Biomedical Applications of Hydrogels Handbook

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1 Biomedical Applications of Hydrogels Handbook Ottenbrite, Raphael M. ISBN-13: Table of Contents Preface List of Contributors to Hydrogels Kinam Park Crosslinked Polymers Hydrogels Synthesis Expansion of a Hydrogels Structure Swelling Forces in Hydrogels Swelling Mechanism Water in Hydrogels Hydrogels Properties Hydrogels Characterization Hydrogels Applications Part I. Stimuli-Sensitive Hydrogels Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels and Their Application to Functional Materials Teruo Okano Stimuli-Responsive Gels as Functional Materials Function of Mechanical Motion Function of Information Transmission and Transformation Function of Mass Transport Cell-Sheet Engineering Using an Intelligent Surface Cell-Sheet Engineering Intelligent Surfaces Design of Network Structure for Functional Gels Topological Gels, Double Network Structure Gels, Nanocomposite Gels Graft Gels Microfabrication of Gels Self-Oscillating Gels as Novel Biomimetic Materials Design of Self-Oscillating Gels Self-Oscillating Behaviors of the Gels Self-Oscillating Behaviors of the Gels Control of Oscillation Period and Amplitude On-Off Regulation of Self-Beating Motion Peristaltic Motion of Gels with Propagation of Chemical Wave Design of Biomimetic Micro-/Nanoactuator Using Self-Oscillating Polymer and Gels Self-Walking Gels Microfabrication of the Gels by Lithography Control of Chemical Wave Propagation in Self-Oscillating Gels Array Self-Oscillating Polymer Chains as "Nanooscillator" Self-Flocculating/Dispersing Oscillation of Microgels Fabrication of Microgel Beads Monolayer Self-Oscillation Under Physiological Conditions Feedback Control Systems Using Environmentally and Enzymatically Sensitive Hydrogels Nicholas A. Peppas Hydrogels as Basic Functional Elements of a Control System Hydrogels in Sensors Optical Transduction Mechanical Transduction Electric Transduction Limitation of Enzyme Secondary Substrate Preservation of Enzyme Activity Hydrogels as Actuators Magnetically Controlled Systems

2 Ultrasonically Controlled Systems Electronically Controlled Systems Photo-Controlled Systems Thermally Controlled Systems Chemically Controlled Systems Protein-Responsive and Controlled Systems Self-Regulated Hydrogel-Based Systems ph Feedback Systems Temperature Feedback Systems Protein Concentration Feedback Systems Enzyme Cofactor Feedback System Glucose Concentration Feedback Systems Hydrogel-Based Feedforward and Cascade Systems Biomolecule-Responsive Hydrogels Takashi Miyata Glucose-Responsive Hydrogels Glucose-Responsive Hydrogels Using Glucose Oxidase Glucose-Responsive Hydrogels Using Phenylboronic Acid Glucose-Responsive Hydrogels Using Lectin Protein-Responsive Hydrogels Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogels Antigen-Responsive Hydrogels Other Biomolecule-Responsive Hydrogels Molecularly Imprinted Hydrogels Other Biomolecule-Responsive Hydrogels Stimuli-Responsive PEGylated Nanogels for Smart Nanomedicine Yukio Nagasaki Synthesis and Characterization of Stimuli-Responsive PEGylated Nanogels Tumor-Specific Smart 19F MRI Nanoprobes Based on ph-responsive PEGvlated Nanogels ph-responsive PEGylated Nanogels for Intracellular Drug Delivery Systems Smart Apoptosis Nanoprobe Based on the PEGylated Nanogels Containing GNPs for Monitoring the Cancer Response to Therapy Stimuli-Sensitive Microhydrogels Haruma Kawaguchi Stimuli-Sensitive Microgels Preparation of Microhydrogels Stimuli Responsivenes sof Microhydrogels Preparation of Inorganic Nanoparticles/Polymer Composite Microgels Polymer Composite Microgel Functions Metal Oxide Nanoparticles/Thermosensitive Polymer Composite Microgels Miscellaneous Nanoparticles/Thermosensitive Composite Microgels Part II. Hydrogels For Drug Delivery In-Situ Gelling Stimuli-Sensitive PEG-Based Amphiphilic Copolymer Hydrogels Chaoliang He Thermogelling PEG-PNIPAM Block Copolymers Pluronic-Based In-Situ Forming Hydrogels Thermogelling PEG/PLGA Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Thermogelling Star-Shaped and Graft PEG/PLGA Amphiphilic Copolymers Thermogelling PEG-PCL Amphiphilic Copolymers Thermogelling PEG-Based Amphiphilic Multiblock Copolymers ph-and Thermo-Sensitive PEG-Polyseter Amphiphilic Copolymer Hydrogels PEG-Based Amphiphilic Copolymers Modified by Anionic Weak Polyelectrolytes PEG-Based Amphiphilic Copolymers Modified by Cationic Weak Polyelectrolytes Acknowledgments

3 Biodegradable Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Release Julio San Roman The Nature of Biodegradable Hydrogels Physical Hydrogels Hydrophobic Interactions Hydrogels Ionic Interaction Hydrogels Hydrogen Bonded Hydrogels Chemically Bonded Hydrogels Thermo-Responsive Biodegradable Hydrogels from Stereocomplexed Poly(lactide)s Yoshiharu Kimura Micelles and Hydrogels with Various Block, Graft, and Armed PLA Copolymers Stereocomplexation of Enantiomeric PLAs, and the Hydrogels Applications Hydrogels Study on Enantiomeric PLA-PEG Linear Block Copolymers Motivation of the Study on Sterecomplexed Micellar Hydrogels Copolymer Synthesis and Gels Formation Hydrogels from Micellar Solutions of ABA Triblock Copolymers Hydrogels from BAB Triblock Copolymers Hydrogels from AB Diblock Copolymers Hydrogels Properties and Applications Hydrogels-Based Drug Delivery System with Molecular Imaging Soon Hong Yuk Hydrogels Polymers for Imaging Probes Poly(Ethylene Glycol) (PEG) and Its Copolymers Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) Molecular Probes for Imaging Gold Nanoparticles Magnetic Nanoparticles Fluorescence Dyes Microbubbles Quantum Dots Molecular Probe/Polymer Composite Systems Iron Oxide Nanoparticles/Polymer Composite Systems Quantum Dot/Polymer Composite Systems Microbubble/Polymer Composite Systems Drug Delivery System with Molecular Imaging Capability Part III. Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications Pieter J. Dijkstra Hydrogels Designs for Tissue Engineering Crosslinking Methods to Form Hydrogels Chemical Crosslinking by Radical Polymerization Crosslinking Functional Groups Crosslinking by Enzymatic Reactions Crosslinking by Stereocomplexation Hydrogels by Thermo-Gelation Crosslinking by Self Assembly Crosslinking by Inclusion Complexation Combining Physical and Chemical Crosslinking Naturally Derived Hydrogels Protein-Based Polymers Polysaccharides Synthetic Hydrogels Hydrogels Based on PEG-PLA and PEG-PGA Copolymers Fumaric Acid-Based Hydrogels Hybrid Hydrogels Tissue Engineering Applications Bone Graft Substitutes Cartilage Regeneration

4 Conclusions Composite Hydrogels for Scaffold Design, Tissue Engineering, and Prostheses L. Ambrosio Basic Concepts and Properties Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Claire Vinatier Characterization of Hydrogels Theory of Viscoelastic Behavior Cartilage Morphology, Properties and Diseases Composition of Articular Cartilage Chondrocyte Histological Organization of Articular Cartilage Extracellualar Matrix (ECM) Pathology of Articular Cartilage Cartilage Repair Cartilage Regeneration Tissue Engineering (TE) Hydrogels Polymers In Situ Crosslinkable Hydrogels Polymer Associations Physical and Mechanical Behavior Gelatin-Based Hydrogels for Controlled Cell Assembly Renji Zhang Gelatin-Based Hydrogels for the Controlled Hepatocyte Assembly Establishing a Multicellular Model by 3D Cell Assembly for Metabolic Syndrome Cryopreservation of 3D Constructs Based on Controlled Cell Assembly Conclusions Double Network Hydrogels as Tough, Durable Tissue Substitutes Jian Ping Gong Robust Gels with High Elasticity DN Gels from Synthetic Polymers Necking Phenomenon of DN Gels Local Damage Zone Model for the Toughening Mechanism of DN Gels Robust Gels from Bacterial Cellulose Sliding Friction of Gels Frictional Behavior of Gels Dependence on Load Sample Area Dependence Substrate Effect Extremely Low Friction Gels Template Effect on Gels Surface Structure and Its Friction Robust Hydrogels with Low Friction as Candidates for Artificial Cartilage Wear Properties of Robust DN Gels Biocompatibility of Robust DN Hydrogels Evaluation of Robust Gels Hydrogels Contact Lenses Miroslava Duskova Contact Lens Terminology Materials Used for Hydrogels Contact Lenses HEMA Other Glycol Methacrylates Dihydroxy Methacrylates Methacrylic Acid Acrylamides

5 1-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone FDA Contact Classification Selected Types of Hydrogels Contact Lens Materials Silicone Hydrogels Current Trends in Silicone-Hydrogels Lenses Part IV. Hydrogels With Unique Properties Electroconductive Hydrogels Anthony Guiseppi-Elie Inherently Conductive Electroactive Polymers Hydrogels Electroconductive Hydrogels Synthesis of Electroconductive Hydrogels Conclusions Acknowledgments Self-assembled Nanogel Engineering Kazunari Akiyoshi Self-Assembled Polysaccharide Nanogels Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembled Nanogels Thermoresponsive Nanogels Dual Stimuli (Heat-Redox)-Responsive Nanogels Photoresponsive Nanogels Biomedical Applications of Polysaccharide Nanogels Design and Function of Nanogel-Based Hydrogels Materials Hybrid Gels Crosslinked by Polymerizable Nanogels Rapid Shrinking Hydrogels Using Nanogel Crosslinker Biodegradable Nanogel-Crosslinked Hydrogels and Application in Regenerative Medicine Engineered High Swelling Hydrogels Kinam Park Engineered Hydrogels Purity of HSHs Hydrogels Characterization Hydrogels Stability Engineered HSH Polymers Superabsorbent Hydrogeis Hossein Omidian Hydrogels Swelling Mechanism of Hydrogels Swelling The Effect of Neutralization and Acidity on the Swelling Capacity of Polycarbonic Acids Donnan's Equilibrium and Potential in a Hydrogels Solution System Effect of Concentration Redistribution Kinetics of Hydrogels Swelling Name Index Subject Index

Biomedical Applications of Hydrogels Handbook

Biomedical Applications of Hydrogels Handbook Editor-in-Chief Raphael M. Ottenbrite Editors Kinam Park Teruo Okano Biomedical Applications of Hydrogels Handbook Editor-in-Chief Raphael M. Ottenbrite Professor