HPLC to UPLC Method Migration: An Overview of Key Considerations and Available Tools

Transcription

1 HPLC to UPLC Method Migration: An Overview of Key Considerations and Available Tools Dr. Michael Swartz, Ph. D. Principal Consulting Scientist Worldwide Pharmaceutical Business Operations Waters Corporation PittCon Waters Corporation

2 Evaluation Form We Appreciate Your Opinion Please Complete Evaluation Form Qualify for drawing to win a $25 AMEX gift card (drawn at end of this session must be present to win) AND Qualify to win a Gold Package registration to Inform 2007 ($1595 value; one winner per day; winner to be notified post-pittcon) Thank You! 2007 Waters Corporation 2

3 Outline UPLC Overview Principles of Method Migration Examples Software Tools Available Summary 2007 Waters Corporation 3

4 Ultra Performance LC A New Class of Separation Science Based on chromatography columns with very small particles Based on instruments designed to take advantage of the small particles Provides Improved Resolution, Speed, and Sensitivity with no Compromises Suitable for Chromatographic Applications in General Appropriate for developing new methods Appropriate for improving existing methods 2007 Waters Corporation 4

5 Smaller Particles The Enabler of Productivity Optimal velocity range 2007 Waters Corporation 5

6 HPLC vs. UPLC : Speed, Sensitivity and Resolution 0.26 Absorbance at 270 nm HPLC x 150 mm, 5 µm Rs (2,3) = Minutes Faster, More Sensitive Methods Faster, More Sensitive, Higher Resolution Methods 0.26 Absorbance at 270 nm UPLC 1 8X Speed 3.4X Sensitivity Same Resolution 2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 µm Rs (2,3) = Absorbance at 270 nm UPLC 4.5X Speed 2X Sensitivity 1.5X Resolution x 100 mm, 1.7 µm Rs (2,3) = Minutes Minutes 2007 Waters Corporation 6

7 Method Conversion From HPLC to ACQUITY UPLC Why Convert HPLC Methods to UPLC? Get faster results with more resolution o More information o More robust methods o Better situational response time (stat samples faster, research decisions with more information, process monitoring, product release) o More samples analyzed per system, per scientist Increased Productivity 2007 Waters Corporation 7

8 Migrating Methods The New Method Must Preserve Complete resolution of all relevant analytes Peak homogeneity/purity Certainty of peak identification Quantitative accuracy and precision 2007 Waters Corporation 8

9 Method Migration Success? 2007 Waters Corporation 9

10 Method Migration Success! 2007 Waters Corporation 10

11 Caffeic Acid Derivatives in Echinacea Purpurea Original HPLC Method = 35 min XTerra MS C x 150 mm, 5 µm AU Minutes Final UPLC Method = 5 min ACQUITY UPLC TM BEH C x 50 mm, 1.7 µm au Minutes 2007 Waters Corporation 11

12 ACQUITY HPLC 8 Diuretics + impurity Rs = 1.86 Rs = x100mm 5µ C18 Vendor X HPLC Rs = 3.01 Rs = x100mm 5µ C18 ACQUITY (HPLC) Time in Minutes Waters Corporation 12

13 ACQUITY UPLC Transfer of HPLC method It is possible to transfer most HPLC methods to ACQUITY systems with attention to details Instrument design and performance differences could result in result differences Some adjustments may be required But: This is not taking advantage of UPLC!! 2007 Waters Corporation 13

14 Migrating Methods From HPLC to UPLC Method Transfer Between HPLC Systems o First step towards method conversion o HPLC to ACQUITY as HPLC Method Migration or Conversion HPLC separation to an ACQUITY UPLC separation Method Optimization Separation goals Method verification Method Development Systematic approach 2007 Waters Corporation 14

15 Keys for HPLC to UPLC Method Migration Success Proper Column Choice Chemistry Dimensions Keep in Mind Instrument Differences Gradient delay volume Detector data rates Proper Geometric Scaling Optimize for UPLC Don t Forget LC Theory 2007 Waters Corporation 15

16 Determination of Proper Column Chemistry EXPANDED VIEW Nucleosil C18 SELECTIVITY (ln [α] amitriptyline/acenaphthene) ACQUITY UPLC BEH XBridge C8 YMC-Pack Pro C18 Luna C18(2) XTerra MS C18 Prodigy C18 SunFire C 18 Hypersil HyPurity Elite C18 Hypersil Elite C18 Symmetry C18 Supelcosil LC-ABZ+Plus XTerra RP18 Chromolith TM RP-18 ACQUITY UPLC BEH XBridge Phenyl SunFire C 8 Atlantis dc 18 Supelcosil LC DB-C18 YMC-Pack ODS AQ Polaris C18-A HYDROPHOBICITY (ln [k] acenaphthene) ACQUITY UPLC BEH XBridge C18 Zorbax Rx C18 Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 Luna C18 Inertsil ODS-3 SymmetryShield RP18 ACQUITY UPLC BEH XBridge Shield RP /2006 ph Waters Corporation 16

17 Determination of Proper Column Dimensions Internal diameter Generally prefer 2.1 mm Only use 1 mm for specific reason o Severely sample limited o Direct flow to mass spectrometer Length If primary goal is SPEED o 50 mm length to start If primary goal is RESOLUTION o 100 mm length to start 2007 Waters Corporation 17

18 Instrument Differences: Compensating for System Volumes Compare system volumes This volume should be converted to column volumes for the best comparison If target system gives smaller isocratic segment ADD an initial hold to the gradient table to give the identical hold. If target system gives larger isocratic segment No exact compensation is possible Chromatographic effect of extra isocratic hold usually small 2007 Waters Corporation 18

19 Method Migration Example Original HPLC Method Objective: Maintain resolution while increasing speed Resolution (1,2) = 12 Resolution (2,3) = 28 Absorbance 254 nm Original Column: 4.6 x 150 mm, ml/min Ambient temperature: C Flow rate: 1.50 ml/min Sample analytes: 1. Caffeine (100mg/mL), 2. Hydroquinidine (33mg/mL), 3. 3-Aminobenzophenone (39mg/mL) Molecular weight(s): Less than 500 Sample diluent: DMSO Injection: 10μL Detection: 254nm Mobile phase: A: 0.05% TFA in water B: 0.05% TFA in acetonitrile Minutes 2007 Waters Corporation 19

20 Method Migration Column Comparison: Injection Volumes HPLC 4.6 x 150mm 20μL injection/2.49ml = 0.8% UPLC 2.1 x 50mm 20μL injection/0.19ml = 11% Sample volume too large for smaller column volume 2007 Waters Corporation 20

21 Method Migration Column Comparison: Injection Volumes Column transfer from 4.6mm to 2.1mm i.d. No injection volume scaling AU Minutes 2007 Waters Corporation 21

22 Method Migration Example Injection Volume Considerations Geometrically scale injection volume to volume of column Capacity proportional to surface area and internal solvent volume Suggested minimum injection volume on the instrument is µl If calculated volume too small for injection, dilute 5-10x with initial strength mobile phase Typically 5 µl maximum injection on 2.1 x 50 mm 2007 Waters Corporation 22

23 Method Migration Calculate Injection Volume Target injection volume = Original injection volume X Target Column Volume Original Column Volume Scaling a 10µL injection on 4.6 x 150mm to 2.1 x 50mm 10μL x 3.14 x 1.12 x x x 150 = 10μL x = = 0.8μL 10μL x Waters Corporation 23

24 Method Migration Example Flow Rate For Migration: First, adjust flow rate proportional to column diameter squared for constant linear velocity (geometrically scaled) Second, adjust Gradient Table to maintain the same number of column volumes of solvent through the target column Finally, adjust flow rate (linear velocity) for smaller particle oanalyte molecular weight must be considered 2007 Waters Corporation 24

25 Method Migration Scale the Flow Rate to Column Geometry Scaling a 1.5mL/min flow rate on 4.6x150mm to 2.1x50mm* Target Flow Rate = Original Flow Rate x π x r 2 of Target π x r 2 of Original This reduces to: Target Flow Rate = Original Flow Rate x So: d 2 Target d 2 Original 1.5mL/min. X = 0.31mL/min. *Note: this assumes same particle size 2007 Waters Corporation 25

26 Method Migration Example Gradient Profile Express gradient duration in percent change per column volume (cv) units Calculate each segment as a number of column volumes Calculate time required to deliver the same number of column volumes to the target column at the chosen flow rate 2007 Waters Corporation 26

27 Original Gradient Profile Gradient Step Time Since Injection Flow Rate %A %B Curve Initial * Waters Corporation 27

28 Gradient Segments Express as Column Volumes For 15 min at 1.5mL/min on a 4.6 x 150mm column Gradient Volume = Flow Rate x Time = 1.5mL/min x 15min = 22.5mL Column Volume = π x r 2 x L = 3.14 x x 15.0 = 2.49mL Gradient Duration (cv) = Gradient Volume Column Volume Gradient Duration = 22.5mL 2.49mL = 9.03 cv 2007 Waters Corporation 28

29 Original Gradient Profile for Scaling Step Time Since Injection Flow Rate %A % B Curve Segment Duration (min) Segment Duration (cv) Initial * Waters Corporation 29

30 Scaling Gradient Step Time Maintain Duration (cv( cv) Original Step 2: ml/min with duration of 9.03cv Calculate Target Step 2: (keeping 9.03cv) Column Volume = π x r2 x L = 3.14 x x 5.0 = 0.17mL Gradient Step Volume = Duration (cv) x Target Column Volume = 9.03cv x 0.17mL = 1.54mL Gradient Step Time = Gradient Step Volume/Flow Rate = 1.54mL / 0.31 ml/min = 5 min 2007 Waters Corporation 30

31 Scaled Gradient Profile 2.1x50mm Column Adjust time for same number of column volumes per gradient segment Gradient Step Time Since Injection Flow Rate % A % B Curve Segment Duration (min) Segment Duration (cv) Initial * Waters Corporation 31

32 Smaller Particles The Enabler of Productivity Optimal velocity range 2007 Waters Corporation 32

33 Estimate Optimum Flow Rate UPLC Consider 1.7µm target particle (2.1mm ID column) Assume temperature and viscosity transferred Adjust flow rate based on van Deemter curve and approximate molecular weight ~0.6 ml/min for smaller molecules o average 500 dalton (molecular weight) molecules ~0.1 ml/min for larger molecules because diffusion is slower o e.g., ~2,000 dalton peptides 2007 Waters Corporation 33

34 Scaling for UPLC Flow Rate Step Time to Maintain Duration (cv( cv) Original Step 2: ml/min with Duration of 9.03cv Calculate Target Step 2: (keeping 9.03cv) Target Column Volume (2.1 x 50) = 0.17mL Gradient Step Volume = Duration (cv) x Target Column Volume = 9.03cv x 0.17mL = 1.54mL Gradient Step Time = Gradient Step Volume / UPLC Flow Rate = 1.54mL / 0.60 ml/min. = 2.6min 2007 Waters Corporation 34

35 Optimized Gradient Profile Select UPLC flow rate and adjust time to maintain same number of column volumes per segment Gradient Step Time Since Injection Flow Rate % A % B Curve Segment Duration (min) Segment Duration (cv) Initial * Waters Corporation 35

36 Method Conversion Process: Steps for Success Review steps Refer to current chromatography Observe system volumes, solvents and detection technique Define objectives/room for improvement Select column dimensions scale flow for linear velocity 50 mm length for speed 100mm length for complex samples/resolution Scale injection volume to column dimensions Use a gradient and flow scaled from current method Adjust gradient to accommodate system differences, column differences and particle size differences Use a gradient and flow rate scaled for UPLC 2007 Waters Corporation 36

37 Method Conversion: Original HPLC Method Resolution (1,2) = 12 Resolution (2,3) = 28 Absorbance 254 nm Original Column: 4.6 x 150 mm, ml/min, 30 minute cycle time Ambient temperature: C Flow rate: 1.50 ml/min Sample analytes: 1. Caffeine (100mg/mL), 2. Hydroquinidine (33mg/mL), 3. 3-Aminobenzophenone (39mg/mL) Molecular weight(s): Less than 500 Sample diluent: DMSO Injection: 10μL Detection: 254nm Mobile phase: A: Water B: acetonitrile C: 1.0% TFA in water Gradient: (A/B/C) 90/5/5 to 0/95/5 in 15 minutes (Curve 6) hold for 5 minutes then to initial conditions (curve 11) hold for 10 minutes Minutes 2007 Waters Corporation 37

38 Method Conversion Scaled UPLC Resolution 1,2 = 11 Resolution 2,3 = 26 Absorbance 254 nm ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18, 1.7 µm, 2.1 x mL/min Column Temp: 30ºC Sample analytes: 1. Caffeine (100mg/mL), 2. Hydroquinidine (33mg/mL), 3. 3-Aminobenzophenone (39mg/mL) Molecular weight(s): Less than 500 Sample diluent: DMSO Injection: 0.8μL Detection: 254nm Mobile phase: A: 0.05% TFA in water B: 0.05% TFA in acetonitrile Gradient: (A/B) 95/5 to 5/95 in 2.61 minutes (Curve 6) hold for 0.87 minutes then to initial conditions (curve 11) hold for 1.74 minutes Minutes 2007 Waters Corporation 38

39 Method Conversion Scaled UPLC Magnified Absorbance 254 nm Resolution 1,2 = 11 Resolution 2,3 = UPLC : 2.1 x 50 mm column, 0.6mL/min, 5.2 minute cycle time Minutes 2007 Waters Corporation 39

40 Original HPLC Method Critical resolution Absorbance 254 nm Resolution 1,2=12 Resolution 2,3= Baseline and presence of unknown peaks Minutes 2007 Waters Corporation 40

41 Absorbance 254 nm UPLC Magnified View Critical resolution Resolution 1,2=11 Resolution 2,3= Same resolving power and sensitivity Minutes 2007 Waters Corporation 41

42 ACQUITY UPLC Calculator 2007 Waters Corporation 42

43 Method Conversion Significantly Different Column Chemistry At what point does method conversion become method development? When column chemistries are different, try a modified method development approach Proposed Strategy 1: Understand general column selectivity differences Follow chemistry and system scaling protocols Generic gradients : 10 to 90 % organic solvent Run a short gradient (3 min) and a long gradient (6 min) Optimization tools (simulation software) are useful Proposed Strategy 2: Follow method development protocols 2007 Waters Corporation 43

44 Automated Method Development Automated Method Development ACQUITY UPLC Column Manager, 4 column selection device ACQUITY UPLC Binary Solvent Manager, solvent select valves 2007 Waters Corporation 44

45 UPLC Systematic Screening Four ACQUITY UPLC Chemistries 2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 µm: ACQUITY UPLC TM BEH C 18 ACQUITY UPLC TM BEH Shield RP 18 ACQUITY UPLC TM BEH C 8 ACQUITY UPLC TM BEH Phenyl Solvents: Acetonitrile Methanol Buffers: ph 3 ammonium formate ph 10 ammonium bicarbonate 2007 Waters Corporation 45

46 Experimental Matrix ph 3, Acetonitrile ph 3, Methanol ph 10, Acetonitrile ph 10, Methanol C18 Shield RP18 C8 Phenyl 2007 Waters Corporation 46

47 Automated Column and Solvent Scouting 2007 Waters Corporation 47

48 Total Time and Solvents Calculated 2007 Waters Corporation 48

49 Can I transfer the method to other systems that have a standard column heater? AU ACQUITY UPLC with PDA & Column Manager AU ACQUITY UPLC with TUV & standard Column Heater Minutes 2007 Waters Corporation 49

50 Develop Methods Faster with UPLC : Time Savings UPLC Methods Development Protocol 2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 µm ph 3/ acetonitrile Time Flow ramp 5 min Column conditioning (2 blank gradients) 11 min Sample injection (2 replicates) 11 min ph 3/ methanol Flow ramp 5 min Column conditioning (2 blank gradients) 11 min Sample injection (2 replicates) 11 min Column purge 6 min ph 10/ acetonitrile Flow ramp 5 min Column conditioning (2 blank gradients) 11 min Sample injection (2 replicates) 12 min ph 10/ methanol Flow ramp 5 min Column conditioning (2 blank gradients) 11 min Sample injection (2 replicates) 11 min Column purge 6 min 120 min EQUIVALENT HPLC Methods Development Protocol 4.6 x 150 mm, 5 µm ph 3/ acetonitrile Time Flow ramp 5 min Column conditioning (2 blank gradients) 80 min Sample injection (2 replicates) 80 min ph 3/ methanol Flow ramp 5 min Column conditioning (2 blank gradients) 80 min Sample injection (2 replicates) 80 min Column purge 35 min ph 10/ acetonitrile Flow ramp 5 min Column conditioning (2 blank gradients) 80 min Sample injection (2 replicates) 80 min ph 10/ methanol Flow ramp 5 min Column conditioning (2 blank gradients) 80 min Sample injection (2 replicates) 80 min Column purge 35 min 730 min SCREENING TIME 2 Hours/column x 4 columns SCREENING TIME 12.2 Hours/column x 4 columns TOTAL SCREENING TIME 8 HOURS TOTAL SCREENING TIME 48.8 HOURS 2007 Waters Corporation 50

51 Conclusion Strategies and Tools For HPLC to UPLC Method Migration Column chemistry and dimensions Instrument considerations Proper scaling Optimization Redevelopment Method migration/conversion calculator 2007 Waters Corporation 51

52 Acknowledgements Diane Diehl Eric Grumbach Jeff Mazzeo Uwe Neue Michael Jones Andy Aubin Craig Dobbs And: 2007 Waters Corporation 52

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