Novel carbon-based catalysts as a part of biomass value chain. Riikka Lahti Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius Kokkola Material Week
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1 Novel carbon-based catalysts as a part of biomass value chain Riikka Lahti Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius Kokkola Material Week
2 Carbon sources from lignocelluloses Finland is one of the most forested country in Europe 76 % of land area is forest * In Finland, up to 20 million tons of waste wood biomass per year is left unused during forestry operations ** *) Metla, State of Finland's Forests 2012 **) Prokkola et al. (2014) BioResources 9(3),
3 Carbon sources from lignocelluloses Branches and stumps Residual fractions from forestry Waste fractions from saw industry Side streams from pulping process Ligning 3 Sawdusts
4 Added value products from waste biomass Special products Products Bulk chemisty Biofuels 4
5 Why Catalysts? 100 % of fuels and over 85 % of the chemicals have seen at least one catalytic conversion step in their production process *) Hulteberg Chemistry & Engineering AB 5
6 Biomass-based catalysts? Sustainable catalytic conversion of renewable resources to chemicals and fuels is a rapidly growing field in research Usually catalysts have been supported by metal oxides Porous carbon materials have many attractive properties that affect the preparation of metal supported catalysts e.g. high specific surface area Support Surface area m 2 /g Activated carbon up to 2000 Silica ~200 Alumina ~200 Titania ~50 6
7 Preparation of activated carbon support Preparation of activated carbon from lignocellulosic waste biomasses (birch, spruce, pine, willow, Kraft lignin) e.g. sawdust, sidestreams Carbonization Activation Activated carbon Characterization - Tailored properties for carbons: - physical or chemical activation - high specific surface area - pore size distribution Reuse Regeneration 7 davide.bergna@chydenius.fi
8 Properties of activated carbons Surface area from 500 to 2000 m 2 /g d > 50 nm access pores 2 nm < d < 50 nm transport pores High porosity, a pore volume of 0.1 to 0.8 ml/g High adsorption capacity (given as g per d < 2 nm highest adsorption energy gram of adsorbent) Functional groups on the surface Resistance for acids and bases Properties are depending on the preparation step and raw material 8 The carbon should always be tailored for the specific application
9 Preparation of carbon-based catalysts Raw material Carbonisation and activation Activated carbon e.g. sawdust Surface modification Metal impregnation on carbon surface Carbon based metal catalyst 9
10 Catalytic research Biomass to chemicals With biomass-based carbon catalysts catalyst Solid acid catalysts Pt-, Ru-, Nicatalysts Co-, Fecatalysts Mo-, W- catalysts Muconic acid Furfural Syngas Glucose adipic acid MF alkanes HMF olefines 10
11 Biobased fuel and chemical production Noble and transition metal catalysts (Pt, Ru, Ni) Solid acid catalysts Brønsted and Lewis MÄKELÄ, E., LAHTI, R., KARINEN, R., ROMAR, H., LASSI, U. & PUURUNEN, R. (2017) Hydrogenolysis of furfural into 2-methylfuran over Ni, Pt and Ru supported biomass based spruce and birch catalysts, ChemCatChem, manuscript RUSANEN, A., LAHTI, R., et al., Use of biomass based solid acid catalysts in conversion of glucose into 5-HMF, manuscript 11
12 Biobased plastic polymer production Mo- and W- carbon catalysts CAPELLI, S., LAHTI, R., PRATI, L., ROMAR, H., LASSI, U. & BIANCHI, C.L. (2017) Hydrogention of muconic acid into adipic acid with biomass based Mo and W catalysts, manuscript 12
13 Biobased fuel and plastic production Co- and Fe- carbon catalysts LAHTI, R., BERGNA, D., ROMAR, H., HU, T., COMAZZI, A., PIROLA, C., BIANCHI, L. & LASSI, U., (2017) Characterization of cobalt catalysts on biomass-derived carbon supports, Topics in Catalysis, doi: /s z 13
14 Conclusions Lignocellulosic waste materials can be used in preparation of high quality carbons Tailored properties of carbons Fine chemicals Tailored carbons e.g. catalysts Easy to modify for specific applications value Activated carbon Support for catalysts Tested with good activity and selectivity in specific fine chemical production Lignocellulosic waste biomass 14
15 Thank you for your attention!
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