A Simple and Reliable Assimilation Test for the Identification of Candida Species
|
|
- Marianna Gilbert
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Simple and Reliable ssimilation Test for the Identification of Candida Species MRION V. MRTIN, M.D., ND J. D. SCHNEIDU, JR., PH.D. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana BSTRCT Martin, Marion V., and Schneidau, J. D., Jr.: simple and reliable assimilation test for the identification of Candida species. mer. J. Clin. Path. 53: , relatively simple, reliable, and easily readable assimilation test is described. The usefulness of assimilation vs. fermentation patterns for identification was determined for the seven strains of Candida most frequently isolated from clinical specimens. C. albicans,, C. krusei, and C. guilliermondii could be identified easily by means of the assimilation test alone. C. albicans and C. parakrusei had identical assimilation patterns and required either chlamydospore production or fermentation tests for differentiation. C. tropicalis could be identified readily by sugar fermentation alone. The ability to assimilate cellobiose is peculiar to the latter species, but is not found in all strains. THERE are several means of identifying yeasts for taxonomic and diagnostic purposes. Various workers have described rapid means of identifying Candida albicans, one of the most frequently encountered yeasts, but these methods are not 100% reliable, due to the fact that other organisms, notably, and rarely, C. utilis, C. rugosa and Schizosacch.arom.yces fragilis behave like C. albicans on cornmeal agar, in serum and serum substitutes, and in sugar fermentation. 3 ' 4 T - 8 " 10 Carbon assimilation tests have been used for many decades in the classification and Received September 12, 1969; accepted for publication October 29, Supported by Public Health Service Grant R01 I from the National Institute of llergy and Infectious Diseases. Dr. Martin's present address: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama, R.P. Requests for reprints should be sent to Dr. Schneidau. 875 identification of yeasts. The test described by Beijerinck 2 in 1889 is still being used, with modifications, by many investigators. In this technic, a pour plate of a heavy suspension of yeast cells is made, following which small amounts of various sugars are placed on the surface of the agar. Growth develops in the areas where the assimilable compounds were placed. jello and associates 1 recommended the use of wells in the agar of the petri dish, with subsequent addition of the carbon source, whereas Di- Menna 8 employed disks impregnated with the sugars, which were placed various distances apart on the agar surface. Bump and Kunz 5 added drops of the test carbohydrate to different sections on the surface of the agar. This paper describes an assimilation test for yeasts which is simple to perform, easily readable, and less subject to errors
2 876 MRTIN ND SCHNEIDU Vol. 53 of interpretation than some of the methods currently in use. Materials and Methods Fifty-seven strains of Candida, representing seven species frequently associated with clinical specimens of human origin, were studied. The sources of the strains are listed in Table 1. The assimilation test was performed in the following manner. Yeast-nitrogen base (basal medium) was prepared as a 6.7% solution in distilled water and sterilized by Seitz filtration. Dextrose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, cellobiose, raffinose, and trehalose at 20% concentrations were also sterilized by filtration and utilized as test carbon sources. gar at 2% concentration was completely dissolved by heating and dispensed in 10 ml. quantities to 20 mm. by 150 mm. test tubes, after which the tubes were autoclaved at 15 lb. for 15 min., then cooled to 50 C. To each test tube, 1.0 ml. basal medium and 0.5 ml. carbon source were added aseptically, thereby constituting a 1% sugar solution, approximately. The control tubes contained agar, basal medium, and 1.5 ml. distilled water. The medium was allowed to cool thoroughly in a slanting position and stored at 4 C. ll cultures were maintained on Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium and tested after being allowed to grow for five or six days. Clinical specimens were obtained in pure culture, maintained on Sabouraud's dextrose agar, and tested in the same manner. To prepare the test organisms, three colonies of yeast were suspended in 5 ml. sterile physiologic saline solution. One-half milliliter of this suspension was pipetted onto the surface of each of the agar slants containing the various sugar sources, as well as into a control tube. Care was taken to get the inoculum in contact with most of the surface of the agar slant. The slants were incubated at 25 C. and observed for growth at 48 hours, four to five days, and finally, ten days. ssimilation was considered positive when abundant growth appeared on the test medium with negligible or no growth in the control tube. ssimilation was considered negative when there was no significant difference between growth of the organisms on the test medium and growth in the control medium. ll strains were also tested for fermentation of dextrose, maltose, sucrose, and lactose, for chlamydospore formation on cornmeal agar, and for germ tube production in egg white medium, as described by Buckley and Van Uden. 4 The results of these tests were compared with the data obtained in the assimilation tests. Results The reactions of the strains of Candida studied appear in Table 2. It can be seen from these data that it is easy to distinguish C. albicans from C. stellatoidea by the sugar assimilation test, whereas they cannot always be distinguished on the basis of their activity in germ tube production, chlamydospore formation, or fermentation of sugars. Furthermore, it is also possible to differentiate C. krusei and C. parakrusei by their characteristic sugar assimilation patterns. They have similar fermentation reactions, which makes identification on that basis difficult. C. albicans and C. parakrusei had identical assimilation spectrums and required other tests, i.e., sugar fermentation, chlamydospore formation and germ tube production, for their identification. ll of the other species of Candida studied had characteristic assimilation patterns. Discussion The sugar fermentation, germ tube production, and chlamydospore formation do not provide exact, precise means of distinguishing between C. albicans and C. stellatoidea, inasmuch as the fermentation
3 June 1970 SSIMILTION TEST FOR CNDID IDENTIFICTION 877 Table 1. Sources of Candida Strains Studied C. albicans Species and Strain No. B612, B , Mur DS378, DS374, DS385, 216, 377, V Hosp., Roth 20M22, H. llemand 6871, , C Y326 C. krusei 331, B 7183 C. parakrusei TCC 10232, B 8556, 1044, 5536, 375, 2125, 508, 36, 41, 42, 6563, 6648, 6866, 6964, 7002, 7003, 7031, 7033, 7034, 7035, 7036, 7083, 7084 C. tropicalis B396 52,53 C. psetulolropicalis, B C. guilliermondii, B YM Source * Dr. M. Sue Ivensf J * National Communicable Disease Center, tlanta, Georgia. f Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La. X Oak Ridge ssociated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tenn. patterns of the two organisms can be, and many times are, identical. For example, five strains of C. albicans had a fermentation pattern similar to that of the four strains of tested (Table 2). lso, although C. albicans usually produced abundant chlamydospores on cornmeal agar and only rarely produces these structures, there are strains of C. albicans that are poor chlamydospore producers. Two strains of formed occasional chlamydospores on corn-
4 Table 2. Results of Chlamydospore Formation, Germ Tube Production, and Sugar Fermentation and ssimilation Tests of Representative Strains of Candida* Organism Chlamydospore Germ Tube Formation Production Fermentation ssimilation Dex- Malt- Sutrose ose crose Lactose Dex- Malt- Su- Lac- Galac- Cello- Raffi- Trehalose ose crose tose tose biose nose lose C. albicans (9 f C. albicans (5 (strain 44) (strain C) (2 C. krusei (4 C. parakrusei (14 C. parakrusei (11 C. guilliermondii (4 C. tropicalis (4 C. pseudotropicalis (2 _ * = acid and gas; = acid only; = few produced or formed, t Strains giving identical reactions are grouped. _ H o n X w 3 z
5 June 1970 SSIMILTION TEST FOR CNDID IDENTIFICTION 879 meal agar, whereas three produced a rare germ tube on egg white incubated at 37 C. However, these two species can be distinguished readily by their differential behavior on sugar assimilation, since C. albicans assimilates sucrose, and does not. Similarly, C. krusei, C. parakrusei, and C. guilliermondii may have the same sugar fermentation patterns. The four strains of C. krusei analyzed were indistinguishable by sugar fermentation from 14 of the 25 strains of C. parakrusei tested (Table 2), whereas the carbon assimilation behavior of each of these species was characteristic and permitted precise classification. The four strains of C. guilliermondii studied fermented dextrose and sucrose, producing acid and gas, and therefore behaved differently from the strains of C. krusei and C. parakrusei tested. Nevertheless, C. guilliermondii is known to ferment only dextrose at times, 1 in which case this test would not suffice to separate it from either C. krusei or C. parakrusei. The strains of C. tropicalis studied could be identified by their ability to assimilate cellobiose, but some strains may fail to utilize this sugar. 1 However, all strains of C. tropicalis had a characteristic fermentation pattern so that, for this species, sugar fermentation does provide an adequate diagnostic tool. Similarly, C. pseudotropicalis had a unique fermentation pattern with its fermentation of lactose, a sugar neither fermented nor assimilated by any of the other species of Candida studied. C. albicans and C. parakrusei behave identically on sugar assimilation, and for these two species germ tube production, chlamydospore formation, and sugar fermentation are necessary for identification. The technic described has an advantage over some of the other methods in that each sugar is placed in a separate, individual tube, so that the diffusion of adjacent sugars into the surrounding medium is prevented. Such diffusion sometimes occurs when performing the test in petri dishes, be it in wells, disks, or just by dropping the sugar onto the surface of the agar. The use of a sugar-free control tube eliminates false-positive interpretations that may result when traces of nutrient are carried over in the inoculum. References 1. jello, L., Georg, L. K., Kaplan, W., and Kaufman, L.: Laboratory Manual for Medical Mycology. U. S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, C.D.C., tlanta, Georgia, pp. El- E Beijerinck, M. W.: L'auxanographie, ou la methode d l'hydro diffusion dans la gelatine appliqu e aux recherches raicrobiologiques. rch. Nederl. Sci. 23: 367-S72, Bonfante, R.: Development and evaluation of a rapid identification test for Candida albicans. Mycopathologia 34: 33-39, Buckley, H. R., and Van Uden, N.: The identification of Candida albicans within two hours by the use of an egg white medium slide preparation. Sabouraudia 2: , Bump, C. M., and Kunz, L. F.: Routine identification of yeasts with the aid of molybdateagar medium. ppl. Microbiol. 16: , DiMenna, M. E.: search for pathogenic species of yeasts in New Zealand soils. J. Gen. Microbiol. 12: 54-62, Lau, H. S.: Evaluation of media and methods for chlamydospore formation by Candida albicans. Techn. Bull. Regist. Med. Techn. 50: , Mackenzie, D. W. R.: Serum tube identification of Candida albicans. J. Clin. Path. 15: , Svobodova, Y and Chmcl, L.: method for the rapid identification of pathogenic yeastlike organisms. Mycopathologia 26: 403^109, Taschdjian, C. L., Burchall, J. M., and Kozinn, P. J.: Rapid identification of Candida albicans by filamentation on serum and serum substitutes. mer. J. Dis. Child. 99: , 1960.
Identification of yeast species in the oral cavity of Iranian soldiers by disk diffusion method
Original Research Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Vol. 21, No. 4, February 2008. pp. 209-214 Identification of yeast species in the oral cavity of Iranian soldiers by disk diffusion method
More informationIdentification of yeast species in the oral cavity of Iranian soldiers by disk diffusion method
Original Research Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Vol. 21, No. 4, February 2008. pp. 209-214 Identification of yeast species in the oral cavity of Iranian soldiers by disk diffusion method
More informationLESSON ASSIGNMENT. After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 9 Media and Reagents TEXT ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 9-1 through 9-13. TASK OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 9-1. Select the statement that correctly
More informationGROWTH AND MANOMETRIC STUDIES ON CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION
GROWTH AND MANOMETRIC STUDIES ON CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION BY SHIGELLA FLEXNERI' ARVID L. ERLANDSON, JR.,2 AND WILLIAM H. MACKEY Naval Medical Research Institute, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda,
More informationPreparation of Mycological Media & staining
Preparation of Mycological Media & staining Preparation of Mycological Media Mycological media used to isolate, culture and then identify the fungi Some culture media used as preservation media Preparation
More informationIncidence of Candida in patients admitted to ICU
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Advances in Applied Science Research, 2013, 4(5):282-286 Incidence of Candida in patients admitted to ICU Nidhi Singh and Jayanthi Abraham* ISSN: 0976-8610
More informationComparative Evaluation of the Iatron Serological Candida Check Kit and the API 20C Kit for Identification of Medically Important Candida Species
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1981, p. 513-518 0095-1137/81/03-0513-06$02.00/0 Vol. 13, No. 3 Comparative Evaluation of the Iatron Serological Candida Check Kit and the API 20C Kit for Identification
More informationLESSON ASSIGNMENT. After completing this lesson, you should be able to: Identify principles for maintaining a "working" stock culture.
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 10 Maintaining Stock Cultures. TEXT ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 10-1 through 10-6. TASK OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 10-1. Identify principles for
More informationANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS OF TORULOPSIS GLABRATA AND SEVEN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CANDIDA
ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS OF TORULOPSIS GLABRATA AND SEVEN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CANDIDA H. F. HASENCLEVER AND WILLIAM 0. MITCHELL U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service,
More informationEvaluation of the Uni-Yeast-Tek Kit for the Identification of
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, OCt. 1975, p. 354-358 Copyright ) 1975 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 2, No. 4 Printed in U.SA. Evaluation of the Uni-Yeast-Tek Kit for the Identification of Medically
More informationMedical Mycology. Lab (1)
Medical Mycology Lab (1) 1-Introduction Mycology - the study of fungi Fungi - molds and yeasts Molds - exhibit filamentous type of growth Yeasts - pasty or mucoid form of fungal growth 50,000 + valid species;
More informationChapter 3 SCREENING AND SELECTION OF STRAIN FOR ALKALINE PROTEASE PRODUCTION BY SUBMERGED FERMENTATION
Chapter 3 SCREENING AND SELECTION OF STRAIN FOR ALKALINE PROTEASE PRODUCTION BY SUBMERGED FERMENTATION - 42 - 3.1 MATERIAL AND METHODS 3.1.1 Isolation of bacterial strains for alkaline protease production
More informationMICROBIOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN HATCHERY: Laboratory Methods
Issue No.29 / March 2010 MICROBIOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN HATCHERY: Laboratory Methods By Dr Vincent TURBLIN, Deputy Regional Market Manager Poultry - CEVA Animal Health Asia Pacific Most
More informationCHAPTER III SCREENING, ISOLATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRA OF ACTINOMYCETES
CHAPTER III SCREENING, ISOLATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRA OF ACTINOMYCETES (a) Collection of Samples: A total of nine samples were collected in sterile containers for the systematic screening
More informationMICROBIOLOGY #2 PREPERATION AND STERILIZATION OF CULTURE MEDIA
MICROBIOLOGY #2 PREPERATION AND STERILIZATION OF CULTURE MEDIA When we receive a sample (ex. Urine sample) for detection, we cannot gram stain it right away if it requires to be inoculated because when
More informationANALYTICAL REPORT: Comparison of the Microbial Recovery Efficacy of QI Medical EnviroTest Paddles versus a Conventional Contact Plate
FOCUS Scientific Services LLC ANALYTICAL REPORT: Comparison of the Microbial Recovery Efficacy of QI Medical EnviroTest Paddles versus a Conventional Contact Plate REPORT: FS-QI-GM-003 Study Manager: Anthony
More informationCut-off Values and Species-Specific Breakpoints 12/19/2016
Welcome to Mayo Medical Laboratories Hot Topics. These presentations provide short discussion of current topics and may be helpful to you in your practice. 1 Laboratories and Professor of Laboratory Medicine
More informationSection 8: Refined sugar p 1/5
Section 8: Refined sugar p 1/5 1. Rationale Method 8.19 Refined sugar: total thermophilic organisms, flat sour spores, anaerobic organisms producing sulphide and anaerobic organisms producing gas The method
More information!Difco KL Virulence Enrichment S1191JAA 2003/07
Revisions SO 0046-2 Rev From Rev To ECO # Appr. 0899 0703 2143-03 Notes: 1. BD Cat. No. 298610 2. Blank (Sheet) Size : Length: Width: Number of Pages: 4 Number of Sheets: 1 Page Size: Length 7.312 Width
More informationRAPID METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION', 2
RAPID METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION', 2 JOSEPH J. McDADE AND R. H. WEAVER Department of Bacteriology, University of Kentucky, and the Kentucky Research Foundation, Lexington, Kentucky
More informationSpeciation of Candida using HiCrome Candida Differential Agar
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 7 (2016) pp. 267-274 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.507.027
More informationDISSOCIATION IN CANDIDA ALBICANS 1
DISSOCIATION IN CANDIDA ALBICANS 1 B. s. GEORGE, PH.D., AND 0. A. PLUNKETT, PH.D. Cultures of Candida albicans which have been maintained for some time on laboratory media often develop characteristics
More informationBacterial Plate Preparation. ~ Using aseptic techniques ~
Bacterial Plate Preparation ~ Using aseptic techniques ~ Bacterial Plates Laboratory and research scientists have to prepare nutrient media to grow specific strains of bacteria for their research. To do
More informationColiform bacteria are quantitated by the fractional gram pour plate technique (Note 1). Test tubes containing gas collector tubes (Durham Tubes)
Microbiological Methods IV-A- 1 (STANDARD PLATE COUNT METHOD) PRINCIPLE SCOPE Coliform bacteria are quantitated by the fractional gram pour plate technique (Note 1). The method is applicable to starches,
More informationSECONDARY COLONY FORMATION BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON EOSINE
SECONDARY COLONY FORMATION BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON EOSINE METHYLENE BLUE AGAR K. K. SHAH' AND V. N. IYER2 Microbiology Department, S. B. Garda College, Navsari, India Received for publication November
More informationCOUNT METHOD 5.0 OBJECTIVES 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 PRINCIPLE. Structure
Food Microbiology EXPERIMENT 5 STANDARD PLATE COUNT METHOD Structure 5.0 Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Principle 5.3 Materials Required 5.4 Procedure 5.4.1 E-coli Culture 5.4.2 Food Samples 5.5 Observations
More informationMicrobiological Methods
Microbiological Methods Making Media Pouring Culture Plates Sterile Technique Inoculating Plates and Culture Tubes Use of a Plate Counter to Estimate Microbial Population Densities Culturing Microorganisms
More informationExercise 19. Fungi: Molds and Yeasts F10 Or The Rotten World Around Us
Exercise 19 119 Fungi: Molds and Yeasts F10 Or The Rotten World Around Us INTRODUCTION: Student Learning Objectives: After completing this exercise students will: a. Define the terms Saprophyte, Mycosis,
More informationLaboratory Procedure October 1999 HEALTH PROTECTION BRANCH OTTAWA ANALYSIS OF SPROUTS FOR COLIFORMS, ESCHERICHIA COLI, AND KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE..
Government of Canada Gouvernement du Canada Laboratory Procedure MFLP-64 October 1999 HEALTH PROTECTION BRANCH OTTAWA ANALYSIS OF SPROUTS FOR COLIFORMS, ESCHERICHIA COLI, AND KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE.. Don
More informationM I C R O B I O L O G Y
ninth edition TORTORA FUNKE CASE M I C R O B I O L O G Y a n i n t r o d u c t i o n 6 Microbial Growth PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbial Growth Microbial growth
More informationDetermination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Biochemical Test Methods Test, a Modified Biochemical Test for
Japan. J. Microbiol. Vol. 14 (4), 279-284, 1970 Determination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa II. Acylamidase by Biochemical Test Methods the Identification Test, a Modified Biochemical Test for of Pseudomonas
More informationEDICT ± OF GOVERNMENT
EDICT ± OF GOVERNMENT Inordertopromotepubliceducationandpublicsafety,equal justiceforal,abeterinformedcitizenry,theruleoflaw,world tradeandworldpeace,thislegaldocumentisherebymade availableonanoncommercialbasis,asitistherightofal
More informationVolume: 2: Issue-3: July-Sept ISSN EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCES ON MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF XYLITOL. K. Srivani 1 and Y.
Volume: 2: Issue-3: July-Sept -2011 ISSN 0976-4550 EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCES ON MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF XYLITOL K. Srivani 1 and Y. Pydi Setty 2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute
More information2. 47 mm grid marked, white sterile 0.45 micron membranes (Millipore or equivalent) 4. Vacuum pump capable of inches of vacuum
Microbiological Methods IX-B- 1 PRESUMPTIVE MEMBRANE FILTER METHOD AND CONFIRMATION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA PRINCIPLE SCOPE Presumptive Pseudomonas bacteria are quantitated by a membrane filter technique,
More informationClinical Evaluation of the AutoMicrobic System Yeast
JOURNAL 0F CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 1981, p. 351-355 Vol. 13, No. 2 0095-1137/81/020351-05S02.00/0 Clinical Evaluation of the AutoMicrobic System Yeast Biochemical Card for Rapid Identification of Medically
More informationClinical Specimens. over a 1.5-year period. The same yeast also was. isolated from the skin of the foot, but no evidence
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1983, p. 1252-1255 95-1137/83/11 1252-4$2./ Copyright 1983, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 18, No. 5 Candida ciferrii and Candida chiropterorum Isolated from
More informationMulticenter Evaluation of Microring YT, a New Method of
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 1990, p. 2808-2810 Vol. 28, No. 12 0095-1137/90/122808-03$02.00/0 Copyright (O 1990, American Society for Microbiology Multicenter Evaluation of Microring YT, a New
More informationIsolation of Lac+ Mutants from a Lac- Strain of Escherichia coli, by the Replica Plating Technique
586 BANI^, S. (1958). J. gen. Microbiol. 18, 586-590 Isolation of Lac+ Mutants from a Lac- Strain of Escherichia coli, by the Replica Plating Technique BY S. BANIC Institute of Microbiology, Medical Faculty,
More informationPathogenic Bacteria. culture media. Components of the Typical Culture Medium: Culture Media Importance:
Level4 Lab2: Pathogenic Bacteria culture media Microorganisms, like all other living organisms, require basic nutrients for sustaining their life. All microorganisms have the same basic requirements but
More informationEvaluation of Five Phenotypic Tests in the Identification of Candida Species
DOI: NJLM/2015/13492:2057 Microbiology Section Original Article Evaluation of Five Phenotypic Tests in the Identification of Candida Species Sidhartha Giri, Anupma Jyoti Kindo ABSTRACT Introduction: Rapid
More informationChlamydospore Production and Germ-Tube
APPLizD MICROMIOLOGY, Apr. 1973, p. 615-620 Copyright i 1973 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 25, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. Chlamydospore Production and Germ-Tube Formation by Auxotrophs of Candida
More informationCh 6. Microbial Growth
Ch 6 Microbial Growth Student Learning Outcomes: Classify microbes into five groups on the basis of preferred temperature range. Explain the importance of osmotic pressure to microbial growth. Provide
More informationCARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION TEST
Microbiology Laboratory (BIOL 3702L) Page 1 of 6 Principle and Purpose CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION TEST Microorganisms need to generate energy in order to grow, divide, and survive. In any given environment,
More informationCOMPASS Ecc Agar. Microorganisms Typical phenotype Colony color. GUD + / -gal + GUD - / -gal + GUD - / -gal - 1/5
COMPASS Ecc Agar INTENDED USE COMPASS Ecc Agar is a selective chromogenic medium used for the simultaneous and specific enumeration of all Escherichia coli and coliforms in food products and animal feeding
More informationDNA TRANSFORMATION OF BACTERIA RED COLONY REVISED 3/2003
DNA TRANSFORMATION OF BACTERIA RED COLONY REVISED 3/2003 Prepared by the Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University TEACHER PREPARATION AND INSTRUCTION GUIDE Preparation for the DNA transformation
More informationEvaluation of the New API 20C Strip for Yeast Identification
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 1979, p. 357-364 0095-1137/79/09-0357/08$02.00/0 Vol. 10, No. 3 Evaluation of the New API 20C Strip for Yeast Identification Against a Conventional Method G. A.
More informationUtility of the Germ Tube Test for the Identification of Candida albicans Directly from Positive Blood Culture Bottles. ACCEPTED
JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on August 00 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:./jcm.01-0 Copyright 00, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.
More informationRapid Methods for Identification of Yeasts
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, JUlY 1975, p. 21-34 Vol. 2, No. 1 Copyright ) 1975 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.SA. Rapid Methods for Identification of Yeasts M. HUPPERT,* GLORIA HARPER,'
More informationRapid Methods for Identification of Yeasts
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, JUlY 1975, p. 21-34 Vol. 2, No. 1 Copyright ) 1975 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.SA. Rapid Methods for Identification of Yeasts M. HUPPERT,* GLORIA HARPER,'
More informationMulticenter Evaluation of Four Methods of Yeast Inoculum Preparation
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 1988, p. 1437-1441 0095-1137/88/081437-05$02.00/0 Copyright C 1988, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 26, No. 8 Multicenter Evaluation of Four Methods of Yeast
More information--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB 4789.
Translated English of Chinese Standard: Translated by: www.chinesestandard.net Email: Wayne@ChineseStandard.net National Standard of the People s Republic of China GB National food safety standard Food
More informationCultural Characteristics of a Cell Line Derived
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1972, p. 727-731 Copyright 1972 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 24, No. 5 Printed in U.S.A. Cultural Characteristics of a Cell Line Derived from an Equine Sarcoid R. E.
More informationStandard Operating Procedure Title: Handling of Media Diluents and Reagents in the Microbiology Laboratory
Standard Operating Procedure Title: Handling of Media Diluents and Reagents in the Microbiology Laboratory Department Micro Laboratory Document no MICLAB 160 Title Handling of Media Diluents and Reagents
More informationBD BBL Mycoslide. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE READY-TO-USE DIPSLIDE MEDIA DA Rev.: June 2003
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE READY-TO-USE DIPSLIDE MEDIA DA-273157.00 Rev.: June 2003 BD BBL Mycoslide INTENDED USE BBL Mycoslide is a three-sided dipslide containing media for the detection of fungi, including
More informationSouth As. J. Biol. Sci. 2(1): ISSN Molecular Identification of Closely Related Candida Spp. based 18S rrna Markers
South As. J. Biol. Sci. 2(1): 12-21 ISSN 2249-6599 Molecular Identification of Closely Related Candida Spp. based 18S rrna Markers S.Savetha, D.Kavivanji, M.P.Ayyappadas, R.Renugadevi and P.H.Preethy Department
More informationBiology 322 Fall 2010 Transfer of genetic information in the bacterium Escherichia coli: Part I
Biology 322 Fall 2010 Transfer of genetic information in the bacterium Escherichia coli: Part I REQUIRED Reading Assignments: Superbugs on the Hoof http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/trent/trent/superbugs.pdf Triple
More information3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The composition of media for the growth of different Candida species, chemicals and reagents, equipment and glassware used
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The composition of media for the growth of different Candida species, chemicals and reagents, equipment and glassware used in the study are given in Annexture-I, II and III respectively.
More informationOrthophenylphenol in healthcare environments: a trial related to a new administration method and a review of the literature*
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/ Research Article Turk J Med Sci (2013) 43: 805-809 TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/sag-1208-4 Orthophenylphenol in healthcare environments:
More informationFLUCONAZOLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF CANDIDA SPECIES BY DISC DIFFUSION AND AGAR DILUTION METHOD
FLUCONAZOLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF CANDIDA SPECIES BY DISC DIFFUSION AND AGAR DILUTION METHOD Supriya Tankhiwale, Sunita Gajbhiye, Rajaram Powar 1. Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government
More informationGUIDELINES FOR WRITING A LAB REPORT FOR BIOL 215L (MICROBIOLOGY FOR HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS)
GUIDELINES FOR WRITING A LAB REPORT FOR BIOL 215L (MICROBIOLOGY FOR HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS) Your lab report will focus only on your unknown bacteria, which you collected, cultured, isolated, analyzed,
More informationA SIMPLE METHOD FOR PREPARING HOMOGENEOUS SUSPEN-
A SMPLE METHOD FOR PREPARNG HOMOGENEOUS SUSPEN- SONS OF DERMATOPHYTES AND FOR ESTMATNG THE NUMBER OF VABLE PARTCLES N THESE SUSPENSONS* t FRANCES WOLFE FREDHOFF, MS. AND STANLEY A. ROSENTHAL, Ph.D. Because
More information7-022: Agar method for the detection of Microdochium nivale on Triticum spp.
International Rules for Seed Testing Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods 7-022: Agar method for the detection of Microdochium nivale on Triticum spp. Published by the International Seed Testing
More informationCulture Media. Provide certain environmental conditions, nutrients & energy in order to grow and produce bacteria
Culture Media Culture Media Provide certain environmental conditions, nutrients & energy in order to grow and produce bacteria Different categories of media can be made according to the type and combination
More informationReceived 2 August 1995/Returned for modification 10 October 1995/Accepted 18 January 1996
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 1996, p. 842 847 Vol. 34, No. 4 0095-1137/96/$04.00 0 Copyright 1996, American Society for Microbiology Fluconazole and Amphotericin B Antifungal Susceptibility Testing
More informationTransformation of DNA in competent E. coil
Transformation of DNA in competent E. coil Reagents: SOC medium (1L) (a) 20g tryptone, 5g yeast extract, 0.5g NaCl in 950ml dh 2 O. (b) 250mM KCl: 1.86 KCl in 100ml dh 2 O. Add 10ml of solution (b) to
More informationProject 7: Wound Cultures and Identification
Project 7: Wound Cultures and Identification Readings: https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/wound-culture/tab/test Identification of Gram-Positive & Gram-Negative Bacteria Guide to laboratory
More informationENUMERATION AND ISOLATION OF ANAEROBIC BACTERIA IN SEWAGE DIGESTOR FLUIDS: ISOLATION OF LACTATE-UTILIZERS
J. Gen. App!. Microbiol., 26, 15-24 (1980) ENUMERATION AND ISOLATION OF ANAEROBIC BACTERIA IN SEWAGE DIGESTOR FLUIDS: ISOLATION OF LACTATE-UTILIZERS ATSUKO UEKI,1 HAJIME MINATO, RYOZO AZUMA, AND TSUNEJI
More informationAntimicrobial activity (in vitro) of polysaccharide gel from durian fruit-hulls
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Antimicrobial activity (in vitro) of polysaccharide gel from durian fruit-hulls Vimolmas Lipipun 1, Nantawan Nantawanit 2 and Sunanta Pongsamart 3 Abstract Lipipun, V., Nantawanit, N.
More information7-022: Agar method for the detection of Microdochium nivale and Microdochium majus on Triticum spp.
International Rules for Seed Testing Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods 7-022: Agar method for the detection of Microdochium nivale and Microdochium majus on Triticum spp. Published by the
More informationLab Activity #14 - Bacteriological Examination Of Water and Milk (Adapted from Lab manual by Dr. Diehl)
Lab Activity #14 - Bacteriological Examination Of Water and Milk (Adapted from Lab manual by Dr. Diehl) Some of the diseases that humans can contract from drinking polluted water include typhoid, dysentery,
More informationBacticard Candida. Escrit per Administrator dissabte, 4 d'abril de :12 - METHOD
METHOD The Bacticard Candida test card consists of two separate test circles containing the substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide (MUAG) and L-proline-beta-naphthylamide The substrates
More informationCulturing microorganisms
Culturing microorganisms I. Historical development II. Problems and Solutions III. Studying microorganisms without a microscope -- culturing techniques A. How do you do it? B. Inoculation and isolation
More informationFinal text for addition to The International Pharmacopoeia
March 2012 3.3.2 MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF NON-STERILE PRODUCTS: TESTS FOR SPECIFIED MICROORGANISMS Final text for addition to The International Pharmacopoeia This monograph was adopted at the Forty-sixth
More information2/25/2013. Psychrotrophs Grow between 0 C and C Cause food spoilage Food Preservation Temperatures
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Chapter 6 Microbial Growth Microbial Growth Increase in number of cells, not cell size Populations Colonies The Requirements for Growth Physical requirements Temperature ph Osmotic pressure
More informationOptimization of Agitation Conditions for Maximum Ethanol Production by Coculture
Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) : - 9 () Optimization of Agitation Conditions for Maximum Ethanol Production by Coculture Arisra Rodmui, Jirasak Kongkiattikajorn* and Yuwapin Dandusitapun ABSTRACT The coculture
More informationfor Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeast Isolates
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 1994, p. 1992-1996 0095-1137/94/$00+0 Copyright C 1994, American Society for Microbiology Vol., No. 8 Evaluation of a Novel Colorimetric Broth Microdilution Method
More informationfor Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeast Isolates
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 1994, p. 1992-1996 0095-1137/94/$00+0 Copyright C 1994, American Society for Microbiology Vol., No. 8 Evaluation of a Novel Colorimetric Broth Microdilution Method
More informationfor Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeast Isolates
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 1994, p. 1992-1996 0095-1137/94/$00+0 Copyright C 1994, American Society for Microbiology Vol., No. 8 Evaluation of a Novel Colorimetric Broth Microdilution Method
More informationUNIVERSITEIT GENT. Laboratory of Microbiology K.L. Ledeganckstr. 35 B-9000 Gent (BELGIUM) SOP. Standard Operating Procedure.
SOP Standard Operating Procedure Author: Acronym: Date last modified: Geert Huys ASIARESIST-PRES 20-11-2002 Title: PRESERVATION OF BACTERIA USING COMMERCIAL CRYOPRESERVATION SYSTEMS References: Reviewed
More informationAn Effective Use of Petri Dishes for Microcultures
31 TURNER-GRAFF, RUHAMA (1952). J. gen. Microbiol. 7, 31-35 An Effective Use of Petri Dishes for Microcultures BY RUHAMA TURXER-GRAFF Dairy Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, Rehovot,
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research ISSN No: 0975-7384 CODEN(USA): JCPRC5 J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(6):872-876 Effect of critical medium components on antimicrobial
More informationSTUDIES ON THE CELL WALL LYTIC ENZYMES PRODUCED BY STREPTOMYCES SPECIES PART 1. THE STRAINS AND THEIR LYTIC ACTIVITY TOWARD SACCHAROMYCES
J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. Vol. 6, No. 1, 1960 STUDIES ON THE CELL WALL LYTIC ENZYMES PRODUCED BY STREPTOMYCES SPECIES PART 1. THE STRAINS AND THEIR LYTIC ACTIVITY TOWARD SACCHAROMYCES AKIRA FURUYA and YONOSUKE
More informationNational food safety standard Food microbiological examination: Listeria monocytogenes
National Standard of the People s Republic of China GB 4789.30-2010 National food safety standard Food microbiological examination: Listeria monocytogenes Issued on: 2010-03 - 26 Implemented on: 2010-06
More informationLESSON ASSIGNMENT. After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 8 Mycological Procedures. TEXT ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 8-1 through 8-12. TASK OBJECTIVE After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 8-1. Identify the characteristics of
More informationAuxanographic Techniques in Biochemical Genetics
122 Auxanographic Techniques in Biochemical Genetics BY G. YONTECORVO Department of Genetics, The University, Glasgow SUMMARY : Details are given of the auxanographic method for identifying growthfactor
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB4789.35-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 4789.35-2016 National food safety standard
More informationAssociation of Electrophoretic Karyotype of Candida stellatoidea with Virulence for Mice
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, JUlY 1988, p. 1814-1819 Vol. 56, No. 7 0019-9567/88/071814-06$02.00/0 Copyright C) 1988, American Society for Microbiology Association of Electrophoretic Karyotype of Candida stellatoidea
More informationINVITRO COMPATIBILITY EVALUATION FOR THE BIOCONVERSION OF DOMESTIC SOLID WASTES BY MIXED CULTURES OF MICRO-ORGANISMS
INVITRO COMPATIBILITY EVALUATION FOR THE BIOCONVERSION OF DOMESTIC SOLID WASTES BY MIXED CULTURES OF MICRO-ORGANISMS Ashwitha Kodaparthi 1, Pavan Kumar Pindi 2, A. Swaroopa Rani 3 1 Department of Microbiology,
More informationEnzymatic differentiation of Candida parapsilosis from other Candida spp. in a membrane filtration test
Journal of Microbiological Methods 53 (2003) 11 15 www.elsevier.com/locate/jmicmeth Enzymatic differentiation of Candida parapsilosis from other Candida spp. in a membrane filtration test Tiene G.M. Bauters
More informationInoculate: Media. Physical State of Media: Liquid. The Five I s: Basic Techniques to Culture Microbes Tools of the Microbiology Laboratory
The Five I s: Basic Techniques to Culture Microbes Tools of the Microbiology Laboratory 1. Inoculate 2. Incubate 3. Isolate 4. Inspect 5. Identify The Five I s: Inoculate Inoculate: Media Classified according
More informationCulturing microorganisms
Culturing microorganisms I. Historical development II. Problems and Solutions III. Studying microorganisms without a microscope -- culturing techniques A. How do you do it? B. Inoculation and isolation
More informationIsolation and Identification of Candida Species from the Oral Cavity Using CHROMagar Candida
Iranian Biomedical Journal 4(2&3): 57-61 (July 2000) Isolation and Identification of Candida Species from the Oral Cavity Using CHROMagar Candida Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi 1, David Bernard Drucker *1,2, Nicky
More informationBD BBL Dermatoslide. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE READY-TO-USE DIPSLIDE MEDIA DA Rev.: July 2003
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE READY-TO-USE DIPSLIDE MEDIA DA-273191.00 Rev.: July 2003 BD BBL Dermatoslide INTENDED USE BBL Dermatoslide is a two-sided slide system for the detection and isolation of pathogenic
More informationPURE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
PURE CULTURE TECHNIQUES Most specimens (from animal tissue, plant tissue, or environmental samples) will be mixed, with a variety of bacteria (or other microorganisms). A single gram of feces, for example,
More informationSELECTED QUESTIONS F ROM OLD MICRO 102 QUIZZES PART I EXPERIMENTS 1 THROUGH 7
SELECTED QUESTIONS F ROM OLD MICRO 102 QUIZZES PART I EXPERIMENTS 1 THROUGH 7 Question numbers refer to the applicable experiment. Questions with blanks are multiple true-false questions unless otherwise
More informationENVR 421 Laboratory #1: Basic Bacteriology Techniques
ENVR 421 Laboratory #1: Basic Bacteriology Techniques Introduction The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to familiarize you with two fundamental bacteriology techniques: the streak plate and the spread
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor
L number Lab 2 Done by حسام أبو عوض Corrected by Mahdi sharawi Doctor In many cases we need to identify the type of bacteria causing an infection in order to be able to choose the right medication (antibiotic).
More informationMicrobiological Methods
Microbiological Methods Making Media Pouring Culture Plates Sterile Technique Inoculating Plates and Culture Tubes Use of a Plate Counter to Estimate Microbial Population Densities Sterile Technique Sterile
More informationGeNei TM Transformation Teaching Kit Manual
Teaching Kit Manual Cat No. New Cat No. KT07 107385 KT07A 106220 Revision No.: 00060505 CONTENTS Page No. Objective 3 Principle 3 Kit Description 6 Materials Provided 7 Procedure 9 Observation & Interpretation
More informationSerial dilution and colony count (Viable count) Pour plate. Spread plate Membrane filtration. Turbidity. Microscopic cell count
Aljawharah Alabbad 2016 Serial dilution and colony count (Viable count) Pour plate Spread plate Membrane filtration Turbidity Microscopic cell count Many studies require the quantitative determination
More information