Biosurfactants and Bioemulsifiers

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1 Biosurfactants and Bioemulsifiers Dr Pattanathu Rahman Biotechnology Programme Leader Teesside University - UK & Founding Director TeeGene Biotech Ltd. Wilton Centre, Wilton UK TeeGene Biotech Ltd.

2 TEESSIDE UNIVERSITY - UK

3 Reg. No: Registered Office: ONE AMERICA SQUARE, CROSSWALL, LONDON - EC3N 2SG Office: H245, WILTON CENTRE, REDCAR TS104RF CPI NHC NBMC Fujifilm FORGE TeeGene Wilton Centre

4 BIOSURFACTANTS Teegene biotech is a spin out venture from Teesside University, which is pioneering the use of biosurfactants in a range of cosmetics, environmental and biomedical applications. Highly-effective biotechnology based surface-active multi-functional products Properties: Non-toxic, Non-hazardous Thermostable Low surface tension Emulsify: wide range of hydrocarbons - Stable emulsion

5 Classification of microbial surfactants Microbial surfactants Biosurfactants Low molecular weight Composed of sugars, amino acids and fatty acids Reduce surface/interfacial tensions Solubilise and emulsify hydrophobic substrates Bioemulsifier High molecular weight Consists of polysaccharideprotein lipid complex Less effective in surface/interfacial tension reduction Efficient emulsification and stabilization of emulsion

6 Characteristics Both bioemulsifiers and biosurfactants contain hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties The non-polar (hydrophobic) region is often a hydrocarbon chain. The polar portion (hydrophilic) region may be ionic (cationic or anionic), non-ionic or amphoteric (Campos et al., 2013)

7 Structure of Biosurfactants (Zhou et al.,2013) Chemical structures of the conventional mannosylerythritol lipids. (Fukuoka 2008) Sophorolipid Surfactin (Mulligan, 2009)

8 Marine Microbes Harvey and Rahman, 2015

9 Culture conditions required for Algae Harvey and Rahman, 2015

10 Screening of novel microbes from nature

11 Biosurfactant Bacteria - Teesside Culture Collection = 122 bacterial strains from Northeast England AM Pseudomonas teessidea partial 16S rrna gene, type strain PR65T AM Pseudomonas clemancea partial 16S rrna gene, type strain PR221T

12 Scale up of Bioprocess 100ml of broth (Nutrient: Glycerol + MSM) Conditions: agitation 150rpm, ph 7.0 and incubation at 30 o C Biosurfactant production in batch fermenter (New Brunswick Bioflo 101)

13 HPLC / Mass spectrum of rhamnolipids S#: 3-62 RT: AV: 60 NL: 2.82E7 F: - c ms [ ] g/mol Relative Abundance g/mol m/z Mass (m/z)

14 Emulsification of hydrocarbons by biosurfactants

15 OIL EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE Steam Injector Overburden Shale Sandstone Housing Oil Steam Hot Water Shale Oil Reservoir Tertiary Recovery (Collitt, Sina and Rahman 2014) Tertiary Recovery or Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) MEOR is a method of tertiary recovery EOR could potentially recover a further 60 billion barrels (US Report) Current oil extraction techniques still leave oil trapped in low permeability zones MEOR can potentially solve this problem. MEOR is a green option to extract remaining reservoir oil

16 BEOR TECHNOLOGY

17 BIOSURFACTANT MARKET RESEARCH According to F&S estimations the global biosurfactants market rounds $1.76 B (base year 2013), with a combined annual growth rate of about 3.5% The global biosurfactant market is expected to reach $2.8 B in 2023 European markets are leading the biosurfactant space with 53.8% of global sales revenue, followed by North America and then Asia Pacific. (Source: Life Sciences and Biotech Technical Insight, Frost & Sullivan, 22 May 2014) SEKHON, K.K. AND RAHMAN, P.K.S.M Frontiers in Microbiology 5:

18 ALGAL EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES Algal EPS represent a huge range of structures They are high-molecular-weight structures (10-30 kda) EPS structure varies widely between different genera of algae environmental conditions (Patel et al., 2010)

19 POLYSACHHARIDES - BIOEMULSIFIERS Worldwide, production of polysaccharides from marine biomass is between 25,000-30,000 tons/year (Pichavant, 2009) polysaccharides can be classified in to three groups: 1. Cytosolic polysaccharides provide carbon and energy sources for the cell, 2. Structural polysaccharides - make up the cell wall 3. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) - secreted in to the extracellular environment in capsules or biofilms (Roger 2002)

20 SCREENING OF ALGAE A. Saltburn, B. Seaton and C. Skinningrove beaches Harvey and Rahman, 2015 (Google Maps, 2015).

21 Surface tension measurements Emulsification Index (E 24 %) in Sunflower Oil Harvey and Rahman, 2015

22 Algal bio-emulsifiers Bacterial Bio-emulsifier Harvey and Rahman, 2015

23 TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION WITH NETWORK MEMBERS Green micro-algae Dunaliella salina and red algae Porphyridium cruentum bioemulsifier producers ANY SLIMY ALGAE: Preliminary screening for biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers - Free of cost Contact me (rahman@teegene.co.uk)

24 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Teesside University Commonwealth Scholarship Commission Business Investment Funds Biobase Europe Pilot Plant (Belgium) Research and Development Team BSc, MEng, MSc and PhD students

25 Thanks Dr Pattanathu Rahman Biotechnology Programme Leader Teesside University - UK & Founding Director TeeGene Biotech Ltd. Wilton Centre, Wilton UK rahman@teegene.co.uk

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