Page 1. Name: 1) Which letter indicates a cell structure that directly controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell?

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1 Name: 1) Which letter indicates a cell structure that directly controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell? A) A B) B C) C D) D 2) A single-celled organism is represented in the diagram below. An activity is indicated by the arrow. If this activity requires the use of energy, which substance would be the source of this energy? A) ATP B) an antibody C) DNA D) a hormone 3) In the diagram below, the dark dots indicate small molecules. These molecules are moving out of the cells, as indicated by the arrows. The number of dots inside and outside of the two cells represents the relative concentrations of the molecules inside and outside of the cells. 4) There is a higher concentration of mineral salts within the body of a paramecium than in its external water environment. This higher concentration is maintained as a result of the action of A) CO 2 D) ATP 5) Carbohydrate molecules A and B come in contact with the cell membrane of the same cell. Molecule A passes through the membrane readily, but molecule B does not. It is most likely that molecule A is A) an amino acid, and B is a monosaccharide B) a monosaccharide, and B is a polysaccharide C) a polysaccharide, and B is a monosaccharide D) a protein, and B is a lipid 6) The net movement of molecules into cells is most dependent upon the A) number of nucleoli B) selectivity of the cell wall C) selectivity of the plasma membrane D) number of chromosomes 7) A biologist diluted a blood sample with distilled water. While observing the sample under a microscope, she noted that the red blood cells burst. This bursting is most likely the result of which process? A) staining D) ingestion 8) The process of osmosis would explain the net movement of water into a cell if the percentage of A) water and protein was equal inside and outside the cell B) water was 90% inside the cell and 95% outside the cell C) water was 95% inside the cell and 90% outside the cell D) protein was 30% inside the cell and 35% outside the cell 9) Which inorganic substance found in living matter aids in the diffusion of gases through a cell membrane? A) iron B) phosphorus C) water D) salt Page 1 ATP is being used to move the molecules out of the cell by A) both cell A and cell B B) cell A, only C) neither cell A nor cell B D) cell B, only

2 10) A student was given a beaker containing distilled water and a separate smaller beaker containing a solution of methylene blue. The student was directed to carefully lower the smaller beaker into the larger beaker. He observed that the methylene blue began to disperse into the distilled water, as shown in the diagram below. Which process was most likely responsible for the observed changes? A) diffusion B) active transport 11) Many end-products of digestion leave the digestive system and enter the circulatory system by the process of A) locomotion C) diffusion 12) Which process would include a net movement of sugar molecules through a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration? A) passive transport 13) Which process requires the expenditure of cellular energy? A) passive transport B) diffusion Questions 14 and 15 refer to the following: A student observed a green plant cell under the low-power objective of her microscope and noted the movement of organelles as shown in diagram A. She then added three drops of a 10% salt solution to the slide, waited a few minutes, and observed the cell as shown in diagram B. 14) The movement of these organelles as shown in diagram A is known as A) transpiration B) ingestion C) cyclosis D) pinocytosis 15) The appearance of the clumped material in diagram B is due to A) addition of water into the cell B) loss of water from the cell C) addition of salt into the cell D) loss of salt from the cell 16) Red blood cells contain a higher concentration of potassium than the surrounding blood plasma does. This higher concentration is maintained by the process of A) simple diffusion C) cyclosis D) active transport 17) Movement of organelles within the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells is due most directly to A) photosynthesis B) hydrolysis C) osmosis D) cyclosis 18) The diagram below shows the method of entry of a molecule too large to diffuse through the plasma membrane of a cell. The process represented in the diagram above is known as A) cyclosis D) homeostasis 19) Molecules that are too large to pass through the pores of a cell membrane may enter the cell by a process known as A) pinocytosis B) synthesis C) hydrolysis D) cyclosis 20) The process by which large undissolved particles are brought into a cell by being engulfed is known as A) cyclosis C) phagocytosis D) hydrolysis Page 2 21) The following list describes some of the events associated with normal cell division. (A) Nuclear membrane formation around each set of newly formed chromosomes (B) Separation of centromeres (C) Replication of each chromosome (D) Movement of single-stranded chromosomes to opposite ends of the spindle What is the normal sequence in which these events occur? A) A B C D C) D C A B B) C B D A D) C D B A

3 22) Normally, a complete set of chromosomes (2n) is passed on to each daughter cell as a result of A) reduction division B) mitotic cell division C) nondisjunction D) meiotic cell division 23) Which diagram most correctly represents the process of mitosis? A) B) 24) The diagrams below represent two different cells undergoing mitotic cell division. Which statement about these divisions is true? A) Division A could occur in a grasshopper and division B could occur in a maple tree. B) Division A could occur in a bean plant and division B could occur in a maple tree. C) Both divisions could occur in a human. D) Division A could occur in a grasshopper and division B could occur in a hydra. 25) Which event occurs in the cytoplasmic division of plant cells but not in the cytoplasmic division of animal cells? A) centriole formation B) cell plate formation C) chromosome replication D) centromere replication C) D) 26) Which statement best describes a difference between cell division in plant and animal cells? A) In animal cells, replication of chromosomes occurs during the nondividing phase, while in plant cells replication occurs when the nuclear membrane disintegrates. B) In animal cells, cytoplasmic division is accomplished by a "pinching in" of the cell membrane, while in plant cells a cell plate is synthesized. C) In plant cells, centrosomes have a distinct role in spindle formation, while in animal cells centrosomes do not function during cell division. D) In plant cells, cytoplasmic division is accomplished by a "pinching in" of the cell membrane, while in animal cells a cell plate is synthesized. 27) In humans, which cell is produced most directly by mitotic cell division? A) a sperm cell B) a skin cell C) a zygote D) an egg cell 28) Normal mitotic cell division results in each daughter cell having A) twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell B) the same number but different kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell C) half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell D) the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell 29) When a cell with 24 chromosomes divides by mitotic cell division, the resulting daughter cells will each have a maximum chromosome number of A) 6 B) 48 C) 24 D) Page 3 30) Each of two daughter cells that result from the normal mitotic division of the original parent cell contains A) the same number of chromosomes and has genes identical to those of the parent cell B) one-half of the number of chromosomes and has genes identical to those of the parent cell C) the same number of chromosomes, but has genes different from those of the parent cell D) one-half of the number of chromosomes, but has genes different from those of the parent cell 31) What is the result of normal chromosome replication? A) The exact number of centrioles is provided for spindle fiber attachment. B) Each daughter cell is provided with twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell. C) Two identical sets of chromosomes are produced. D) Lost or wornout chromosomes are replaced.

4 32) The chromosome number of a cell produced by mitotic cell division is represented by 2n. If that cell had been produced by meiotic cell division, its chromosome number would be represented by A) 4n B) n C) 2n D) \n 33) Structures that hold chromatids together in double-stranded chromosomes are known as A) spindle fibers B) polar bodies C) centromeres D) centrioles 34) The diagram below represents a chromosome. Letters A and B indicate structures known as the A) spindle and cell plate B) chromatid and centromere C) stamen and pistil D) centriole and centrosome Questions 35 and 36 refer to the following: The diagram below represents a microscopic structure observed during the process of cell division. Questions 38 through 40 refer to the following: CLONING Today some plants are cloned to produce millions of offspring from a small piece of the original plant. Plant cloning is possible because the plant's diploid cells have the same genetic potential as the zygote that originally produced the plant and because of the action of the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin. These hormones are combined with other organic and inorganic substances in a growth medium that stimulates the production of new plants. The cloning process occurs in a sterile environment. The new plants produced are genetically identical to the original plant and to each other. The process and equipment for cloning are more expensive than for other forms of vegetative propagation. The advantage of cloning is that large numbers of desirable plants are produced in a short period of time. For example, a million plants of a new variety can be cloned in about six months. 38) For which reason is cloning used to reproduce plants? A) Plants are produced by the sexual process, resulting in seeds. B) Plants are produced more cheaply than by other vegetative methods. C) Plants with a large degree of genetic variability are produced. D) A large number of plants are produced in a short period of time. 39) If the diploid chromosome number of a cloned plant is 12, the chromosome number of the plant cell used to produce the cloned plant is A) 24 B) 12 40) Cloning is defined as C) 6 D) Page 4 A) a form of sexual reproduction B) a form of vegetative propagation C) an inorganic component of the growing medium D) an inorganic hormone 35) Letter A indicates a A) nucleolus C) centriole B) centromere D) ribosome 36) Letter B indicates a A) chromatid C) centrosome B) cell plate D) spindle fiber 37) Each strand of a double-stranded chromosome is known as A) tetrad B) chromatid C) homologue D) centromere

5 41) The diagram below represents a portion of a doublestranded DNA molecule Page 5 43) The diagrams below represent various processes associated with reproduction. Which process takes place before mitosis occurs in a cell containing this DNA? A) Hydrogen bonds at 6 break and one double-stranded DNA molecule results. B) Covalent bonds at 4 break and two double-stranded DNA molecules are synthesized. C) Hydrogen bonds at 5 break and two double-stranded DNA molecules are synthesized. D) Covalent bonds at 2 and 6 break and one doublestranded DNA molecule results. 42) Which factor would tend to restrict genetic variations within a species? A) sexual methods of reproduction B) asexual methods of reproduction C) recombination of genes D) gene mutations Asexual reproduction is represented by A) A, only B) B and D C) A and C D) B, only 44) The members of a certain species of grass in a lawn are genetically identical. The best explanation for this observation is that the species most probably reproduces A) by an asexual method B) by identical sperm fertilizing the eggs C) after pollination by the wind D) after pollination by a particular species of bee 45) Some bacteria produce an enzyme called penicillinase, which prevents their destruction by penicillin. Since these same organisms reproduce asexually, they normally produce offspring that A) have variable numbers of chromosomes B) are resistant to penicillin C) have an abnormally high rate of mutation D) can be killed by penicillin

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