Antigenic Relationships among Autonomous Parvoviruses
|
|
- Irma Chandler
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 J. gen. Virol. (1986), 67, Printed in Great Britain 2839 Key words: antigenic relationships/autonomous parvoviruses Antigenic Relationships among Autonomous Parvoviruses ByW. L. MENGELING, l* P. S. PAUL, 2 T. O. BUNN 3 AND J. F. RIDPATH 1 1USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010, 2Iowa State University, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Ames, Iowa and 3 USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, P.O. Box 844, Ames, Iowa 50010, U.S.A. (Accepted 7 August 1986) SUMMARY The antigenic relatedness of minute virus of mice (MVM), Kilham rat virus (KR), H- 1 virus (H- 1), haemorrhagic encephalopathy of rats virus (HER), porcine parvovirus (PPV), canine parvovirus (CPV), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), goose parvovirus (GPV) and bovine parvovirus (BPV) was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy (FA) and by serum neutralization (SN). An antigenically related group comprising MVM, KR, HER, PPV, CPV and FPV was recognized by FA and most reactions within the group were reciprocal. Antigenic relatedness was less evident when the same viruses and antisera were tested by SN. Only CPV and FPV were closely and reciprocally related. Other cross-reactions by SN were quantitatively minor and included neutralization of CPV and FPV by pig anti-ppv serum and neutralization of H-1 and HER by rat anti-kr serum. Neither FA nor SN revealed any antigenic relationship of BPV and GPV either with each other or with any of the other viruses tested. Although most of the autonomous parvoviruses have a single natural host species, several have been shown to be antigenically related. For a few, namely, canine parvovirus (CPV), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and mink enteritis virus (MEV), the relationship is extensive and has been demonstrated by a variety of serological tests, including those with a high degree of stringency (Parrish & Carmichael, 1983). For others, however, relationships are more limited, at least with regard to the types of serological tests by which they can be clearly demonstrated. For example, cross-reactivity between CPV and porcine parvovirus (PPV) and their respective antisera is evident by immunofluorescence microscopy (FA) but it is weak and variable by serum neutralization (SN) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) (Mengeling et al., 1983). Similarly, minute virus of mice (MVM) and two rat parvoviruses, namely Kilham rat virus (KR) and H-I virus (H-I), appear unrelated by SN, HI and complement fixation tests, but a one-way cross between antisera for the rat viruses and antigens of MVM has been demonstrated by indirect FA (Cross & Parker, 1972). The involvement of non-structural proteins in such reactions is suggested by the finding that non-structural proteins of MVM are precipitated by antisera for several autonomous parvoviruses, whereas structural proteins are precipitated only by anti-mvm serum (Cotmore et al., 1983). The more recent of the findings described above (Cotmore et al., 1983; Mengeling et al., 1983) have raised a question as to whether antigenic relationships among the autonomous parvoviruses are more common than suggested by earlier reports (Siegl, 1976). In this study, antisera prepared in the natural host of each of a selected group of autonomous parvoviruses were tested qualitatively and quantitatively by FA and SN for both homologous and heterotogous reactivity. For two of the selected viruses (PPV, CPV) the reactivity of antisera prepared in their natural hosts was compared to that of antisera prepared in mice by immunization with purified virus SGM
2 2840 Short communication Viruses and their sources were as follows: CPV and FPV were from stocks maintained at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A. ; MVM, KR, H-I, haemorrhagic encephalopathy of rats virus (HER) and goose parvovirus (GPV) were from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md., U.S.A.; PPV and bovine parvovirus (BPV) were from stocks maintained at this Center. Viruses were propagated in cell types selected for their known susceptibility, namely, foetal rat fibroblasts for MVM, KR, H-1 and HER, Crandall feline kidney cells for CPV and FPV, goose fibroblasts for GPV, foetal porcine kidney cells for PPV, and foetal bovine spleen cells for BPV. Antisera for MVM, KR, PPV, CPV, FPV, GPV and BPV were prepared in the natural host of the respective virus. With one exception, all animals were either gnotobiotic (pig, calf) or from a known or reportedly parvovirus-free colony (mouse, rat, dog, cat, goose). The exception was that an additional antiserum for BPV was prepared in a calf from a conventionally maintained herd. Pre-exposure serum samples were collected just before one (mouse, rat) dose, or the first of two (pig, dog, cat, calves) or three (goose) doses, of at least 104 median cell culture infective doses (CCIDso) of virus were administered oronasally (pig, dog), oronasally and intraperitoneally (mouse, rat, cat), intravenously (goose), or oronasally, intravenously and subcutaneously (calves). Multiple exposures were mostly at 2-week intervals. In general, the immunization schedules were based on previous experience in producing high titred antisera for each of the viruses. Each of the antisera was prepared at a different time and all animals were kept in isolation during immunization. Antisera were collected 1 to 4 weeks after the last (or only) administration of virus. Additional antisera for PPV and CPV were prepared in mice. About 1010 CCIDso of concentrated and purified virus (Hallauer & Kronauer, 1965; Tattersall et al., 1976) were administered intraperitoneally and again, 18 days later, intravenously. Sera were collected just before the first exposure to virus and 3 days after the last exposure to virus. To determine antiviral FA activity, sera were reacted with acetone-fixed, virus-infected cell cultures that had been prepared on 10 x 35 mm coverslips in Leighton tubes. All sera were screened at a 1 : 5 dilution and all positive sera were subsequently titrated in twofold increments starting with an initial 1 : 5 dilution. Goose sera were tested by direct FA by labelling them with fluorescein isothiocyanate. All other sera were tested by indirect FA with appropriate fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled antispecies immunoglobulin sera (Cappel Laboratories, West Chester, Pa., U.S.A.). The FA titre was recorded as the reciprocal of the maximum dilution of serum that resulted in unequivocal specific antiviral fluorescence. To determine neutralization titres, sera were diluted in twofold increments starting with an initial 1 : 10 dilution. Each dilution was mixed with an equal volume of virus containing about 500 CCIDs0/0.1 ml and the mixture was incubated at 37 C for 2 h. After incubation, 0-2 ml of the virus-serum mixture was added to the nutrient medium of each of two freshly seeded cell cultures on mm coverslips in Leighton tubes. Controls included two replicate cultures to which an equal amount of virus without serum was added and two replicate cultures to which neither virus nor serum was added. All cultures were subsequently incubated at 37 C. Between 72 and 96 h later, when the uninfected control cultures had reached confluence, all cultures were fixed for subsequent examination by either direct or indirect FA. The SN titre was recorded as the reciprocal of the maximum dilution of serum that reduced the number of infected cells by more than 99 ~o when compared to infected controls. Many of the autonomous parvoviruses studied were found to have one or more common antigens that were evident by FA. The related group included MVM, KR, H-l, HER, PPV, CPV and FPV (Table 1, Fig. 1). Antisera produced in the natural hosts for KR, PPV, CPV and FPV reacted with int.racellular antigen(s) of all members of the related group, whereas mouse anti-mvm serum reacted only with MVM and the other rodent parvoviruses, namely, KR, H-1 and HER. In general, higher FA titres were associated with homologous reactions. There was no evidence that GPV or BPV were antigenically related either to each other or to any of the other viruses tested. The FA and SN titres of the anti-bpv serum produced in the calf from a conventionally maintained herd (Tables 1 and 2) were about twofold higher than those of anti- BPV serum produced in a gnotobiotic calf (data not shown) but the results were otherwise similar. In contrast to the extensive cross-reactivity of pig anti-ppv serum and dog anti-cpv
3 Short communication 2841 Fig. 1. Reactivity of selected antiviral sera and autonomous parvoviruses by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell cultures were infected with PPV (a to c) or MVM (d to f). Infected cultures were then tested against pig anti-ppv serum (a, d), mouse anti-ppv serum (b, e) or mouse anti-mvm serum (c, f). All antiviral sera were run at a 1:5 dilution. serum, mouse anti-ppv and mouse anti-cpv sera reacted with only PPV, and CPV and FPV, respectively. Antigenic relatedness was less evident when the same antisera and viruses were tested by SN (Table 2). Only CPV and FPV were closely related. Additional cross-reactions were confined to neutralization of CPV and F P V by pig anti-ppv serum and neutralization of H-I and H E R by rat a n t i - K R serum. None of the pre-exposure sera was reactive by either F A or SN with any of the viruses included in the study. Results of this study clearly establish the existence of common antigens among m a n y of the autonomous parvoviruses. Although our observations may appear contrary to those of several previous reports (Siegl, 1976), it is important to note that most of the earlier work focused on species differentiation and involved relatively stringent serological tests such as SN and HI.
4 2842 Short communication Table 1. Antigenic relatedness of selected autonomous parvoviruses tested by FA* t" ~k Antiserum MVM KR H-1 HER PPV CPV FPV BPV GPV Mouse anti-mvm < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 Rat anti-kr <5 <5 Pig anti-ppv < 5 < 5 Mouse anti-ppv < 5 < 5 < 5 < < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 Dog anti-cpv <5 <5 Mouse anti-cpv <5 <5 <5 <5 < <5 <5 Cat anti-fpv <5 <5 Calf anti-bpv <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 160 <5 Goose anti-gpv <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 640 * Titres are expressed as the reciprocal of the maximum dilution of serum that resulted in unequivocal, specific antiviral fluorescence; < 5, no reaction at lowest dilution of serum tested. All of the pre-exposure sera were < 5 for all of the autonomous parvoviruses included in the study. Virus Table 2. Antigenic relatedness of selected autonomous parvoviruses tested by SN* Virus A Antiserum MVM KR H-1 HER PPV CPV FPV BPV GPV Mouse anti-mvm 1280 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Rat anti-kr < < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Pig anti-ppv < 10 < 10 < 10 < < 10 < 10 Mouse anti-ppv < 10 < 10 < 10 < < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Dog anti-cpv < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < < 10 < 10 Mouse anti-cpv < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < < 10 < 10 Cat anti-fpv <10 <10 <10 <10 < <10 <10 Calf anti-bpv <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 40 <10 Goose anti-gpv < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < * Titres are expressed as the reciprocal of the maximum serum dilution that reduced infectivity by more than 99~ when compared to infected controls; < 10, infectivity not reduced more than 99~ with the lowest dilution of serum tested. All of the pre-exposure sera were < 10 for all of the autonomous parvoviruses included in the study. Both of these tests recognize epitopes associated with the final configuration of viral proteins presented on the surface of the virion. Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been recognized for several of the autonomous parvoviruses and are probably a common feature of the genus (Bloom et al., 1982; Cotmore et al., 1983; Lederman et al., 1984; Mitra et al., 1983; Matsunaga & Matsuno, 1983; Molitor et al., 1985; Paradiso, 1984; Pintel et al., 1983). It is possible that for at least some of the autonomous parvoviruses, common antigens are associated mainly with non-structural proteins. The most supportive evidence is the study of Cotmore et al. (1983) in which non-structural proteins of MVM were precipitated by anti-mvm serum and antisera for several other autonomous parvoviruses, whereas structural proteins of the virus were precipitated only by anti-mvm serum. An association of common antigens with non-structural proteins may also explain why antisera for PPV and CPV raised in their natural hosts were broadly cross-reactive by indirect FA whereas those raised in mice to purified virions had little or no cross-reactivity when tested similarly (Table 1). We assume that mice do not support replication of either PPV or CPV and that their immune system was therefore exposed only to structural proteins of the virion. Exposure may even be limited to epitopes on the surface of the virion since in an earlier study it was found that all of 90 monoclonal antibodies produced to purified PPV had some degree of neutralizing activity (Mengeling et al., 1984). Conversely, replication of virus in its natural host
5 Short communication 2843 should provide exposure to the full complement of viral antigens as well as a longer and perhaps enhanced response to relatively minor epitopes. An augmented range and magnitude of immune responses in the natural host could also explain why mouse (Table 1), but not rat (Cross & Parker, 1972) anti-mvm serum reacted with rat parvoviruses KR and H-1. Based on the above observations, it is tempting to speculate that with the exception of CPV, FPV and MEV, common antigens are limited mainly to non-structural proteins. However, we cannot as yet exclude the existence of epitopes associated with the structural protein pool in an infected cell that are either lost or no longer accessible in the final configuration of the virion or are simply not functional in serological tests such as SN. Moreover, our earlier finding with CPV and PPV (Mengeling et al., 1983) and the present findings (Table 2) indicate that there are weak but definite antigenic relationships among some other autonomous parvoviruses that can be demonstrated by SN under appropriate conditions. In such cases, responsible epitopes may be only a minor component of the virion or only marginally related. From reciprocal testing, it appears that BPV and GPV are antigenically distinct from each other and from all of the other autonomous parvoviruses of lower animals included in our study. However, a suggestion that they may be members of a second antigenically related group, which may also include a human parvovirus, has been provided by the results of a separate study in which some human sera were found to have antibody for both BPV and GPV (Mengeling & Paul, 1986). The combined presence or absence of antibody to BPV and GPV in individual human sera suggested that such antibody had been raised to a single agent. The collective results of this and earlier studies emphasize the complex nature of the antigenic relationships among the autonomous parvoviruses. In at least some cases, it appears that the relationship is due to multiple epitopes which may be shared to a variable extent among different members of a related group. We are currently attempting to produce monoclonal antibodies as probes to characterize such epitopes further. The authors acknowledge Ms Ann Vorwald for technical assistance. REFERENCES BLOOM, M. E., RACE, R. E. & WOLFINBARGER, J. B. (1982). Identification of a nonvirion protein of Aleutian disease virus: mink with Aleutian disease have antibody to both virion and nonvirion proteins. Journalof Virology 43, 6084i16. COTMORE, S. F., STURZENBECKER, L. J. & TATTERSALL, P. (1983). The autonomous parvovirus MVM encodes two nonstructural proteins in addition to its capsid polypeptides. Virology 129, CROSS, S. S. & PARKER, J. C. (1972). Some antigenic relationships of murine parvoviruses: minute virus of mice, rat virus, and H-1 virus. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 139, HALLAUER, C. & KRONAUER, G. (1965). Extraction of cell-associated virus without damage of the culture. ArchivJ~r die gesamte Virusforschung 15, LEDERMAN, M., PATTON, J. Y., STOUT, E. R. & BATES, R. C. (1984). Virally coded noncapsid protein associated with bovine parvovirus infection. Journal of Virology 49, tca~tsunaga, Y. & MATSUNO, S. (1983). Structural and nonstructurai proteins of a rabbit parvovirus. Journal of Virology 45, MENGELING, W. L. & PAUL, P. S. (1986). Antibodies for autonomous parvoviruses of lower animals detected in human serum. Archives of Virology 88, MENGELING, W. L., BUNN, T. O. & PAUL, P. S. (1983). Antigenic relationship between porcine and canine parvoviruses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 44, MENGELING, W. L., WHITEFORD, R. A., VAN DEUSEN, R. A., KRAMER, T. T. & PAUL, P. S. (1984). Potential of monoclonal antibodies for systemic immunoprophylaxis in the pig. Proceedings of the International Pig Veterinary Society, 8th LP.V.S. Congress, p. 15. MITRA, R., WALl, T., VALDEZ, V., FABISCH, P. & SALZMAN, L. A. (1983). Transcription and translation in the autonomous parvovirus KRV. Virology 125, MOLITOR, T. W., JOO, H. S. & COLLETT, M. C. (1985). Identification and characterization of a porcine parvovirus nonstructural polypeptide. Journal of Virology 55, PMtADISO, P. R. (1984). Identification of multiple forms of the noncapsid parvovirus protein NCVP 1 in H-1 parvovirus-infected cells. Journal of Virology 52, PARRISH, C. R. & CAXMICHAEL, L. E. (1983). Antigenic structure and variation of canine parvovirus type-2, feline panleukopenia virus, and mink enteritis virus. Virology 129,
6 2844 Short communication P1NTEL, D., DADACHAN/, D., ASTELL, C. R. & WARD, D. C. ( 983). The genome of minute virus of mice, an autonomous parvovirus, encodes two overlapping transcription units. Nucleic Acids Research 11, SIEGL, G. (1976). The parvoviruses. Virology Monographs, vot. 15. Wien & New York: Springer-Verlag. TATTEgSALL, P., CAWTE, P. J., S~L~TKIN, A. J. R WARD, D. C. (1976). Three structural polypeptides coded for by minute virus of mice, a parvovirus. Journal of Virology 20, (Received 10 April 1986)
G. F. Rimmelzwaan, 1. J. Carlson, 2 F. G. C. M. UytdeHaag I and A. D. M. E. Osterhaus I
Journal of General Virology (990), 7, 274-2745. Printed in Great Britain 274 A synthetic peptide derived from the amino acid sequence of canine parvovirus structural proteins which defines a B cell epitope
More informationRAPID COMMUNICATION. The Canine Minute Virus (Minute Virus of Canines) Is a Distinct Parvovirus That Is Most Similar to Bovine Parvovirus
Virology 302, 219 223 (2002) doi:10.1006/viro.2002.1674 The Canine Minute Virus (Minute Virus of Canines) Is a Distinct Parvovirus That Is Most Similar to Bovine Parvovirus Daniel Schwartz, 1 Bryan Green,
More informationGrouping of Feline Calicivirus Field Isolates Using Monoclonal Antibodies
SHORT REPORT Grouping of Feline Calicivirus Field Isolates Using Monoclonal Antibodies Tomoko TAJIMA, Erika NAKATA, Yukinobu TOHYAI1), Kazuyo YURI2), Hiromi KATAE2), and Takeshi MIKAMI3) Department of
More informationNeutralizing epitopes of the serotypes of bluetongue virus present in the United States
Journal of General Virology" (1992), 73, 1947-1952. Printed in Great Britain 1947 Neutralizing epitopes of the serotypes of bluetongue virus present in the United States Paul V. Rossitto and N. James MacLachlan*
More informationReflection paper on the use of heat treatment to inactivate endogenous retroviruses in live immunological veterinary medicinal products
10 September 2015 EMA/CVMP/IWP/37924/2014 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) Reflection paper on the use of heat treatment to inactivate endogenous retroviruses in live immunological
More information(Accepted 20 April 1989)
J. gen. Virol. (1989), 7, 2185-219. Printed in Great Britain 2185 Key words: RSV/vaccinia virus/antibody-mediated immune suppression Immunosuppression of the Antibody Response to Respiratory Syncytial
More informationFoot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Selection by
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Jan. 1972, p. 65-69 Copyright 1972 American Society for Microbiology Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Selection by Homogenized Calf Kidney Adsorption and Cell Culture Passage Vol.
More informationAASV Foundation Research Report Interim Report
AASV Foundation Research Report Interim Report Title: Comparison of PRRSV virus isolation in different cell lines towards improving success of isolating PRRSV from clinical samples Authors/investigators:
More informationThe Immunological Relationship between Canine Herpesvirus and Four Other Herpesviruses
J. gen. Virol. (1988), 69, 1601-1608. Printed in Great Britain 1601 Key words: CHV/herpesviruses/cross-reactivity The Immunological Relationship between Canine Herpesvirus and Four Other Herpesviruses
More informationChapter 17: Immunization & Immune Testing. 1. Immunization 2. Diagnostic Immunology
Chapter 17: Immunization & Immune Testing 1. Immunization 2. Diagnostic Immunology 1. Immunization Chapter Reading pp. 505-511 What is Immunization? A method of inducing artificial immunity by exposing
More information1. Immunization. What is Immunization? 12/9/2016. Chapter 17: Immunization & Immune Testing. 1. Immunization 2. Diagnostic Immunology
Chapter 17: Immunization & Immune Testing 1. Immunization 2. Diagnostic Immunology 1. Immunization Chapter Reading pp. 505-511 What is Immunization? A method of inducing artificial immunity by exposing
More informationImmunohistochemistry guide
Immunohistochemistry guide overview immunohistochemistry Overview Immunohistochemistry is a laboratory technique utilized for the visual detection of antigens in tissue. When working with cells this technique
More informationOne-Step Immunochromatography Assay Kit for Detecting Antibodies to Canine Parvovirus
CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY, Apr. 2006, p. 520 524 Vol. 13, No. 4 1556-6811/06/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/cvi.13.4.520 524.2006 Copyright 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. One-Step
More informationRabies Potency Testing
www.pei.de Rabies Potency Testing Regulatory Perspectives and Experiences in the Establishment of a Serological Assay Dr Constanze Goepfert Section Viral Vaccines Laboratory Head Das Paul-Ehrlich-Institut
More informationAntigenic Properties of Virion Polypeptides
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Feb. 1983, p. 842-854 0022-538X/83/020842-13$02.00/0 Copyright C) 1983, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 45, No. 2 Porcine Parvovirus: Virus Purification and Structural and Antigenic
More informationEvidence of residual neutralisation after removal of five neutralising antigenic sites in serotype O FMDV
Evidence of residual neutralisation after removal of five neutralising antigenic sites in serotype O FMDV By Amin Asfor, S. Upadhyaya, D. Paton, D. King, N. Knowles and M. Mahapatra Transmission Biology
More informationOIE Guideline. International Reference Antibody Standards for Antibody Assays. 1. Introduction
OIE Guideline International Reference Antibody Standards for Antibody Assays 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose This document provides guidelines for the preparation, validation and distribution of antibodies
More informationCOMMITTEE FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR VETERINARY USE (CVMP) REVISED GUIDELINE ON
European Medicines Agency Veterinary Medicines and Inspections London, 9 November 2005 Doc. Ref. COMMITTEE FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR VETERINARY USE (CVMP) REVISED GUIDELINE ON REQUIREMENTS AND CONTROLS
More informationAntibody-dependent Enhancement of Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus Infectivity
J. gen. Virol. (1985), 66, 1831-1837. Printed in Great Britain 1831 Key words: antibody-mediated enhancement/tbev/flavivirus Antibody-dependent Enhancement of Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus Infectivity
More informationEnzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Coronaviruses HCV 229E and MHV 3
J. gen. ViroL (I98o), 49, 83-89 Printed in Great Britain 83 Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Coronaviruses HCV 229E and MHV 3 By CORNELIS A. KRAAIJEVELD, M. HILARY MADGE AND MALCOLM R. MACNAUGHTON
More informationELISA- a simple test for detecting and differentiating antibodies to closely related orthopoxviruses
B o W a an 3 (1981)i Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 59 (3): 365-369 (1981) ELISA- a simple test for detecting and differentiating antibodies to closely related orthopoxviruses S. S. MARENNIKOVA,1
More informationQImaging Camera Application Notes Multicolor Immunofluorescence Imaging
QImaging Camera Application Notes Multicolor Immunofluorescence Imaging In order to image localization of intracellular proteins with high specificity, it is frequently necessary to multiplex antibody
More informationTITRATION OF ANTISERA TO SOLUBLE PROTEINS ON THE BASIS OF AN AGGLUTINATION REACTION:
390 TITRATION OF ANTISERA TO SOLUBLE PROTEINS ON THE BASIS OF AN AGGLUTINATION REACTION: CONJUGATION OF EGG ALBUMIN AND CHICKEN SERUM GLOBULIN TO THE INCOMPLETE RH ANTIBODY AND THE SUBSEQUENT USE OF RH-POSITIVE
More informationVALIDATION OF FAO/IAEA/PANAFTOSA ELISA KIT FOR THE DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS IN VENEZUELA
VALIDATION OF FAO/IAEA/PANAFTOSA ELISA KIT FOR THE DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS IN VENEZUELA M. NOVELL, P. RAMOS, C.J. OCHOA, J. RODRIGUEZ DE D., J.M. OBREGON, R. RUÍZ Instituto
More informationA guide to selecting control, diluent and blocking reagents
Specializing in Secondary Antibodies and Conjugates A guide to selecting control, diluent and blocking reagents Optimize your experimental protocols with Jackson ImmunoResearch Secondary antibodies and
More informationA guide to selecting control, diluent and blocking reagents
Specializing in Secondary Antibodies and Conjugates A guide to selecting control, diluent and blocking reagents Optimize your experimental protocols with Jackson ImmunoResearch Secondary antibodies and
More informationAnnex 2 Recommendations for the production and control of poliomyelitis vaccine (inactivated) 1
World Health Organization WHO Technical Report Series, No. 910, 2002 Annex 2 Recommendations for the production and control of poliomyelitis vaccine (inactivated) 1 Recommendations published by WHO are
More informationTHE OCCURRENCE DURING ACUTE INFECTIONS OF A PROTEIN NOT NORMALLY PRESENT IN THE BLOOD
Published Online: 1 February, 1941 Supp Info: http://doi.org/10.1084/jem.73.2.191 Downloaded from jem.rupress.org on November 21, 2018 THE OCCURRENCE DURING ACUTE INFECTIONS OF A PROTEIN NOT NORMALLY PRESENT
More informationاالستاذ المساعد الدكتور خالد ياسين الزاملي \مناعة \المرحلة الثانية \ التحليالت المرضية \ المعهد التقني كوت
Types of Antigen Antibody Reactions Serological tests are widely used for detection of either serum antibodies or antigens for diagnosis of a wide variety of infectious diseases. These serological tests
More informationThe Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Alkaline DNase Activity Is Essential for Replication and Growth
J. gen. Virol. (1986), 67, 1173-1178. Printed in Great Britain 1173 Key words: HSV-2/DNase activity/dna synthesis~growth The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Alkaline DNase Activity Is Essential for Replication
More informationAttribution: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Attribution: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunology License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
More informationCHAPTER 24. Immunology
CHAPTER 24 Diagnostic i Microbiology and Immunology Growth-Dependent Diagnostic Methods Isolation of Pathogens from Clinical Specimens Proper sampling and culture of a suspected pathogen is the most reliable
More informationSUMMARY OF MICROBIOLOGY QC REQUIREMENTS Note: all procedures listed are eligible for the IQCP option described in S&C CLIA (effective 1/4/2016)
BACTERIOLOGY Media; Commercially Prepared Check each batch/lot/shipment for: Sterility; Ability to support growth; As appropriate, selectivity/inhibition or biochemical response; and Document deteriorated
More informationMonoclonal antibodies specific for the G1 glycoprotein of La Crosse virus that react with other California serogroup viruses
Journal of General Virology (1990), 71, 523-530. Printed in Great Britain 523 Monoclonal antibodies specific for the G1 glycoprotein of La Crosse virus that react with other California serogroup viruses
More informationSYNTHESIS OF SV40 TUMOR ANTIGEN DURING REPLICATION. complement-fixing antigen in the transformed cells.1 Antibodies also develop for
1138 PATHOLOGY: RAPP ET AL. PROC. N. A. S. viral CF antigens are relatively stable at 560C/30 min and are completely sedimented with the virus particles, while the INCA and tumor antigens are completely
More information1 Name. 1. (3 pts) What is apoptosis and how does it differ from necrosis? Which is more likely to trigger inflammation?
1 Name MCB 150 Midterm Eam #1 (100 points total) Please write your full name on each page of the eam!! The eam consists of 17 questions (6 pages). Each has a different point count as indicated. Please
More informationAlternatives to In-Vivo Testing for Animal Biologics: North American Regulatory Perspective
Alternatives to In-Vivo Testing for Animal Biologics: North American Regulatory Perspective Geetha B. Srinivas, DVM, PhD Section Leader, Virology Center for Veterinary Biologics USDA/APHIS/VS IABS 2018,
More information7y-globulin) were obtained from Hyland Laboratories, Los Angeles, California. Prior to use, all sera NEUTRALIZATION OF AN INFECTIOUS HERPES SIMPLEX
NEUTRALIZATION OF AN INFECTIOUS HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS-ANTIBODY COMPLEX BY ANTI-7t-GLOBULIN BY WARREN K. ASHE AND ABNER Louis NOTKINS LABORATORY OF MICROBIOLOGY, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL RESEARCH, NATIONAL
More informationReplication of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Facilitated by Shope
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, July 1979, p. 213-219 0019-9567/79/07-0213/07 $02.00/0 Vol. 25, No. 1 Replication of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Facilitated by Shope Fibroma Virus In Vivo NORMAN A. CROUCHt* AND
More informationOIE Guideline. 1. Introduction
OIE Guideline INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE STANDARDS FOR ANTIGEN DETECTION ASSAYS 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose This document provides guidelines for the preparation, validation and distribution of antigens
More information(A) Antigen is in excess. (B) Antibody is in excess. (C) Antibody is added to the antigen. (D) Antigen and antibody are at optimal concentrations.
Amount of Antibody Precipitated Immunology - Problem Drill 21: Antigen-Antibody Interactions Question No. 1 of 10 1. When antigen and antibodies bind, maximal precipitation occurs when? Question #1 (A)
More informationSUMMARY PROTOCOL FOR PRODUCTION AND TESTING OF MUMPS VACCINE (LIVE)
WHO Technical Report Series, No. 840,1994 SUMMARY PROTOCOL FOR PRODUCTION AND TESTING OF MUMPS VACCINE (LIVE) The following protocol is intended for guidance, and indicates the information that should
More informationRelationship Between Virus Neutralization and Serum Protection Bioassays for IgG and IgM Antibodies to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
J. gen. ViroL (1979), 42, 457-466 Printed in Great Britain 457 Relationship Between Virus Neutralization and Serum Protection Bioassays for IgG and IgM Antibodies to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus By R.
More informationAntigen-Antibody reactions
Antigen-Antibody reactions Ag Ab reactions in vitro are known as Serological reactions. Help in :- 1. In the diagnosis of infections 2. Epidemiological surveys 3. Identification of infectious and noninfectious
More informationFORENSIC SEROLOGY. Chapter PRENTICE HALL 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Chapter 8 FORENSIC SEROLOGY 8-1 Nature of Blood The word blood refers to a highly complex mixture of cells, enzymes, proteins, and inorganic substances. Plasma, which is the fluid portion of blood, is
More informationIABS Non Animal testing Rabies focus Dr Cat Stirling
IABS Non Animal testing Rabies focus Dr Cat Stirling 1 IMI2: OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES IMI: 2008, IMI2: 2014 as Public-Private Partnership (PPP) between European Union and European Federation of Pharmaceutical
More informationExpression of Recombinant Parvovirus NS1 Protein by a Baculovirus and Application to Serologic Testing of Rodents
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 1996, p. 440 444 Vol. 34, No. 2 0095-1137/96/$04.00 0 Copyright 1996, American Society for Microbiology Expression of Recombinant Parvovirus NS1 Protein by a Baculovirus
More informationAntigen-Antibody. reactions (2) By: Masheal Aljumaah OCT 2018
Antigen-Antibody reactions (2) By: Masheal Aljumaah OCT 2018 Learning objectives: introduction to Antigen Antibody reactions. Antigen Antibody reactions part1: Precipitation, Flocculation and Immunodiffusion.
More informationMonoclonal Antibodies to the S1 Spike and Membrane Proteins of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus Strain Massachusetts M41
J. gen. Virol. (1984), 65, 2281-2286. Printed in Great Britain 2281 Key words: coronavirus/ibv/monoclonal antibodies Monoclonal Antibodies to the S1 Spike and Membrane Proteins of Avian Infectious Bronchitis
More informationImmunofluorescent detection of bovine papillomavirus E4 antigen in the cytoplasm of cells permissive in vitro for viral DNA amplification
Journal of General Virology (1991), 72, 2269-2274. Printed in Great Britain 2269 Immunofluorescent detection of bovine papillomavirus E4 antigen in the cytoplasm of cells permissive in vitro for viral
More informationICH CONSIDERATIONS Oncolytic Viruses
European Medicines Agency Pre-authorisation Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ICH CONSIDERATIONS Oncolytic Viruses 20 November 2008 EMEA/CHMP/GTWP/607698/2008
More informationFlow Cytometric Analysis of DNA Content of Mouse Liver Cells Following in vivo Infection by Human Adenovirus Type 5
J. gen. Virol. (1981), 57, 221-226. Printed in Great Britain 221 Key words: adenovirus 5/DNA content/flow cytomet~/cell cycle analysis Flow Cytometric Analysis of DNA Content of Mouse Liver Cells Following
More informationAntibodies to Animal Cells and Serum Proteins
ANTIBODIES TO ANIMAL CELLS AND SERUM PROTEINS Antibodies to Animal Cells and Serum Proteins Antibodies to Animal Cellular Antigens Antibodies to Mouse Brain Antibodies to Animal Serum Proteins INTERNATIONAL
More informationSensitive Radioimmune Assay for Measuring Aleutian Disease Virus Antigen and Antibody
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 1983, p. 637-644 0095-1137/83/090637-08$02.00/0 Copyright C 1983, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 18, No. 3 Sensitive Radioimmune Assay for Measuring Aleutian
More informationSerological Analysis of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Jan. 1982, p. 363-367 Vol. 35, No. 1 19-9567/82/1363-5$2./ Serological Analysis of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Monoclonal Antibodies LENORE PEREIRA,* DALE V. DONDERO,
More informationCONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 10461
AD Award Number: W81XWH-08-1-0011 TITLE: Defining B. Anthracis Protective Antigen Antigenic Domains PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Arturo Casadevall, M.D., Ph.D. CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Albert Einstein College
More informationPACUC Newsletter. PACUC Personnel Changes. Vol. 18, No. 1, March ~ ~ ~ ~ Brown Bag Seminars for Animal Users
PACUC Newsletter Purdue Animal Care and Use Committee http://www.purdue.edu/research/ora/animals/animals-main.shtml Purdue University Vol. 18, No. 1, March 2003 E PACUC Personnel Changes ffective January
More informationELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF POLYOMA VIRUS-TRANSFORMED MOUSE CELLS TREATED WITH SPECIFIC IMMUNE SERUM
J. Cell Sci. 7, 711-718(1970) 7II Printed in Great Britain ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF POLYOMA VIRUS-TRANSFORMED MOUSE CELLS TREATED WITH SPECIFIC IMMUNE SERUM G.NEGRONI AND RITA TILLY Department
More informationSusceptibility of Guinea Pig Cell Cultures to
INFEcriON AND IMMUNrrY, Sept. 1973, p. 482-487 Copyright 0 1973 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 8, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Susceptibility of Guinea Pig Cell Cultures to Infection with Cell-Bound
More informationDiagnostic Microbiology
Diagnostic Microbiology 320 MIC Lecture: 4 Identification of Microbes 3/8/2014 1 Agglutination and Precipitation Reactions Agglutination testing: Antibody cross links whole-cell antigens, forming complexes
More information* Serological Reaction-Continue *Pus Preparation
* Serological Reaction-Continue *Pus Preparation TOXIN-ANTYTOXIN REACTIONS Exotoxin An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria. An exotoxin can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting
More informationQUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTS WITH ANTIBODIES TO SPECIFIC PRECIPITATES. II*
Published Online: 1 February, 1941 Supp Info: http://doi.org/1.184/jem.73.2.293 Downloaded from jem.rupress.org on October 7, 218 QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTS WITH ANTIBODIES TO SPECIFIC PRECIPITATES. II*
More informationSupplementary Figure 1: Sequence alignment of partial stem region of flaviviruses
Supplementary Figure 1: Sequence alignment of partial stem region of flaviviruses E prtoeins. Polyprotein sequences of viruses were downloaded from GenBank and aligned by CLC Sequence Viewer software.
More informationNational Institute of Virology(NIV), Pune
National Institute of Virology(NIV), Pune Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Product/Process: Chimeric peptide vaccine candidate against Japanese Encephalitis virus. Application/Uses: Japanese encephalitis
More informationPassive Protection of Mice and Sheep Against Bluetongue
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Jan. 1983, p. 208-212 0019-9567/83/010208-05$02.00/0 Copyright 1983, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 39, No. 1 Passive Protection of Mice and Sheep Against Bluetongue Virus
More informationRecombinant, Insect Cell-Derived RSV Nanoparticle Vaccine
Recombinant, Insect Cell-Derived RSV Nanoparticle Vaccine Gregory Glenn Chief Medical Officer MVADS-Copenhagen 4 July 2012 1 Agenda for RSV Discussion Overview of Insect Cell Technology Respiratory Syncytial
More informationGeneration of mabs to FMDV/A and application in a celisa for the detection of FMDV/A antibodies
Generation of mabs to FMDV/A and application in a celisa for the detection of FMDV/A antibodies Dr. M. Yang National Center for Foreign Animal diseases /Canadian Food Inspection Agency Introduction Foot-and-mouth
More informationLab. 7: Serological Tests ELISA. 320 MIC Microbial Diagnosis 320 MBIO PRACTICAL. Amal Alghamdi 2018
Lab. 7: 320 MIC Microbial Diagnosis Serological Tests ELISA. 320 MBIO PRACTICAL Amal Alghamdi 2018 1 Infection and Immunity Serology is the study of immune bodies in human blood. These are products of
More informationCanine and Feline Parvoviruses Can Use Human or Feline Transferrin Receptors To Bind, Enter, and Infect Cells
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Apr. 2001, p. 3896 3902 Vol. 75, No. 8 0022-538X/01/$04.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.8.3896 3902.2001 Copyright 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Canine and
More informationPASSIVE PROTECTION BY HUMAN SERUM IN MICE INFECTED WITH ENCAPSULATED STAPHYLOCOCCUS A UREUS
PASSIVE PROTECTION BY HUMAN SERUM IN MICE INFECTED WITH ENCAPSULATED STAPHYLOCOCCUS A UREUS K. YOSHIDA, Y. ICHIMAN, S. NARIKAWA, M. TAKAHASHI, E. KONO* AND C. L. SAN CLEMENTE? Department of Microbiology
More informationBIOPHARMACEUTICAL PROCESS EVALUATED FOR VIRAL CLEARANCE
The purpose of Viral Clearance evaluation is to assess the capability of a manufacturing production process to inactivate and/or remove potential viral contaminants. Experience and knowledge in selecting
More informationLaboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections
In: A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology, Carter G.R., Wise D.J. and Flores E.F. (Eds.). International Veterinary Information Service, Ithaca NY (www.ivis.org), 3-Mar-2005; A3407.0305 Laboratory Diagnosis
More informationAccumulation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein D in Adhesion Areas of Infected Cells
J. gen. Virol. (1983), 64, 2499-2503 Printed in Great Britain 2499 Key words: HSV/gD/focal adhesion/vinculin Accumulation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein D in Adhesion Areas of Infected Cells
More informationGuideline on requirements for the production and control of immunological veterinary medicinal products
14 June 2012 EMA/CVMP/IWP/206555/2010 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) Guideline on requirements for the production and control of immunological veterinary Draft agreed by Immunologicals
More informationVALIDATION OF A FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE ANTIBODY ELISA IN FIVE LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES
VALIDATION OF A FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE ANTIBODY ELISA IN FIVE LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES M.S.SONDAHL, M.DA PENHA DIAS GOMES, M. AURNHEIMER MARTINS, J. WASHINGTON LOPEZ Pan American Foot and Mouth Disease
More informationProtection of Mice Against Dengue 2 Virus Encephalitis by Immunization with the Dengue 2 Virus Non-structural Glycoprotein NS1
J. gen. Viral. (1987), 68, 853-857. Printed in Great Britain Key words: dengue virus/non-structural protein/vaccine 853 Protection of Mice Against Dengue 2 Virus Encephalitis by Immunization with the Dengue
More informationAdenovirus Titration Kit
Adenovirus Titration Kit Catalog # LF-RK0001(1 kit) Immunostaining method for Quantitative Detection of Adenovirus For research use only Not for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures AbFrontier Science
More informationHead of College Scholars List Scheme. Summer Studentship. Report Form
Head of College Scholars List Scheme Summer Studentship Report Form This report should be completed by the student with his/her project supervisor. It should summarise the work undertaken during the project
More informationIMMUNOCHEMICALS & RELATED REAGENTS
IMMUNOCHEMICALS IMMUNOGLOBULINS SECONDARY ANTIBODIES DRUG OF ABUSE ANTIBODIES ORDER FORMS IMMUNOCHEMICALS IMMUNOCHEMICALS Section Contents BULK PRODUCTS FOR LARGE-SCALE USE....... 37-39 ANTIBODIES TO DRUGS
More informationImproved adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 1 and 5 vectors for gene therapy
Improved adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 1 and 5 vectors for gene therapy Dwaipayan Sen 1, Balaji Balakrishnan 1, Nishanth Gabriel 1, Prachi Agrawal 2, Vaani Roshini 1, Alok Srivastava 1,2, Giridhara
More informationT-cell response. Taken from NIAID: s.aspx
T-cell receptor T-cell response 1. Macrophage or dendritic cell digest antigen bacteria, virus 2. Fragments of Ag bind to major histo-compatiblity (MHC) proteins in macrophage. 3. MHC I-Ag fragment expressed
More informationICH Considerations. Oncolytic Viruses September 17, 2009
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN USE ICH Considerations Oncolytic Viruses September 17, 2009 1. Introduction Oncolytic viruses
More informationCappel Research Reagents. Accessory Reagents ACCESSORY REAGENTS. Avidin-Biotin Reagents
55875 55980 55982 55994 55983 55984 55985 55986 WHOLE BLOOD Sheep Whole Blood Alsevers contains equal volumes of whole blood and Alsevers solution. Bovine Chicken Deer Dog Goat Guinea Pig Hamster 20 ml
More informationLight and Electron Microscope Localization of Reovirus Antigen
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1971. p. 534-538 Copyright @ 1971 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 21, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Use of Horseradish Peroxidase-Labeled Antibody for Light and Electron Microscope
More informationSAMPLE LITERATURE Please refer to included weblink for correct version.
REVISED & UPDATED Edvo-Kit #269 Introduction to ELISA Reactions Experiment Objective: This experiment introduces concepts and methodologies of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). See page 3 for
More informationAN ELISA FOR THE DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN AFRICAN VILLAGE POULTRY
AN ELISA FOR THE DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN AFRICAN VILLAGE POULTRY J.G. BELL, M. LELENTA Animal Production Unit, Food and Agriculture International Atomic Energy Agency,
More informationHistorical Perspective on Regulation of Potency of USDA Regulated Vaccines
Historical Perspective on Regulation of Potency of USDA Regulated Vaccines Industry Perspective Hans Draayer EDGE Veterinary Vaccine Consulting Group, LLC April 21, 2015 Ames, IA SDSU Veterinary Diagnostic
More informationIdentification of Strains of Sf reptococcus pyogenes of Types 5, 11, 12, 27 and 44 by the Precipitin Test for the T Antigen
110 MCLEAN, S. J. (1953). J. gen. Mkro~l. 9, 110118. Identification of Strains of Sf reptococcus pyogenes of Types 5, 11, 12, 27 and 44 by the Precipitin Test for the T Antigen BY SIBELY J. McLEAN* Streptococcal
More informationPassive Immunization Trials to Inform Vaccine Design
Passive Immunization Trials to Inform Vaccine Design Points for Consideration from deliberations held at the August 8, 2014 workshop Contents I. Introduction... 2 II. Types of trials... 2 1. Therapeutic
More informationIdentification of L2 Open Reading Frame Gene Products of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Using Monoclonal Antibodies
J. gen. Virol. (1989), 70, 1133-1140. Printed in Great Britain 1133 Key words: BPV-l/fusion proteins/l20rf Identification of L2 Open Reading Frame Gene Products of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Using Monoclonal
More informationMonoclonal Antibodies against FMDV type Asia 1: preliminary characterization and potential use in diagnostic assays
Appendix 24 Monoclonal Antibodies against FMDV type Asia 1: preliminary characterization and potential use in diagnostic assays Grazioli S., Fallacara F. and Brocchi E. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale
More informationTHE TOXIC ANTIGENIC FACTORS PRODUCED BY CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM TYPES C AND D
Onderstepoort ]. vet. Res. 38 (2), 93-98 (1971) THE TOXIC ANTIGENIC FACTORS PRODUCED BY CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM TYPES C AND D B. C. JANSEN, Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort ABSTRACT JANSEN, B.
More informationAnnex 5 Recommendations for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and combined vaccines (Amendments 2003)
World Health Organization WHO Technical Report Series, No. 927, 2005 Annex 5 Recommendations for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and combined vaccines (Amendments 2003) Introduction These amendments should
More informationModule IB. Histochemistry. Martin Špaček, MD. (
Module IB Histochemistry Martin Špaček, MD (E-mail: m.spacek@centrum.cz) http://www.lf3.cuni.cz/histologie What is histochemistry? It is a histological technique used for studying chemistry of tissues
More informationIdentification of novel murine parvovirus strains by epidemiological analysis of naturally infected mice
Journal of General Virology (2006), 87, 1543 1556 DOI 10.1099/vir.0.81547-0 Identification of novel murine parvovirus strains by epidemiological analysis of naturally infected mice David G. Besselsen,
More informationCASE STUDY 4 Swine Erysipelas vaccine In vitro ELISA assay to replace in vivo immunization-challenge test. P-J Serreyn
CASE STUDY 4 Swine Erysipelas vaccine In vitro ELISA assay to replace in vivo immunization-challenge test P-J Serreyn Introduction History and background Situation & Methods in EU Companies Authorities
More informationThe Biotechnology Education Company. Quantitative ELISA. Storage: See Page 3 for specific storage instructions EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVE:
The Biotechnology Education Company Revised and Updated Quantitative ELISA Storage: See Page 3 for specific storage instructions EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVE: EDVO-Kit # 278 The objective of this experiment is
More informationAutomated Method for Determination of Infectious Dose (TCID 50 ) using Celigo Imaging Cytometer
Automated Method for Determination of Infectious Dose (TCID 50 ) using Celigo Imaging Cytometer Nexcelom Bioscience LLC. 360 Merrimack Street, Building 9 Lawrence, MA 01843 T: 978.327.5340 F: 978.327.5341
More informationBovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ELISA KIT
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ELISA KIT For serum or milk (Bovine) - Double well - BIO K 004/2 - BIO K 004/5 BVD--bovine virus diarrhoea--and mucosal disease (MD) are two different clinical disorders caused
More informationSerology as a Diagnostic Technique
Serology as a Diagnostic Technique Characteristics of Any Diagnostic Techniques Any useful detection strategy must be: Specific: yield a positive response for only the target organism or molecule. Sensitive:
More information