INTELLIGENT ANTIBODY DISCOVERY FROM HUMANS AND OTHER ANIMALS. Guy Cavet

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1 INTELLIGENT ANTIBODY DISCOVERY FROM HUMANS AND OTHER ANIMALS Guy Cavet

2 PRECISION THERAPIES FROM THE ACTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE Patient/Animal with Immune Response Immune Repertoire Capture Antibody and TCR Repertoires Unprecedented Fidelity Expression-Ready Sequences Immuno-Oncology Autoimmunity Infectious Disease Novel Therapeutics Improved Vaccines Clinical Diagnostics 2 Unprecedented immune response data for crafting and optimizing novel immunotherapies

3 PROBLEM: IN TYPICAL SEQUENCING, CELL OF ORIGIN INFORMATION IS LOST Gene #1 mrna Gene #2 mrna Gene #3 mrna Cell #1 Cell #2 Cell #3... Many cells Pooling mrna results in loss of information about which cdna comes from which cell 3

4 SOLUTION: CELL-SPECIFIC NUCLEIC ACID BARCODING ENABLES HIGH-THROUGHPUT SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS Atreca Barcode #1 Atreca Barcode #2 Atreca Barcode #3 Gene #1 mrna Gene #2 mrna Gene #3 mrna Cell #1 Cell #2 Cell #3... Many cells Every cdna has cell-specific barcode at 5 end identifying cell from which it originated 4

5 ATRECA BARCODING AND BIOINFORMATICS YIELD HIGH-FIDELITY AND UNBIASED SINGLE-CELL DATA Atreca Barcode #1 Atreca Barcode #2 Atreca Barcode #3 Gene #1 mrna Gene #2 mrna Gene #3 mrna Cell #1 Cell #2 Cell #3... Many cells Co-expressed Co-expressed Co-expressed Mix Amplify Sequence via NGS Apply bioinformatics Heavy / a Chain #1 Light / b Chain #1 Subtype Marker Heavy / a Chain #2 Light / b Chain #2 Subtype Marker Heavy / a Chain #3 Light / b Chain #3 Subtype Marker High-fidelity sequence data mapped to individual cells 5

6 IRC REVEALS THE ANTIBODY REPERTOIRE PRECISELY Each leaf represents one B cell Branch lengths reflect sequence divergence Heavy / a Chain #1 Light / b Chain #1 Heavy / a Chain #2 Light / b Chain #2 Heavy / a Chain #3 Light / b Chain #3 6

7 SEQUENCE ACCURACY VERIFIED TO % Single hybridoma cells processed with Atreca technology Sequences of single-cell H&L chain pairs determined Atreca s standard pipeline: no editing or corrections needed Total of 49 kb finished sequence for 73 hybridoma cells Accuracy >99.998% (assumes hybridoma perfectly clonal) Multiple Sequence Alignment etc. 7

8 ATRECA TECHNOLOGY ALSO DELIVERS PAIRED TCRS WITH SUBTYPE IDENTITIES KEY FOR EXTRACTING USEFUL INFORMATION =CD4 + =CD8 + =CD25 + CD127 lo =CD4 + IL-17 + =CD4 + IL-4 + =CD4 + IFN-γ + =Other =CD45RO + =CD45RO - Paired chain a/b TCR repertoire With key subtype information Healthy Control Peripheral Blood 8

9 EXAMPLE ANTIBODY REPERTOIRE Human Plasmablast Repertoire Following Flu Vaccination Rare families captured nevertheless Response dominated by antibodies with one VH in HC 9

10 HUMANIZED MICE: EFFICIENT DISCOVERY OF IN VIVO ACTIVE ANTIBODIES Repertoires Generated In Vivo Activity In Vivo Exceeds Activity Positive Control Repertoire of Example Animal 10

11 LIGHT HEAVY SEQUENCE REPERTOIRES IDENTIFY CONVERGENCE: ANTIBODIES FROM FIVE DIFFERENT MICE 11

12 ACUTE ZIKA INFECTION: REPERTOIRE TOPOLOGY INFORMS FOLLOW-UP Plasmablasts 5 days post-onset of symptoms Color indicates B cell lineage Two lineages make up 70% of repertoire Knowledge of the repertoire informs hypothesis generation, follow-up experiments and efficient screening Expanded lineages contain antibodies neutralizing both Zika and Dengue viruses Consistent with recall of Dengue response 12 with Graham Simmons, BSRI

13 ATRECA REVEALS THE ANTI-CANCER IMMUNE RESPONSE Immune Repertoire Capture a b Cancer Exceptional Responder Comprehensive Antibody & TCR Repertoires Insights into Tumor Immunology Anti-Tumor Antibodies and TCRs Novel Drug Targets Unprecedented immune response data for crafting and optimizing novel cancer immunotherapies 13

14 PRECISE REPERTOIRE ANALYSIS CAPTURES IMMUNE EFFECTS OF CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY Antibody repertoire changes following PD-1 pathway inhibition New clonal families = pre apd-1 = post apd-1 14 Precise definition of repertoire changes pre/post treatment Coupled B and T cell analysis with T cell subset information Supports identification of antibody and TCR targets

15 IPILIMUMAB STIMULATES ANTIBODY FAMILY EXPANSION Expansion of clonal families observed after ipilimumab treatment Antibody repertoires from controller pre- and post-treatment (combined) Pre-treatment Post-treatment 15

16 Antibodies (Percent) ANTIBODIES MORE HIGHLY MUTATED AFTER IPILIMUMAB =baseline =post-ipilimumab HC Mutations 16

17 IRC RUNS IN BOTH PLATE AND DROPLET FORMATS Atreca technology in nanoscale format Cells and barcodes encapsulated in nanoliter aqueous droplet emulsion Global reverse transcription and barcoding takes place in the droplet High throughput and greatly reduced lower cost per cell Antibody repertoire from droplet format 17 Best suited to abundant target cell populations

18 WHAT IS IMPORTANT FOR FINDING THE RIGHT ANTIBODIES? Immune Repertoire Capture The Right Cells (don t sequence every B cell) High Efficiency (more cells yielding high quality data) Exquisite Accuracy (know exactly what antibody each cell makes) 18 Acknowledgements: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Graham Simmons William Robinson, M.D. Kymab

19 ATRECA: PRECISION IMMUNOTHERAPY FROM THE IMMUNE RESPONSE Single cell analysis enables accurate sequence repertoires Accurate repertoires enable intelligent antibody discovery From humans and any other species Accurate quantitation and lineage reconstruction Convergent evolution and longitudinal analysis Barcoding can deliver single-cell gene expression profiles 19 World-leading immune response analysis technology

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