 300 ms, TE 6 ms, FA 40, FoV 180mm/ L. W. Bartels et al., Improved lumen visualization in metallic vascular implants by reducing RF artifacts. Magn Reson Med Jan;47(1): Image extracted with permission of from Taylor & Francis: G. Schaefers et al., Testing methods for MR safety compatibility of medical devices, Minimally Invasive Therapy. 2006; 15:2; 71 75
14 Why is MR testing required for medical devices? MR Imaging artifacts influences to to the the magnetic field field cause image distortion Susceptibility artifacts are are dependent on on several parameters, for for example 4 4 Strength of of B 0 0 Orientation to to B 0 0 Susceptibility of of device s material Direction of of phase encoding Technique of of sequence (SE/ (SE/ GRE) Time of of echo Susceptibility artifact SMD capacitors within MR environment 1.0 Tesla, Philips Medical System Sequence: gradient echo FFE, TR 22 ms, TE 6 ms, FA 40 4 L. W. Bartels et al., Improved lumen visualization in metallic vascular implants by reducing RF artifacts. Magn Reson Med Jan;47(1):171-80
15 Why is MR testing required for medical devices? MR Imaging artifacts influences to to the the magnetic field field cause image distortion Susceptibility artifacts are are dependent on on several parameters, for for example 5 5 Strength of of B 0 0 Orientation to to B 0 0 Susceptibility of of device s material Direction of of phase encoding Technique of of sequence (SE/ (SE/ GRE) Time of of echo 5 L. W. Bartels et al., Improved lumen visualization in metallic vascular implants by reducing RF artifacts. Magn Reson Med Jan;47(1): cm Susceptibility artifacts 1.5 Tesla, flash 2D, TE = 2.83 ms, TR = 124 ms Holding arm ( 40 mm) for e.g. instruments, by courtesy of Dr. M. Vogele, Medical Intelligence, Schwabmunich, Germany
16 Why is MR testing required for medical devices? MR Imaging artifacts Electromagnetic shielding of of RF RF signals is is causing void voidof of MR MR information RF RF artifacts are are dependent on on several parameters, for for example 4 4 Strength of of B 0 0 Orientation to to MR MR coils coils Conductivity of of device s material Design geometry of of the the device Flip Flip angle, strength of of B L. W. Bartels et al., Improved lumen visualization in metallic vascular implants by reducing RF artifacts. Magn Reson Med Jan;47(1): RF artifact within the filter lumen Vena Cava Filter in MRI, TrapEase, Cordis 1.5 T, flash2d, TR 300 ms, TE 6 ms, FA 40,, FoV 180mm/ 256 Image extracted with permission of from Taylor & Francis: G. Schaefers et al., Min. Inva. Therapy. 2006; 15:2; Artifacts lead lead to to difficulty with with follow-up examination of of patients with with already implanted devices or or if if using unsuitable instruments/devices
17 Results Testing issues for medical devices used with MR Magnetic induced displacement force Magnetic induced torque Radio frequency (RF) (RF) induced heating Gradient RF RF induced voltages Safe Safe functioning of of the the external device within the the MR MR environment Safe Safe operation of of the the MR MR system MR MR image artifacts quality issues Susceptibility artifacts (dependent on on material) RF RF artifacts of of implants devices in in the the imaging volume (signal shielding amplification effects) RF RF artifacts in in the the MR MR image due due to to RF RF emission Signal-to-Noise ratio ratio (SNR) B 0 -Field 0 homogeneity (image uniformity/ spatial distortion) list list is is not not limited limited to to above above mentioned mentioned issues issues
18 Current situation of medical devices in conjunction with MRI MR system manufacturers Patient with implants have a contraindication for MRI Notified authorities e.g. EU notified bodies, US FDA concerned about patient safety recommend MR testing for labeling of devices further research necessary INPUT MR testing of medical devices according to international stards Patients with implants could have clinical indication for MR examination Implant manufacturers require guidance for developing MR safe/conditional devices Clinicians/ MR users want to use advantages of MRI for patient diagnosis get help by MR testing results
19 The historically definition* of MR safety compatibility MR MR safe safe --The The device, when used in in the the MR MR environment, has has been demonstrated to to present no no additional risk risk to to the the patient or or other individuals, but but may may affect the the quality of of the the diagnostic information. MR MR compatible --The The device, when used in in the the MR MR environment, is is MR MR safe safe has has been demonstrated to to neither significantly affect the the quality of of the the diagnostic information nor nor have its its operations affected by by the the MR MR device. Report MR MR test test conditions MR MR safe safe for for one one set set of of condition Consider more extreme MR MR conditions Definitions Definitions icons icons extracted, extracted, with with permission, permission, from from ASTM ASTM F , F , Stard Stard Practice Practice for for Marking Marking Medical Medical Devices Devices Other Other Items Items for for Safety Safety in in the the MR MR Environment, Environment, copyright copyright ASTM ASTM International, International, Barr Barr Harbor Harbor Drive, Drive, West West Conshohocken, Conshohocken, PA PA A A copy copy of of the the complete complete stard stard may may be be purchased purchased from from service@astm.org, service@astm.org, website: website:
20 The active definitions of MR safety: MR Safe MR MR Safe an item item that that poses no no known hazards in in all all MR MR environments. or or (in (in addition, addition, icons icons have have a a black black white white option) option) Definitions Definitions icons icons extracted, extracted, with with permission, permission, from from ASTM ASTM F , F , Stard Stard Practice Practice for for Marking Marking Medical Medical Devices Devices Other Other Items Items for for Safety Safety in in the the MR MR Environment, Environment, copyright copyright ASTM ASTM International, International, Barr Barr Harbor Harbor Drive, Drive, West West Conshohocken, Conshohocken, PA PA A A copy copy of of the the complete complete stard stard may may be be purchased purchased from from service@astm.org, service@astm.org, website: website:
21 The active definitions of MR safety: MR Conditional MR MR Conditional an item item that that has has been demonstrated to to pose no no known hazards in in a specified MR MR environment with with specified conditions of of use. use. Field conditions that that define the the specified MR MR environment include field field strength, spatial gradient, db/dt (time rate rate of of change of of the the magnetic field), radio frequency (RF) (RF) fields, specific absorption rate rate (SAR). Additional conditions, including specific configurations of of the the item, may may be be required. (in (in addition, addition, icon icon has has a a black black white white option) option) Definitions Definitions icons icons extracted, extracted, with with permission, permission, from from ASTM ASTM F , F , Stard Stard Practice Practice for for Marking Marking Medical Medical Devices Devices Other Other Items Items for for Safety Safety in in the the MR MR Environment, Environment, copyright copyright ASTM ASTM International, International, Barr Barr Harbor Harbor Drive, Drive, West West Conshohocken, Conshohocken, PA PA A A copy copy of of the the complete complete stard stard may may be be purchased purchased from from service@astm.org, service@astm.org, website: website:
22 The active definitions of MR safety: MR Unsafe MR MR Unsafe an item item that that is is known to to pose hazards in in all all MR MR environments. (in (in addition, addition, icon icon has has a a black black white white option) option) Definitions Definitions icons icons extracted, extracted, with with permission, permission, from from ASTM ASTM F , F , Stard Stard Practice Practice for for Marking Marking Medical Medical Devices Devices Other Other Items Items for for Safety Safety in in the the MR MR Environment, Environment, copyright copyright ASTM ASTM International, International, Barr Barr Harbor Harbor Drive, Drive, West West Conshohocken, Conshohocken, PA PA A A copy copy of of the the complete complete stard stard may may be be purchased purchased from from service@astm.org, service@astm.org, website: website:
23 MR compatibility - MR Image Artifacts An An MR MR image artifact is is not not considered as as a direct safety issue by by ASTM F Stard Practice for for Marking Medical Devices therefore hled as as separate issue, but but artifact information provide important help help for for the the physician before MR MR scanning of of a patient with with implant or or other item item a statement about MR MR image artifacts produced by by an an implant/ item item should be be included in in the the product labeling/ patient implant card card
24 Radiopacity of medical devices Evaluation of of the the transparency of of materials to to X-rays X-rays Required to to stay stay compatible with with the the commonly used used X-ray X-ray imaging techniques Materials with with low low artifact artifact behavior can can have have a minor minor X-ray X-ray attenuation X-ray X-ray suitable materials can can produce MR MR image image artifacts MR Unsafe MR Conditional MR Safe radiopaque low MR image artifact behavior (formerly MR compatible ) MR safety, MR image artifacts radiopacity should be considered as interconnected system
25 Current stards for MR safety compatibility testing IEC IEC Medical Medical electrical electrical equipment equipment --Particular Particular requirements requirements for for the the safety safety of of magnetic magnetic resonance resonance equipment equipment for for medical medical diagnosis diagnosis ASTM ASTM NEW NEW F2503 F Stard Stard Practice Practice for for Marking Marking Medical Medical Devices Devices Other Other Items Items for for Safety Safety in in the the Magnetic Magnetic Resonance Resonance Environment Environment Stard Stard Test Test Method Method for for Measurement Measurement F2052 F of of Magnetically Magnetically Induced Induced Displacement Displacement Force Forceon on Medical Medical Devices Devices in in MR-environment MR-environment F2213 F of of Magnetically Magnetically Induced Induced Torque Torqueon on Medical Medical Devices Devices in in the the MRE MRE F2182 F of of Radio Radio Frequency Frequency Induced Induced Heating HeatingNear Passive Passive Implants Implants During DuringMRI MRI F2119 F for for Evaluation Evaluation of of MR MR Image Image Artifacts Artifactsfrom from Passive Passive Implants Implants Detailed Detailed Information Information for for testing testing is is provided provided in in above above stards stards FDA FDA recommends recommends ASTM ASTM test test methods methods for for device device approval approval
26 Stards considering MR testing for medical devices ISO ISO 14630:2005 Non-active surgical implants -- --General requirements ISO ISO 9713:2002 Neurosurgical implants -- --Self-closing intracranial aneurysm clips clips ISO ISO 7197:1997 Neurosurgical implants -- --Sterile, single-use hydrocephalus shunts shunts components ISO ISO 5840:2005 Cardiovascular implants -- --Cardiac valve valve prostheses ISO ISO :2003 Cardiovascular implants -- --Endovascular devices -- --Part 1: 1: Endovascular prostheses Part Part 2: 2: Vascular stents stentsunder development development EN EN Non Non active active surgical implants. Particular requirements for for cardiac cardiac vascular implants. Specific requirements for for arterial arterial stents. stents. MR MR testing testing is is required for for heating, movements evaluation of of image image artifacts for for product labeling requirements against interferences from external electrical magnetic fields EN EN :1998 Active Active implantable medical devices. General requirements EN EN :2003 Active Active implantable medical devices. Particular requirements (cardiac pace pace makers)
27 FDA guidelines for Industry Staff considering MR testing for medical devices Non-Clinical Tests Tests Recommended Labeling for for Intravascular Stents Stents Associated Delivery Systems, Implantable Radiofrequency Transponder System for for Patient Patient Identification Health Health Information, Implantable Middle Middle Ear Ear Hearing Device, Cardiovascular Intravascular Filter Filter 510(k) 510(k) Submissions, Medical Devices with with Sharps Sharps Injury Injury Prevention Features, Intravascular Administration Sets Sets Premarket Notification Submissions [510(k)], Guidelines contain contain MR MR safety safety recommendations in in general up up to to detailed information links links to to ASTM ASTM test test methods Obsolete: A Primer Primer on on Medical Device Device Interactions with with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems, contains appendix with with questions of of MR MR safety safety issues issues regarding risk risk analysis
28 MRI statement for device approval The The FDA FDA asks asks for for MR MR safety compatibility testing of of devices Examples for MRI statements from recent device approvals
29 ref.:from publicized FDA approvals on the Internet
30 Conclusion Magnetic resonance in in medicine is is an an dynamic innovative field with an an increasing number of of cases associated products Implants, instruments other medical devices interact with MR techniques thus creating safety risks incompatibility International MR testing safety stards are required for for minimizing risks guide manufacturing of of MR safe compatible products
31 Goals of MR stards for medical devices Increase of of safety for for patient user of of MR techniques, as as well as as for for MR equipment additionally used devices Meet the needs of of manufacturers of of MR safe compatible devices for for providing optimal patient careincreasing diagnostic accuracies in in future. Enable the use of of the advantages of of MR technology to to patients with implants the application of of additionally devices
32 Testing Services for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Therapy Thank you very much for Your attention! MR:comp GmbH MR Safety Testing Laboratory Buschgrundstrasse Gelsenkirchen Germany Phone Fax
To Whom It May Concern:
To Whom It May Concern: DeRoyal Foley Catheters with Temperature Sensors have been tested for safe use in magnetic resonance environments at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla according to ASTM International F2052, Standard
More informationMR Safety Evaluation of Orthopedic Devices: Why It's Important and How to Select Test Device Configuration
Safety Evaluation of Orthopedic Devices: Why It's Important and How to Select Test Device Configuration ORS Annual Meeting March 5, 2016 Beth Hess, PhD bhess@medinstitute.com www.medinstitute.com 1 MED
More informationMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Safety for Boston Scientific Products. 1. WALLSTENT Iliac Endoprosthesis with Unistep Plus Delivery System
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Safety for Boston Scientific Products Table of Contents 1. WALLSTENT Iliac Endoprosthesis with Unistep Plus Delivery System.1 2. WALLSTENT RP Endoprosthesis (Transhepatic
More informationMRI Safety
MRI Safety 1 Significant Risk Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Devices You should consider the following operating conditions when assessing whether a study may be considered significant risk: main static
More information- MRI Safety Update - RF Induced Heating. Society for Medical Innovation and Technology
- MRI Safety Update - RF Induced Heating presented to Society for Medical Innovation and Technology 11-14 May 2006 Pebble Beach, Monterey, CA, USA Jeffrey L. Helfer Objective of this Presentation Share
More informationMetallic Neurosurgical Implants: Evaluation of Magnetic Field Interactions, Heating, and Artifacts at 1.5-Tesla
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 14:295 299 (2001) Technical Note Metallic Neurosurgical Implants: Evaluation of Magnetic Field Interactions, Heating, and Artifacts at 1.5-Tesla Frank G. Shellock,
More informationContains Nonbinding Recommendations. Draft Not for Implementation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Assessment of Radiofrequency- Induced Heating in the Magnetic Resonance (MR) Environment for Multi-Configuration
More informationMRI Information. MRI Safe The following AMS product does not contain metallic components and therefore is considered MRI Safe.
August 2015 MRI Information Several Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies have concluded that the AMS products listed below will not produce additional risks to patients in association with MRI procedures
More informationMRI Information. MRI Safe The following AMS product does not contain metallic components and therefore is considered MRI Safe.
August 2015 MRI Information Several Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies have concluded that the AMS products listed below will not produce additional risks to patients in association with MRI procedures
More informationExamples of component location and routing are shown on the next page:
The Cleveland FES Center MetroHealth Medical Center Hamann Building Room 601 2500 MetroHealth Drive Cleveland, Ohio 44109 (216) 778-3480 (216) 778-4259 (fax) www.fescenter.org Memo To: Re: Whom it may
More informationMRI Conditional Devices and Patient Safety. Outline. MRI Labeling: Objects 8/3/13 1. David W. Jordan, Ph.D. Senior Medical Physicist
MRI Conditional Devices and Patient Safety David W. Jordan, Ph.D. Senior Medical Physicist 8/3/13 1 Outline MRI Conditional Overview Spatial Gradient Hazards RF SAR Hazards Device Registries MRI Labeling:
More informationEndovascular Device Testing A Survey of Requirements for Product Validation
MET A4 1p Endovascular Device Testing Info Sheet-02.qxp_MET A4 1p Endovascular Device Testing Info Sheet.qxp 05/04/2016 09:58 Page 1 Endovascular Device Testing A Survey of Requirements for Product Validation
More informationCHAPTER 2 INTERFERENCE ISSUES OF RFID IN MRI AND CT SCAN
31 CHAPTER 2 INTERFERENCE ISSUES OF RFID IN MRI AND CT SCAN This chapter explored the detailed experimental procedure adopted in this investigation for evaluating certain MRI issues with different types
More informationCurrent Issues in MRI Safety
CHAPTER 11 Current Issues in MRI Safety Michael C. Steckner, Ph.D., M.B.A. Senior Manager, MR Research Toshiba Medical Research Institute USA, Inc. Cleveland, Ohio I ought to say, explained Pooh as they
More informationGDC Detachable Coils, GDC 360o Detachable Coils, Matrix2 Detachable Coils, and Target Detachable Coils
GDC Detachable Coils, GDC 0o Detachable Coils, Matrix Detachable Coils, and Target Detachable Coils Magnetic Resonance Imagining (MRI) Compatibility (Neurovascular Use) Non-clinical testing and analysis
More informationISO/TS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION. Assessment of the safety of magnetic resonance imaging for patients with an active implantable medical device
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 10974 First edition 2012-05-01 Assessment of the safety of magnetic resonance imaging for patients with an active implantable medical device Évaluation de la sécurité de
More informationTA10 Non Ionizing Radiations EVALUATION OF EMF EXPOSURE FROM MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT. Halina Aniołczyk, Paweł Mamrot, Piotr Politański
TA10 Non Ionizing Radiations EVALUATION OF EMF EXPOSURE FROM MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Halina Aniołczyk, Paweł Mamrot, Piotr Politański Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland Abstract
More informationMRI Safety aspects. for the anaesthesiologist
MRI Safety aspects for the anaesthesiologist Magnet Safety Outline Understanding MRI Magnets,magnetic fields and safety issues Your role in MR Safety Metallic parts Screening Screening Subjects / Colleagues
More informationApproval of subjects for measurements at ultra-high-field MRI
Approval of subjects for measurements at ultra-high-field MRI Current state of science and technology Since 2005 studies on humans have been performed at 7T MRI or at higher field strengths (ultra-high-field
More informationCSF shunts are frequently used to treat hydrocephalus. The
TECHNICAL NOTE F.G. Shellock R. Habibi J. Knebel Programmable CSF Shunt Valve: In Vitro Assessment of MR Imaging Safety at 3T SUMMARY: A programmable CSF shunt valve was assessed for magnetic field interactions,
More informationChapter 2. Magnetic Resonance Safety. Andrew Simmons and Kristina Hakansson. Abstract. 1. Legislation, Guidance and Best Practice
Chapter 2 Magnetic Resonance Safety Andrew Simmons and Kristina Hakansson Abstract The safe operation of both clinical and pre-clinical MR systems is critical. There are a wide range of potential MR hazards.
More informationMRI Safety. How can we ever forget?? July Missile Effect. Have we lost sight of our MR Safety responsibility?
How can we ever forget?? July 2001 MRI Safety Kristan Harrington, MBA, RT (R ),(MR)(ARRT) 1 2 Missile Effect. https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-ivs-anw8vig/twmc3bjnp7i/aaaaaaaadtq/hzqgheggdcy/s1600/047.jpg
More informationImplants for surgery Active implantable medical devices. Part 3: Implantable neurostimulators
Provläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14708-3 Second edition 2017-04 Implants for surgery Active implantable medical devices Part 3: Implantable neurostimulators Implants chirurgicaux
More informationChapter 3. An evaluation of the suitability of endografts for an MRI-based follow-up after EVAR
Chapter 3 An evaluation of the suitability of endografts for an MRI-based follow-up after EVAR Maarten J. van der Laan Lambertus W. Bartels Chris J.G. Bakker Max A. Viergever Jan D. Blankensteijn J. Endovasc.
More informationEmerging Applications and Trends Across Medical Imaging
MEDICAL DEVICES PHARMACEUTICALS CHEMICALS FOOD & BEVERAGE ELECTRONICS Emerging Applications and Trends Across Medical Imaging VPG Publications, Consulting, Clients www.vpgcorp.com VPG Market Research Reports
More informationUrgent Field Safety Notice
Urgent Field Safety Notice December 2017 Subject: Pacemakers Technical programming information on Minute Ventilation Sensor. Ref.: 92186345-FA Product name Models VALITUDE CRT-P U125, U128 ACCOLADE Pacemakers
More informationSELF-REGULATORY INITIATIVE FOR MEDICAL IMAGING EQUIPMENT MAGNETIC RESONANCE MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION
SELF-REGULATORY INITIATIVE FOR MEDICAL IMAGING EQUIPMENT MAGNETIC RESONANCE MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION DRAFT REPORT FOR DISCUSSION WITH THE ECODESIGN CONSULTATION FORUM MARCH 2012 Self-regulatory
More informationMedical Devices; Obstetrical and Gynecological Devices; Classification of the Closed Loop
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 07/28/2017 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2017-15892, and on FDsys.gov 4164-01-P DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
More informationPhysicists Quality Control for MR Equipment
Physicists Quality Control for MR Equipment Geoffrey D. Clarke, Ph.D. University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 1 Overview ABR and the role of the Qualified Medical Physicist/ MR Scientist
More information3. Introducing Narda Workers Directive preliminary approach
1. EU Legislation 1. Introducing Narda 2. Introducing Legislations / General Public and Workers 3. Introducing Narda Workers Directive preliminary approach Johann Saustingl j.saustingl@willtron.at +43
More informationDraft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: External Pacemaker Pulse Generator
Reprinted from FDA s website by Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: External Pacemaker Pulse Generator DRAFT GUIDANCE This guidance
More informationArtifacts Caused by Eddy Current in Diffusion MRI
Artifacts Caused by Eddy Current in Diffusion MRI Xi Tan ABSTRACT Magnetic resonance diffusion imaging is potentially an important tool for the noninvasive characterization of normal and pathological tissue.
More informationTiP-TV Training in Partnership Program Supplement and Test for Imaging Professionals. MR: Quench Your Thirst for MR Safety
TiP-TV Training in Partnership for Imaging Professionals MR: Quench Your Thirst for MR Safety Publication Date: January 26, 2006 Revised/Reissued: March 1, 2006 1.0 ASRT-approved Category A CE Credit imagination
More informationModified WHO Surgical safety check-lists for MRI-related safety in hybrid operating room
Modified WHO Surgical safety check-lists for MRI-related safety in hybrid operating room Poster No.: C-0014 Congress: ECR 2016 Type: Authors: Keywords: DOI: Educational Exhibit M. Cherkashin 1, N. Berezina
More informationPRINCIPLES OF CT AND MR IMAGING Marc-André d Anjou, DMV, DACVR Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
PRINCIPLES OF CT AND MR IMAGING Marc-André d Anjou, DMV, DACVR Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada CT and MR imaging offer superior diagnostic possibilities
More informationPress Presse Press Presse
Press Presse Press Presse Healthcare Sector Imaging & IT Division Erlangen, November 30, 2009 Siemens Introduces its New Power Couple at RSNA 2009 Tim and Dot* redefine productivity in MRI up to 30 percent
More informationMedical Electronic Devices
Medical Electronic Devices Basic Electronics (Electronic devices, Amplifiers, A/D, D/A) Electrodes EEG Deep brain stimulator ECG Cardiac Pacemakers External Defibrillators EMG Neuromuscular Electrical
More informationThe first MR with IQ Philips Intera 1.5T With SmartExam
The first MR with IQ Philips Intera 1.5T With SmartExam Smart Exam reproducibility 2 consistency, and efficiency Philips Intera 1.5T gives you the image quality, patient comfort and range of clinical applications
More informationISO Cardiovascular implants Endovascular devices Part 2: Vascular stents Part 2: Vascular stent
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25539-2 Second edition 2012-12-01 Cardiovascular implants Endovascular devices Part 2: Vascular stents Part 2: Vascular stent Implants cardiovasculaires Dispositifs endovasculaires
More informationGuidance for Industry and FDA Staff. Criteria for Significant Risk Investigations of Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Devices
Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff Criteria for Significant Risk Investigations of Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Devices Document issued on: July 14, 2003 This document supersedes Guidance for Magnetic
More informationThis document is a preview generated by EVS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25539-1 Second edition 2017-02 Cardiovascular implants Endovascular devices Part 1: Endovascular prostheses Implants cardiovasculaires Dispositifs endovasculaires Partie 1: Prothèses
More information12 pericardial bioprostheses. 7300TFX Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthetic valved conduit
Dear Imaging Center: This letter is in response to your inquiry concerning the safety of performing magnetic resonance (MR) procedures in patients who have been implanted with Edwards Lifesciences (formerly
More information3000, 3000TFX 12 bioprostheses Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT pericardial aortic and mitral
Dear Imaging Center: This letter is in response to your inquiry concerning the safety of performing magnetic resonance (MR) procedures in patients who have been implanted with Edwards Lifesciences (formerly
More informationElectromagnetic fields directive Using EU and HSE guidance documents to assess compliance
Electromagnetic fields directive Using EU and HSE guidance documents to assess compliance This presentation includes forward-looking statements. Actual future conditions (including economic conditions,
More informationTREAT SMARTER. ACHIEVE MORE. When Treating Thrombus
TREAT SMARTER. ACHIEVE MORE. When Treating Thrombus Treat Smarter When you want fast, safe, predictable results EKOS Ultrasound Accelerated Thrombolysis Unlocks The Clot Without Ultrasonic Energy With
More informationMaking the difference
Veradius Unity Surgery Making the difference with Live Image Guidance Enjoy straightforward surgical imaging Key advantages Transform your surgical procedures with a system as easy to use as a tablet.
More informationFinal Project
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.584J: Magnetic Resonance Analytic, Biochemical, and Imaging Techniques, Spring 2006 Course Directors: Dr. Bruce Rosen and Dr. Lawrence Wald 22.561
More informationADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY CENTER OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY CENTER OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING November 2013 History of Biomedical Engineering Definition of Biomedical Engineering Achievements of Biomedical Engineering Streams in Biomedical
More informationMEDICAL DEVICES : Guidance document
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DG ENTERPRISE Directorate G Unit 4 - Pressure Equipment, Medical Devices, Metrology MEDICAL DEVICES : Guidance document MEDDEV 2. 1/2 rev 2 26 April 1994 GUIDELINES RELATING TO THE
More informationLeksell. Vantage Stereotactic System. Advancing stereotactic neurosurgery
Leksell Vantage Stereotactic System Advancing stereotactic neurosurgery Innovation built on strong foundations Since the founding of our company by Lars Leksell more than 45 years ago, Elekta has delivered
More informationThe Unique, New MRI Philips Ingenia 3 Tesla is now in Ayios Therissos! The first-ever digital broadband MR system has been installed in Ayios
The Unique, New MRI Philips Ingenia 3 Tesla is now in Ayios Therissos! The first-ever digital broadband MR system has been installed in Ayios Therissos-Nicosia that delivers crystal clear images, remarkable
More informationFood and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997: Modifications to the List of
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 01/14/2014 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2014-00477, and on FDsys.gov 4160-01-P DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
More informationCardiac Rhythm Management // Patient Brochure // BioMonitor 2. BioMonitor 2. Patient Information
Cardiac Rhythm Management // Patient Brochure // BioMonitor 2 BioMonitor 2 Patient Information BioMonitor 2 We Listen to Your Heart Dear patient, Your doctor has decided to implant a cardiac monitor BioMonitor
More informationResearch Article Assessment of MRI Issues at 3 Tesla for a New Metallic Tissue Marker
International Breast Cancer Volume 2015, Article ID 823759, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/823759 Research Article Assessment of MRI Issues at 3 Tesla for a New Metallic Tissue Marker Charlotte
More informationRapidPort EZ Access Port Kit DIRECTIONS FOR USE (DFU)
RapidPort EZ Access Port Kit DIRECTIONS FOR USE (DFU) RapidPort EZ Access Port Kit Ref. No. C-2304 Standard RapidPort EZ Access Port Kit Ref. No. C-2306 Large RapidPort EZ Access Port Kit INTRODUCTION
More informationLAP-BAND System Access Port II Kit
LAP-BAND System Access Port II Kit DIRECTIONS FOR USE (DFU) Access Port Needle Access Port Priming Needle Access Port II End Plug Band Priming Needle Stainless Steel Connector Tubing LAP-BAND System Access
More informationCQIE MRI PROCEDURES. American College of Radiology Clinical Research Center. Centers for Quantitative Imaging Excellence LEARNING MODULE
Centers for Quantitative Imaging Excellence LEARNING MODULE CQIE MRI PROCEDURES American College of Radiology Clinical Research Center Imaging Core Laboratory v.2 Centers for Quantitative Imaging Excellence
More informationAEON PHOCUS. Electromagnetic Steering of Interventional Instruments. phone +41 (0) fax +41 (0)
AEON PHOCUS Electromagnetic Steering of Interventional Instruments aeon scientific AG Rütistrasse 12 8952 Schlieren-Zürich Switzerland phone +41 (0)44 738 89 00 fax +41 (0)44 738 89 01 www.aeon-scientific.com
More informationGuidance Document Magnetic Resonance Imaging Effective Review Delegated & Full Board Version Date February 1, A. Preamble
Guidance Document Magnetic Resonance Imaging Effective Review Delegated & Full Board Version Date February 1, 2016 A. Preamble Western has been a Canadian leader in the use of MRI for research purposes
More informationMRI Systems Market to 2018
MRI Systems Market to 2018 Technological advancements, Increasing Number of Applications and Advent of MRI Compatible Pacemakers to Drive Future Growth GBI Research Report Guidance GBI Research Report
More informationextended sewing ring Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthetic valved conduit , 21, 22
Dear Imaging Center: This letter is in response to your inquiry concerning the safety of performing magnetic resonance (MR) procedures in patients who have been implanted with Edwards Lifesciences (formerly
More informationReference: MRI Safety (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Safety Manual For Researchers and Staff MRI Safety Committee Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226Last Revised: February, 2009 http://www.scribd.com/doc/72826204/mrisafetymanual#page=22
More informationUncompromised accuracy in neuroimaging and treatment
Uncompromised accuracy in neuroimaging and treatment 1 Helping clinicians improve patients lives. 2 Innovation built on strong foundations The tools used by the surgeon must be adapted to the task and,
More informationReplacement Heart Valve Product Description (Stented Tissue) Models Reference
Dear Imaging Center: This letter is in response to your inquiry concerning the safety of performing magnetic resonance (MR) procedures in patients who have been implanted with Edwards Lifesciences LLC
More informationDate: May 26, 2015 Page 1
Part I. Answer these questions by marking the best answer among the choices given: [2 points each] 1. Ethics and morals differ in that a. Only one of them should be followed b. Ethics are for professionals
More informationOverview of ASTM Subcommittee F04.15 on Material Test Methods Terry O. Woods, Ph.D. FDA Center for Devices & Radiological Health
Overview of ASTM Subcommittee F04.15 on Material Test Methods Terry O. Woods, Ph.D. FDA Center for Devices & Radiological Health PERU Workshop on Medical Device Regulation and Standards: Policy and Technical
More informationJanuary 13, Texas Medical Technologies, Inc. Consultant Smith Associates 1468 Harwell Avenue Crofton, Maryland 21114
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service January 13, 2016 Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Document Control Center - WO66-G609 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002 Texas
More informationOptimize efficiency with a universal system.
wins www.siemens.com/artis-one Optimize efficiency with a universal system.. Designed around you. Answers for life. Consistently efficient. Improve your competitiveness by mastering the balancing act between
More informationRePlay Hemostasis Clip
RePlay Hemostasis Clip Instructions for use. Read carefully prior to use. Caution: Federal (U.S.A.) Law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician. Diversatek Healthcare Corporate
More informationSpecial thanks to the University of Utah for allowing us to adapt their materials. MRI Safety and Training
Special thanks to the University of Utah for allowing us to adapt their materials MRI Safety and Training Magnet Safety at ALL TIMES Outline Understanding Magnets Your role in MR Safety Metallic Screening
More informationsiemens.com/skyra MAGNETOM Skyra Environmental Product Declaration
siemens.com/skyra MAGNETOM Skyra Environmental Product Declaration MAGNETOM Skyra Transforming 3T productivity. MAGNETOM Skyra is the world s first 3 Tesla, 70 cm Open Bore Tim+Dot system. Through the
More informationMaking Models Publicly Available: Successes and Challenges
Making Models Publicly Available: Successes and Challenges Tina Morrison PhD Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health U.S. Food and Drug Administration Modeling & Simulation
More informationMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy from fundamental developments to improved noninvasive diagnosis and characterisation of children s brain tumours.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy from fundamental developments to improved noninvasive diagnosis and characterisation of children s brain tumours. Martin Wilson IOP Medical Physics Group Scientific and
More informationReplacement Heart Valve Product Description (Stented Tissue) Models Reference
Dear Imaging Center: This letter is in response to your inquiry concerning the safety of performing magnetic resonance (MR) procedures in patients who have been implanted with Edwards Lifesciences LLC
More informationPulsed NMR of Paramagnetic Terbium. Cheyenne Michael Yari
Pulsed NMR of Paramagnetic Terbium Cheyenne Michael Yari June 26, 2012 1 - Introduction The magnetic properties of atomic nuclei have proven to provide very useful information which can directly be used
More informationPower of BRANSIST safire in Neuroendovascular Therapy
Vascular Power of BRANSIST safire in Neuroendovascular Therapy Department of Radiology, Kinki University Hospital Suguru Ueda Mr. Suguru Ueda 1. Introduction Kinki University Hospital is located in the
More informationVersion 1.0: klm. General Certificate of Education June 2010 APPLIED SCIENCE. Medical Physics. Mark Scheme
Version 1.0: 0810 klm General Certificate of Education June 010 APPLIED SCIENCE SC08 Unit 8 Medical Physics Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with
More informationWireless Implantable Micromachined Pressure Sensors: Approach and Clinical Demonstration
The Problem: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA) Wireless Implantable Micromachined Pressure Sensors: Approach and Clinical Demonstration Mark G. Allen School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia
More informationReplacement Heart Valve Product Description (Stented Tissue) Models Reference
Dear Imaging Center: This letter is in response to your inquiry concerning the safety of performing magnetic resonance (MR) procedures in patients who have been implanted with Edwards Lifesciences LLC
More informationEkoSonic MACH4 Endovascular Device Instructions for Use
EkoSonic MACH4 Endovascular Device Instructions for Use Indications for Use The EkoSonic Endovascular System is indicated for the: Ultrasound facilitated, controlled and selective infusion of physician-specified
More informationMedical instrumentationi 11/19/2010
Medical instrumentationi BIOEN 302 11/19/2010 Medical instrumentation Definition: instrument for sensing, diagnostics, therapeutics or surgery of human being. 2 Medical instrumentation Definition: instrument
More informationReplacement Heart Valve Product Description (Stented Tissue) Models Reference
Dear Imaging Center: This letter is in response to your inquiry concerning the safety of performing magnetic resonance (MR) procedures in patients who have been implanted with Edwards Lifesciences LLC
More informationTime-resolved 4D TWIST MR angiography of congenital heart and vessel anomalies: image quality and added diagnostic value compared to 3D MRA
Time-resolved 4D TWIST MR angiography of congenital heart and vessel anomalies: image quality and added diagnostic value compared to 3D MRA Poster No.: C-1663 Congress: ECR 2012 Type: Scientific Paper
More informationMRI. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging Key Points MRI: The magnet is always on Know the essential components of an MRI system Know general idea of how MRI captures an image; three steps: Magnetic Alignment, Proton
More informationNew PET/CT from Siemens helps more patients benefit from premium technologies
Press Healthcare Erlangen, October 9, 2015 EANM 2015, Congress Center Hamburg (CCH) New PET/CT from Siemens helps more patients benefit from premium technologies Versatile new PET/CT system addresses a
More informationBuilt for strength and security.
Built for strength and security. Instinct ENDOSCOPIC HEMOCLIP MEDICAL Trust your instincts. During critical hemostatic clipping procedures, you need an endoscopic hemoclip with features you can rely on.
More informationMagnetic Resonance Imaging at 7T in Glasgow. A unique opportunity!
Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7T in Glasgow A unique opportunity! An NHS MR Physicist's perspective... What is different about 7T scanners? What has already been achieved? Imaging Centre of Excellence
More informationDEC DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Document Control Room -W066-G609 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002 Ms. Victoria Rendon Senior
More informationMR Compatibility of Mechatronic Devices: Design Criteria
MR Compatibility of Mechatronic Devices: Design Criteria Kiyoyuki Chinzei 1,RonKikinis 2, and Ferenc A. Jolesz 2 1 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, AIST, MITI 1-2 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-8564 Japan chin@mel.go.jp
More informationA Guide to the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Electromagne c Fields) Regula ons (S.I. No. 337 of 2016)
A Guide to the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Electromagne c Fields) Regula ons 2016 (S.I. No. 337 of 2016) Our Vision: healthy, safe and productive lives Contents Introduction 02 General Background
More informationSeptal repair implants: evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging safety at 3 T
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 23 (2005) 1021 1025 Septal repair implants: evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging safety at 3 T Frank G. Shellock4, Samuel Valencerina Department of Radiology and Medicine,
More informationThis document is a preview generated by EVS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7198 Second edition 2016-08-01 Cardiovascular implants and extracorporeal systems Vascular prostheses Tubular vascular grafts and vascular patches Implants cardiovasculaires
More informationAdvancing minimally invasive. therapeutics through novel device. development. Minima y Invasive New Technologies T H E L E O N A M. A N D H A R R Y B.
MIN T Minima y Invasive New Technologies Advancing minimally invasive therapeutics through novel device development T H E L E O N A M. A N D H A R R Y B. C H A R I T A B L E T R U S T he Minimally Invasive
More information1. RF ablation guarding circuits for EIT
1. RF ablation guarding circuits for EIT Synopsis: Intracardiac and endovascular ablation therapies are widespread in their use in the treatment of a variety of cardiac arrhythmias as well as renal artery
More informationAdvantages and challenges of whole-body MR-PET. Gaspar Delso Axel Martinez-Möller Stephan Nekolla Sibylle Ziegler
Advantages and challenges of whole-body MR-PET Gaspar Delso Axel Martinez-Möller Stephan Nekolla Sibylle Ziegler Why MR+PET? MR High spatial resolution (~1mm) Good imaging of anatomy. Excellent soft-tissue
More informationMaking the difference with Live Image Guidance
OncoSuite Interventional X-ray Making the difference with Live Image Guidance Next generation of Image Guided Therapy in Interventional Oncology Live Image Guidance in Interventional Oncology OncoSuite:
More informationInterference Issuses of Radio Frequency Identification Devices in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems and Computed Tomography Scan
Journal of Magnetics 20(3), 295-301 (2015) ISSN (Print) 1226-1750 ISSN (Online) 2233-6656 http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2015.20.3.295 Interference Issuses of Radio Frequency Identification Devices in
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Cardiovascular implants Endovascular devices Part 2: Vascular stents
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25539-2 First edition 2008-09-01 Cardiovascular implants Endovascular devices Part 2: Vascular stents Implants cardiovasculaires Dispositifs endovasculaires Partie 2: Endoprothèses
More informationIngenia MR-RT. MR Systems. The comprehensive MR-sim solution to fit your planning
Ingenia MR-RT MR Systems The comprehensive MR-sim solution to fit your planning Table of contents Experience the difference MRI makes 3 A comprehensive MR-sim solution 4 Position with precision 6 See clearly
More informationStandard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting of Nonferrous Metals 1
Designation: E 703 98 An American National Standard Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting of Nonferrous Metals 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 703; the number
More information