KEY CONCEPTS AND PROCESS SKILLS. 1. Blood types can be used as evidence about identity and about family relationships.
|
|
- Cody Edwards
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Evidence from DNA 40- to minute sessions 69 M O D E L I N G ACTIVITY OVERVIEW SUMMARY Students learn how DNA fingerprinting is done by performing a simulation of the process used to generate different sized pieces of DNA. They compare their simulation to the actual procedures used by scientists to prepare DNA fingerprints. KEY CONCEPTS AND PROCESS SKILLS 1. Blood types can be used as evidence about identity and about family relationships. 2. Blood typing can provide sufficient evidence to rule out relationships, but not enough to prove relationships. 3. DNA fingerprinting is done by using enzymes to cut an individual s DNA into characteristic pieces, and then separating the pieces to generate the individual s unique DNA pattern, or fingerprint. 4. Because each person s DNA sequence differs at many locations, each individual s DNA fingerprint is unique. KEY VOCABULARY DNA DNA fingerprinting MATERIALS AND ADVANCE PREPARATION For the teacher 1 Transparency 69.1, DNA Patterns For each group of four students * 1 tape, transparent For each pair of students 1 Student Sheet 69.1, DNA Person 1 1 Student Sheet 69.2, DNA Person 2 * 2 scissors *Not supplied in kit Teacher s Guide D-199
2 Activity 69 Evidence from DNA Prepare the Student Sheets for the activities. Photocopy one of the sheets onto a palecolored paper to distinguish it from the other. An option that makes the DNA sequences easier to manage (though harder for students to cut out) is to reduce the two sequences in size and copy them onto a single sheet of paper. TEACHING SUMMARY Getting Started 1. Review the need for more information to identify the lost children. Doing the Activity 2. Students compare simple DNA fingerprints to identify a sample. 3. Students model the cutting of DNA to produce pieces of different lengths. Follow-Up 4. Relate the results of the simulation to the appearance of bands in a DNA fingerprint and discuss the answers to the Analysis Questions. Extension Students research the Human Genome Project on the Internet. BACKGROUND INFORMATION DNA Fingerprinting The DNA fingerprinting process is more complex than implied in the student activity, though many of the details are supplied on page D-84 of the Student Book. Even tiny amounts of DNA, such as might be found in the single cell at the root of a strand of hair, can be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to make many copies of a particular sequence of interest. As simulated in the activity, the DNA is then cut up using restriction endonucleases, enzymes obtained from bacteria which cut at specific sequences of DNA, to give an assortment of lengths of DNA. The cut pieces of DNA from the person in question and one or more reference people are then run onto an electrophoretic gel. The electrical current applied to the solution in which the gel sits causes the negatively charged DNA pieces to move toward the positive electrode. Smaller pieces of DNA move more quickly through the gel. A D-200 Science and Life Issues
3 Evidence from DNA Activity 69 Southern blot is made from the gel by transferring the DNA fragments to a nylon membrane. Finally, specific radiolabelled DNA sequences are used to probe the membrane; the probes bind to the complementary sites on the DNA fragments. When the blot is covered with X-ray film, the radioactivity darkens the film wherever the probe has bonded with DNA. As suggested by the diversity of individual critters created in Activity 65, Breeding Critters More Traits, the DNA from any individual is bound to be unique. Furthermore, the DNA targeted in the fingerprinting process is some of the DNA between the genes (though, like all DNA, it is inherited as part of the chromosomes). Because most DNA between the genes does not have a vital function (as far as we know), its sequence varies much more among individuals than does the sequence of functioning genes, without affecting our traits. The sequences probed in a DNA fingerprint are usually the repetitive sequences known as variable number tandem repeats, or VNTRs. Since these repeated sequences accumulate mutations through the generations very easily, the exact lengths and numbers of copies vary on each chromosome. Thus, the various bands on each person s DNA fingerprint vary, in both position and intensity. The position of the band on a gel is related to its length: shorter bands migrate farther. The intensity is related to the frequency of pieces of a given length: the more pieces of a given length, the darker the corresponding band. Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project has been an international effort whose goal was to enable us to understand the function of every human gene on the 23 pairs of chromosomes. Groups of scientists and technicians have been working to sequence all the DNA, so that every last gene can be identified. Even though the human genome contains about 30,000 genes, plus a huge amount of extra DNA between the genes, this project has been completed by both the public effort and a private corporation as these materials are published. Direct sequencing is becoming so rapid that some day everyone s unique DNA sequence might become part of a data bank. Even now, ethical and legal issues regarding access and actions in response to genetic information are surfacing. However, even now that the complete sequencing of the human genome has been accomplished, much work is required before scientists will understand the structure and function of the entire human genome. Some of the questions that remain include what each gene encodes and what these products (mostly various proteins) do, and Teacher s Guide D-201
4 Activity 69 Evidence from DNA how genes are switched on and off during an organism s development and as a response to environmental conditions. (These questions have been partly addressed for a relatively small number of genes.) REFERENCES Collins, Francis S., et al. New Goals for the U.S. Human Genome Project: Science vol. 282 (October 23, 1998): Lowrie, P. and S. Wells. Genetic Fingerprinting. New Scientist,vol. 52 (1991). D-202 Science and Life Issues
5 Evidence from DNA Activity 69 TEACHING SUGGESTIONS GETTING STARTED 1. Review the need for more information to identify the lost children. Review which children may belong to John and Belinda and which to Mai and Paul, and review students ideas about how to be more certain of the children s identity. Explain that blood typing is only the first step in finding the children; it narrows the field of candidates, but does not provide proof of relationships. Have students read the Introduction and Challenge to the activity on page D-81 in the Student Book. Review the information about the four letters of the genetic code. Encourage students to ask any questions they may have and refer them to the diagrams they constructed for Analysis Question 1 of Activity 63, Show Me the Genes! (which show the hierarchy from DNA to gene to chromosome to cell to person). Explain that the letters of the code provide information just as the letters in a sentence convey information. The regions between genes are what get fingerprinted, and these letters differ more among people than do the genes. DOING THE ACTIVITY 2. Students compare simple DNA fingerprints to identify a sample. Part One of the Procedure allows students to see how DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify a person whose DNA has been found at the scene of a crime. In this case, students will be able to match the DNA fingerprint from the blood at the crime scene with the DNA fingerprint of Suspect 2. A similar approach could be used if the parents in the Namelia story had a baby tooth, for example, from their child that could be used to isolate a sample of the child s DNA. (In the next activity, students will find out that Belinda kept a tooth lost by her daughter. Do not reveal this to students at this time.) 3. Students model the cutting of DNA to produce pieces of different lengths. Distribute Student Sheet 69.1, DNA Person 1, and Student Sheet 69.2, DNA Person 2, to each student pair and explain that each of the two sheets has a DNA sequence from a different person. The activity will help students understand how different fingerprints are produced from these different DNA sequences, even though, at a glance, they have most letters of code in common. Teacher s Note: Before handing out the scissors, emphasize that when cutting out and taping the bands of DNA sequence together, the students are not representing any stage of the DNA fingerprinting process. The simulation really begins at Step 5 of the Procedure. (By cutting out the strands and taping them together they are preparing the simulated DNA strands as they are extracted from cells.) Have students turn to the Procedure on pages D-82 to D-83 in the Student Book. Each student in the pair is responsible for using one of the Student Sheets to prepare a single linear sequence of DNA (each chromosome in our cells contains a single DNA molecule which is far, far longer). Cutting each set of sequences into strips, and then taping them together in numbered order, produces a long ribbon. This ribbon simulates the DNA extracted from cells. Teacher s Guide D-203
6 Activity 69 Evidence from DNA Teacher s Note: In this activity, double-stranded DNA is represented as a single strand in order to simplify the mechanics of the activity. The simulation begins when each student cuts his or her DNA strand at specific sites (i.e. after every AAG) to simulate the action of an enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences. Students will observe that because the two sequences are unique, each is cut at different places, generating different numbers and lengths of pieces. (Person 1 s DNA gets 5 cuts, while Person 2 s gets 3 cuts.) The result is two different patterns of pieces, when sorted by length. Below are the patterns generated from Person 1 and Person 2. Person 1 Person 2 After completing the Procedure, students should read How DNA Fingerprinting Is Performed in the Lab on page D-84 in the Student Book, which illustrates the basic steps of the DNA fingerprinting technique. Review these steps with the students, and then have them complete the Analysis Questions. FOLLOW UP 4. Relate the results of the simulation to the appearance of bands in a DNA fingerprint and discuss the answers to the Analysis Questions. Help students relate the pattern of strips they generated to the patterns of stained bands such as those shown in Part One of the Procedure. Project Transparency 69.1, DNA Patterns. Ask, Which pattern would be generated from Person 1 s DNA, and which from Person 2 s DNA? Pattern C corresponds to Person 1, while Pattern B corresponds to Person 2. Emphasize that the position of each band indicates the relative length of the DNA fragment. The darkness of the band is a function of the number of fragments of that length. In reality (but not in the simulation), dark bands are due to a large number of copies of identical, repeated sequences. Remind the class that the lost children have not been conclusively identified, although blood typing has suggested some candidates. Ask the class how DNA fingerprinting might help provide evidence about the lost children. They may suggest comparing the DNA of the children of Samarra to the DNA of John and Belinda s and Mai and Paul s children. However, the parents are unlikely to have a source of DNA from their children to use for com- D-204 Science and Life Issues
7 Evidence from DNA Activity 69 parison. Ask students if there is any way they could use the DNA fingerprinting technique, given the fact that they don t have samples from the children from before they were lost. They may suggest comparing the children s DNA to the DNA of the parents. If so, make a note of this suggestion and tell them they will return to this idea in the next activity. If they don t suggest it, then leave the question open until the next activity. Emphasize that when the students cut out the DNA sequence strips for each person and taped them together, they were not simulating anything at all. They were merely assembling a single intact stretch of DNA to use as they modeled selected steps of the fingerprinting process. 2. Look at this DNA fingerprint. Extension Students research the Human Genome Project on the Internet. Have students go to the SALI page of the SEPUP website for links to websites about the Human Genome Project. There they can explore some of the latest research on human genes. SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO ANALYSIS QUESTIONS 1. In your science notebook, create a table like the one below. In the table, match the steps you did in the simulation to the steps scientists use to make DNA fingerprints. DNA added here Band A Band B Band C Band D a. Which single band represents the smallest pieces of DNA? Explain how you can tell. Band D represents the smallest pieces since it moved the farthest in the gel. b. Which single band represents the most common length of DNA for this fingerprint? Explain how you can tell. What scientists do Extract DNA from cells Cut the DNA with enzymes Use an agar gel and electric current to separate DNA pieces Make the DNA visible What we did in the simulation Used sequence from Student Sheet to represent the DNA Cut the paper DNA after a specific sequence Sorted the DNA pieces by hand, by size (not necessary in simulation) Teacher s Guide D-205
8 Activity 69 Evidence from DNA Band B represents the most common length: it is darkest, and thus contains the greatest amount of material (number of fragments). 3. Why are DNA fingerprints unique to each person? In your explanation, refer to the way that DNA is cut up and sorted, and refer to the DNA of Person 1 and Person 2 from the activity. Each person s DNA is cut at the same sequences (in this case, AAG). Since different individuals have these sequences in different places in the variable regions of the DNA, cuts occur at different places, as in the simulation with Person 1 and Person 2. This produces different lengths of DNA for each person, which appear as bands at different positions in actual DNA fingerprints. D-206 Science and Life Issues
9 Name Date DNA Person 1 1. First cut along the solid border around the edges. 2. Then cut out each strip of letters along the dotted lines and tape each to the one before, to make a long ribbon of letters. The numbers at the end of each line will help you keep the strips in order. As you tape on each strip, you will cover the previous number. T T G T G G C C C C C C A A T T G T T 1 G T T A G A A A G G A G G G G A A G T 2 A T G A G A T T T T T T T T T A G G C 3 A C A C A C A A G A G A T A T A G A G 4 A A A A A T T G T G G T G T A G A G C 5 C C C C G A A A A A A A A A A A A C A 6 C A C A C A A G A T A G A T G T G T G 7 T G C G C G C G G G G G G G A A T A A The Regents of the University of California C A G T G T T G T A T T A A T T T A T 9 A G A A A A T A A G A T A T A T G G G 10 Science and Life Issues Student Sheet 69.1 D-207
10 Name Date DNA Person 2 1. First cut along the solid border around the edges. 2. Then cut out each strip of letters along the dotted lines and tape each to the one before, to make a long ribbon of letters. The numbers at the end of each line will help you keep the strips in order. As you tape on each strip, you will cover the previous number. T T G T G G C C C C C C A A T T G T T 1 A T T A G A G G G G A G G G G A A G T 2 A T G A G A T T T T T G T T T A T G C 3 A C A C A C A T G A G A T A T A A A G 4 A A C A A T T G T G G T G T A G A G C 5 C C C C G A A A A C C C C A A A A C A 6 C A C A A A A G A T A G A T G T G T G 7 T G A G C G C G G G G G G G A A T C T 8 C A G T G T T G T A T T A A C C T A T The Regents of the University of California A G A A A A T T T G A T A T A T G G G 10 Science and Life Issues Student Sheet 69.1b D-209
11 DNA Patterns A B C D 2001 The Regents of the University of California Science and Life Issues Transparency 69.1 D-211
Name Date Class CHAPTER 13. DNA Fingerprinting
Real-World Biology: Analysis DNA Fingerprinting Genetic Prints Help Solve Mystery of Girls Switched at Birth. Murder Conviction Overturned by DNA Testing: Prisoner Released. Headlines such as these have
More informationApplication of Biotechnology in DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Application of Biotechnology in DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting and Forensics Forensic science intersection of law and science Historic examples Early 1900s
More informationPart I: Predicting Genetic Outcomes
Part I: Predicting Genetic Outcomes Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is found in every cell of living organisms, and all of the cells in each organism contain the exact same copy of that organism s DNA. Because
More informationRFLP s with VNTR analysis
RFLP s with VNTR analysis The most powerful and awesome tool acquired by humans since the splitting of atoms The Time Magazine (U.S.A) INTRODUCTION DNA profiling (also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or
More informationSouthern hybridization technique
Southern hybridization technique DNA fingerprint analysis is based on the "Southern" hybridization technique. In this method: DNA fingerprinting, also termed DNA profile analysis is based on the use of
More informationChapter 7 DNA Fingerprinting By the end of this chapter you will be able to:
Chapter 7 DNA Fingerprinting By the end of this chapter you will be able to: explain how crime scene evidence is collected and processed to obtain DNA describe how radioactive probes are used in DNA fingerprinting
More informationRestriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Polymorphism is any difference in the DNA sequence between individuals. Since we are all genetically different from each other, we are all polymorphic. This
More informationFurther Reading - DNA
Further Reading - DNA DNA BACKGROUND What is DNA? DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid ) is a complex molecule found in the cells of all living things. The blueprint for life, DNA contains all the information
More informationMolecular Probes. Mitesh Shrestha
Molecular Probes Mitesh Shrestha Molecular Probes Small DNA segments (genomic DNA, cdna or synthetic oligonucleotides) or RNA segments (often synthesized on DNA template) that recognize complementary sequences
More informationIntroduction to some aspects of molecular genetics
Introduction to some aspects of molecular genetics Julius van der Werf (partly based on notes from Margaret Katz) University of New England, Armidale, Australia Genetic and Physical maps of the genome...
More informationDNA DNA Profiling 18. Discuss the stages involved in DNA profiling 19. Define the process of DNA profiling 20. Give two uses of DNA profiling
Name: 2.5 Genetics Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to: 2.5.1 Heredity and Variation 1. Discuss the diversity of organisms 2. Define the term species 3. Distinguish between
More informationDNA Profiling. (DNA fingerprinting)
DNA Profiling (DNA fingerprinting) Background Information: Restriction Enzymes Restriction Enzymes Evolved by bacteria to protect against viral DNA infection. Also called Endonucleases. They cleave DNA
More informationHOW MANY CATs? A DNA Profiling Simulation
HOW MANY CATs? A DNA Profiling Simulation Background Information 1. Structure of DNA Double helix Anti-parallel strands 4 Bases (A, C, G, and T) Complementary bases Template Strand 5 3 A T T G A C 3 T
More informationLecture Four. Molecular Approaches I: Nucleic Acids
Lecture Four. Molecular Approaches I: Nucleic Acids I. Recombinant DNA and Gene Cloning Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been created artificially. DNA from two or more sources is incorporated into a single
More informationDNA: THE INDISPENSIBLE FORENSIC SCIENCE TOOL
Chapter 9 DNA: THE INDISPENSIBLE TOOL By Richard Saferstein Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 1 Chapter 9 DNA Fingerprinting By the end of this chapter you will be able to: explain how crime scene evidence
More informationDNA Analysis Students will learn:
DNA Analysis Students will learn: That DNA is a long-chain polymer found in nucleated cells, which contain genetic information. That DNA can be used to identify or clear potential suspects in crimes. How
More information13-2 Manipulating DNA Slide 1 of 32
1 of 32 The Tools of Molecular Biology The Tools of Molecular Biology How do scientists make changes to DNA? Scientists use their knowledge of the structure of DNA and its chemical properties to study
More informationDNA. Shape = Double Helix (twisted ladder) The purpose of each cell having DNA is to have directions for the cell to make proteins
DNA DNA Deoxyribo- Nucleic Acid Shape = Double Helix (twisted ladder) The purpose of each cell having DNA is to have directions for the cell to make proteins Parts = nucleotide 1. Sugar (deoxyribose) 2.
More informationB. Incorrect! Ligation is also a necessary step for cloning.
Genetics - Problem Drill 15: The Techniques in Molecular Genetics No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following is not part of the normal process of cloning recombinant DNA in bacteria? (A) Restriction endonuclease
More informationJanuary 07, (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine)
(adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine) DNA at Work - DNA is used to make proteins - proteins are made by linking amino acids (there are 20 possible amino acids) - sequence of amino acids determines shape/function
More informationDNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the genetic material in our cells. No two people (except identical twins) have the
DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the genetic material in our cells. No two people (except identical twins) have the exact same DNA. DNA patterns from four sets of twins which are identical? DNA fingerprinting
More informationDNA Fingerprinting. The DNA fingerprinting technique is summarized as follows:
DNA Fingerprinting Introduction Laboratory techniques called DNA fingerprinting have been developed to identify or type an individual's DNA. One application of these techniques has been in solving crimes.
More informationManipulating DNA. Nucleic acids are chemically different from other macromolecules such as proteins and carbohydrates.
Lesson Overview 14.3 Studying the Human Genome Nucleic acids are chemically different from other macromolecules such as proteins and carbohydrates. Nucleic acids are chemically different from other macromolecules
More informationMolecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 11: Recombinant DNA
Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 11: Recombinant DNA Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following statements about the sources of DNA used for molecular cloning is correct? Question #1 (A) cdna
More informationGENETICS 1 Classification, Heredity, DNA & RNA. Classification, Objectives At the end of this sub section you should be able to: Heredity, DNA and RNA
Classification, Heredity, DNA and Objectives At the end of this sub section you should be able to: RNA Heredity and Variation Gene Expression DNA structure DNA Profiling Protein Synthesis 1. Discuss the
More informationNOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech )
NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech ) Vocabulary Genetic Engineering Gene Recombinant DNA Transgenic Restriction Enzymes Vectors Plasmids Cloning Key Concepts What is genetic engineering?
More informationMore often heard about on television dramas than on the news, DNA is the key to solving crimes the scientific way. Although it has only been
DNA Matching More often heard about on television dramas than on the news, DNA is the key to solving crimes the scientific way. Although it has only been relatively recent (compared the course of forensic
More information-Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes
Genetic Engineering -Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes Biotechnology -Is the process of manipulating organisms or their components for the purpose of making useful products Restriction Enzymes
More informationI. Gene Cloning & Recombinant DNA. Biotechnology: Figure 1: Restriction Enzyme Activity. Restriction Enzyme:
I. Gene Cloning & Recombinant DNA Biotechnology: Figure 1: Restriction Enzyme Activity Restriction Enzyme: Most restriction enzymes recognize a single short base sequence, or Restriction Site. Restriction
More informationExplain why the scientists used the same restriction endonuclease enzymes on each DNA sample
Q1.Some populations of flies are becoming resistant to insecticides intended to kill them. Scientists developed a method for finding out whether a fly was carrying a recessive allele, r, that gives resistance
More informationDNA. Evidence. How is DNA be used to solve crimes?
DNA Evidence How is DNA be used to solve crimes? How is DNA used as evidence? Each person s DNA is different from other people (except identical twins). DNA collected from a crime scene can either link
More informationRestriction Enzymes (endonucleases)
In order to understand and eventually manipulate DNA (human or otherwise) an array of DNA technologies have been developed. Here are some of the tools: Restriction Enzymes (endonucleases) In order to manipulate
More informationInterpreting DNA Analysis
Unit 4 Genetics Investigation 4 Interpreting DN nalysis Background One of the most useful tools in forensic science is a technique for identifying small quantities of DN, which may be found as part of
More informationHuman Genomics. 1 P a g e
Human Genomics What were the aims of the human genome project? To identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in Human DNA. To find where each gene is located To determine the sequences of the 3
More informationWho s Your Daddy? Teacher s Guide Engage: This can be done individually, in lab groups, or as a whole class discussion. We know we can cut paper, or
Who s Your Daddy? Teacher s Guide Engage: This can be done individually, in lab groups, or as a whole class discussion. We know we can cut paper, or string with scissors, but can we cut things we cannot
More information2 Gene Technologies in Our Lives
CHAPTER 15 2 Gene Technologies in Our Lives SECTION Gene Technologies and Human Applications KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: For what purposes are genes and proteins manipulated?
More informationOverview. Background ~30 min. Lab activity ~50 min. DNA profiling Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Gel Electrophoresis PCR
Overview Day 1: Tuesday Introduction to DNA profiling How do we use DNA to solve crimes? Background Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Gel Electrophoresis Set up PCR Day 2: Wednesday Make and Run Agarose
More informationTHE SIGNAL AND THE NOISE
THE SIGNAL AND THE NOISE ACTIVITY SHEET INTRODUCTION DR DARREN LOGAN S RESEARCH IS TRYING TO FIND OUT IF THERE IS A GENETIC EXPLANATION FOR BEHAVIOUR. IF THESE BEHAVIOURAL GENES CAN BE IDENTIFIED THEN
More informationMutations, Genetic Testing and Engineering
Mutations, Genetic Testing and Engineering Objectives Describe how techniques such as DNA fingerprinting, genetic modifications, and chromosomal analysis are used to study the genomes of organisms (TEKS
More informationGENETICS EXAM 3 FALL a) is a technique that allows you to separate nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) by size.
Student Name: All questions are worth 5 pts. each. GENETICS EXAM 3 FALL 2004 1. a) is a technique that allows you to separate nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) by size. b) Name one of the materials (of the two
More informationAnalysis in Forensic Science
Chapter 16 Gene Cloning & DNA Analysis in Forensic Science 1. DNA analysis in identification of crime suspects 2. Studying kinship by DNA profiling 3. Sex identification by DNA analysis Forensic science
More informationCSI TEST. Ref. PCR detectives (4 practices) 1. EXPERIMENT OBJETIVE 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
CSI TEST Ref. PCR detectives (4 practices) 1. EXPERIMENT OBJETIVE This practice introduces students to using DNA and PCR to simulate how DNA obtained from a hair or saliva sample from a crime scene can
More information..C C C T C A T T C A T T C A T T C A T T C A..
Polymerase Chain Reaction Lab: a Forensic Application INTRODUCTION PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique that scientists use to amplify particular segments of DNA. This process can produce large
More informationCOC Biotechnology Program
COC Biotechnology Program DNA FINGERPRINTING: VERSION B In the time it takes you to complete this lab, your DNA could be extracted, amplified, analyzed and compared. Everything from a criminal past to
More informationGENETICS: BIOLOGY HSA REVIEW
GENETICS: BIOLOGY HSA REVIEW HSA Review A. Matching: On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition of each term. a. genetics f. gamete b. trait g. probability c. hybrid h. Punnett square d.
More informationBiotechnology Chapter 20
Biotechnology Chapter 20 DNA Cloning DNA Cloning AKA Plasmid-based transformation or molecular cloning First off-let s sum up what happens. A plasmid is taken from a bacteria A gene is inserted into the
More informationDNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid DNA is a very large molecule made up of a long chain of sub-units The sub-units are called nucleotides Each
1 DNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid DNA is a very large molecule made up of a long chain of sub-units The sub-units are called nucleotides Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar called deoxyribose
More informationDNA Profiling with PCR
Name: DNA Profiling with PCR OBJECTIVES To review the structure and function of DNA. Understand and perform the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) To gain experience using the micropipettes, thermocycler,
More informationLesson Overview. Studying the Human Genome. Lesson Overview Studying the Human Genome
Lesson Overview 14.3 Studying the Human Genome THINK ABOUT IT Just a few decades ago, computers were gigantic machines found only in laboratories and universities. Today, many of us carry small, powerful
More informationExploring Genetic Variation in a Caffeine Metabolism gene LAB TWO: POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Exploring Genetic Variation in a Caffeine Metabolism gene LAB TWO: POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Purpose: In this laboratory, we will set up a polymerase chain reaction to amplify the region of the caffeine
More informationStudying the Human Genome. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview Studying the Human Genome
Lesson Overview 14.3 Studying the Human Genome THINK ABOUT IT Just a few decades ago, computers were gigantic machines found only in laboratories and universities. Today, many of us carry small, powerful
More informationOverview: The DNA Toolbox
Overview: The DNA Toolbox Sequencing of the genomes of more than 7,000 species was under way in 2010 DNA sequencing has depended on advances in technology, starting with making recombinant DNA In recombinant
More informationii State two types of evidence left at the scene of the crime which may have been used to provide the DNA sample.
1 The diagram below shows the results of a test which can be used to analyse evidence left at the scene of a crime. This can then be compared with samples taken from various suspects. a i Name this technique.
More informationExome Sequencing Exome sequencing is a technique that is used to examine all of the protein-coding regions of the genome.
Glossary of Terms Genetics is a term that refers to the study of genes and their role in inheritance the way certain traits are passed down from one generation to another. Genomics is the study of all
More informationMoayyad Al-shafei. Mohammad Tarabeih. Dr Ma'mon Ahram. 1 P a g e
3 Moayyad Al-shafei Mohammad Tarabeih Dr Ma'mon Ahram 1 P a g e In this sheet, we are going to discuss 2 main topics: 1- The advantages of restriction endonucleases. 2- DNA replication. Before we start
More informationChapter 15 Gene Technologies and Human Applications
Chapter Outline Chapter 15 Gene Technologies and Human Applications Section 1: The Human Genome KEY IDEAS > Why is the Human Genome Project so important? > How do genomics and gene technologies affect
More informationAllele: Chromosome DNA fingerprint: Electrophoresis: Gene:
Essential Vocabulary Allele: an alternate form of a gene; for example, a gene for human hair color may have alleles that cause red or brown hair Chromosome: a cell structure that contains genetic information
More informationGenetic tests are available for hundreds of disorders. DNA testing can pinpoint the exact genetic basis of a disorder.
Human DNA Analysis Human DNA Analysis There are roughly 6 billion base pairs in your DNA. Biologists search the human genome using sequences of DNA bases. Genetic tests are available for hundreds of disorders.
More informationLesson 3 Gel Electrophoresis of Amplified PCR Samples and Staining of Agarose Gels
Lesson 3 Gel Electrophoresis of Amplified PCR Samples and Staining of Agarose Gels What Are You Looking At? Before you analyze your PCR products, let s take a look at the target sequence being explored.
More informationBiology Chapter 9 & Honors Biology Chapter 13. Frontiers Of Biotechnology
Biology Chapter 9 & Honors Biology Chapter 13 Frontiers Of Biotechnology DNA TECHNOLOGY IS ABOUT: Manipulating DNA for man s purposes. It includes: cutting DNA, Gel Electrophoresis and Polymerase Chain
More informationLesson 1 Introduction to Restriction Analysis
Lesson 1 Introduction to Restriction Analysis Consideration 1. How Does DNA Become Fragmented Into Pieces? DNA consists of a series of nitrogenous base molecules held together by weak hydrogen bonds. These
More informationThe Techniques of Molecular Biology: Forensic DNA Fingerprinting
Revised Fall 2016 The Techniques of Molecular Biology: Forensic DNA Fingerprinting **Lab coat, eye goggles and gloves (nitrile or latex) are required for this lab. You will not be allowed to participate
More informationStudent Manual. Pre-Lab Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting STUDENT MANUAL BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND Pre-Lab Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting You are about to perform a procedure known as DNA fingerprinting. The data obtained may allow you to determine if the samples of DNA that you will
More informationDNA Technology Outline
I) Tools of DNA technology A. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): method of copying DNA sequences 1. DNA is copied in a similar way to natural replication in our cells, but much faster. 2.PCR consists of
More informationUnit 3.notebook June 03, Genetic Counseling. May 11 12:18 PM. Genetic Counseling
Genetic Counseling Until recently, it was very difficult to determine the health of an unborn baby. Today, with new research and technology, information can be gathered during: > fetal development > before
More information2014 Pearson Education, Inc. CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology
CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology Biotechnology the use of microorganisms to make practical products Recombinant DNA = DNA from 2 different sources What is Recombinant DNA Technology? modifying genomes
More informationDNA/RNA STUDY GUIDE. Match the following scientists with their accomplishments in discovering DNA using the statement in the box below.
Name: Period: Date: DNA/RNA STUDY GUIDE Part A: DNA History Match the following scientists with their accomplishments in discovering DNA using the statement in the box below. Used a technique called x-ray
More informationApplications of Biotechnology Electrophoresis lab: (without the DNA) Introduction to micropipetters and electrophoresis equipment
Applications of Biotechnology Electrophoresis lab: (without the DNA) Introduction to micropipetters and electrophoresis equipment Materials- Gather the following items at your table: Eight samples for
More informationDNA, Genes and Chromosomes. Vocabulary
Vocabulary Big Ideas Heredity and Reproduction Understand and explain that every organism requires a set of instructions that specifies its traits, that this hereditary information (DNA) contains genes
More informationHuman Genomics. Higher Human Biology
Human Genomics Higher Human Biology Learning Intentions Explain what is meant by human genomics State that bioinformatics can be used to identify DNA sequences Human Genomics The genome is the whole hereditary
More informationBIOTECHNOLOGY. Sticky & blunt ends. Restriction endonucleases. Gene cloning an overview. DNA isolation & restriction
BIOTECHNOLOGY RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Recombinant DNA technology involves sticking together bits of DNA from different sources. Made possible because DNA & the genetic code are universal. 2004 Biology
More informationWho s Your Daddy? Engage: Crime Scene video:
Who s Your Daddy? 1. Engage: Crime Scene video: Crime Lab Uses DNA to Solve Property Crimes in San Diego County. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxyztbkmxwu Watch the clip and then have groups discuss and
More informationUnit 4-DNA Analysis Review Guide
Name: KEY Match the term on the right with the definition on the left. Unit 4-DNA Analysis Review Guide 1. A procedure used to determine the order of the base pairs that make up a DNA molecule E 2. These
More informationDNA Leads the Way (How to Catch a Thief Or Using Chromatography to Identify an Unknown)
DNA Leads the Way (How to Catch a Thief Or Using Chromatography to Identify an Unknown) Learning Outcomes Students will learn how the cell uses DNA. Students will compare and contrast DNA Students will
More informationGenetic Engineering and Other Aspects of Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering and Other Aspects of Biotechnology IB Biology Outcomes 4.4.1 Outline the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA. 4.4.2 State that, in gel
More informationCH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology
CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology Biotechnology the use of microorganisms to make practical products Recombinant DNA = DNA from 2 different sources What is Recombinant DNA Technology? modifying genomes
More informationDNA Technology. B. Using Bacteria to Clone Genes: Overview:
DNA Technology A. Basic Vocabulary: is DNA from 2 different sources that is combined. is the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. literally means or in a test tube or flask. is the manipulation
More informationAppendix B. Fig. 1. The Structure of DNA
Appendix B Prelab Activity 1 A Review of Restriction Enzymes DNA consists of a series of nitrogen base molecules held together by weak hydrogen bonds. These base pairs are in turn bonded to a sugar and
More informationConnect-A-Contig Paper version
Teacher Guide Connect-A-Contig Paper version Abstract Students align pieces of paper DNA strips based on the distance between markers to generate a DNA consensus sequence. The activity helps students see
More informationRegents Biology REVIEW 5: GENETICS
Period Date REVIEW 5: GENETICS 1. Chromosomes: a. Humans have chromosomes, or homologous pairs. Homologous: b. Chromosome pairs carry genes for the same traits. Most organisms have two copies of the gene
More informationChapter 20 DNA Technology & Genomics. If we can, should we?
Chapter 20 DNA Technology & Genomics If we can, should we? Biotechnology Genetic manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products Humans have been doing this for 1,000s of years plant
More informationYou will compare the structure of the Orchid World orchid with the orchids sold by the online flower company.
STO-113 Flower Forensics The owner of a local flower store (Orchid World) has asked you to investigate a possible crime the theft and illegal cloning of some of his prized black orchids. He has spent many
More information13-1 Changing the Living World
13-1 Changing the Living World In the past, variation was limited to the variations already in nature or random variations that resulted from mutations. Now, scientists can change DNA and swap genes from
More informationThe Techniques of Molecular Biology: Forensic DNA Fingerprinting
The Techniques of Molecular Biology: Forensic DNA Fingerprinting Revised Fall 2017 Laboratory Safety: Lab coat, long pants, closed-toe shoes, safety goggles, and nitrile or latex gloves are required. Learning
More informationRevision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10
Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following has the disadvantage of possibly bringing
More informationThe Nail File Crime Aka The Rockina Lab
The Nail File Crime Aka The Rockina Lab Purpose: This activity will simulate the use of restriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis in making DNA fingerprints. Some steps have been eliminated to simplify
More informationROYAL GUARD INCIDENT REPORT. Incident Type: Theft Complaint Status Pending DNA results Processed by: Chief Wiggam Other Officers: Officer Li Gase
Lab DNA Fingerprinting Who Ate the Cheese? Introduction: DNA isolation from blood, hair, skin cells, or other genetic evidence left at the scene of a crime can be compared with the DNA of a criminal suspect
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.20 - BIOTECHNOLOGY.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: DNA CLONING DNA cloning is a technique that inserts a foreign gene into a living host to replicate the gene and produce gene products. Transformation the process by which
More informationBell Work. 2.Look at these two nucleotide sequences: ATTGCGCCGTA and ATTGCGCAGTA. What type of mutation is shown in the second sequence?
Bell Work 1.What does a pedigree show? 2.Look at these two nucleotide sequences: ATTGCGCCGTA and ATTGCGCAGTA. What type of mutation is shown in the second sequence? 3.What is the mutation called when a
More informationActivity 4.3.2: Hypercholesterolemia
Activity 4.3.2: Hypercholesterolemia Introduction In the previous activity, you learned that Anna Garcia has abnormally high cholesterol levels. Because of this result, Anna was sent back to the lab for
More informationDESIGNER GENES SAMPLE TOURNAMENT
DESIGNER GENES SAMPLE TOURNAMENT PART ONE- GENETICS PROBLEMS In dogs, the inheritance of hair color involves a gene (B) for black hair and a gene (b) for brown hair. A dominant (C) is also involved. It
More informationWhat does DNA stand for?
DNA and RNA What does DNA stand for? DNA = deoxribonucleic acid NOTE: the DNA from one cell would stretch 3 metre DNA are coiled and folded. DNA has two strands. What four bases are used in DNA? The four
More informationRecombinant DNA Technology. The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology. yeast. Biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology.
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 8 Recombinant DNA Technology The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology?
More informationGenetics and Biotechnology. Section 1. Applied Genetics
Section 1 Applied Genetics Selective Breeding! The process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations is called selective breeding. Section
More information