Generating Forensic DNA Profiles
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1 Wright State University CORE Scholar Biological Sciences Faculty Publications Biological Sciences Generating Forensic DNA Profiles Dan E. Krane Wright State University - Main Campus, dan.krane@wright.edu Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Biology Commons, Medical Sciences Commons, and the Systems Biology Commons Repository Citation Krane, D. E. (2012). Generating Forensic DNA Profiles.. This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact corescholar@
2 Generating forensic DNA profiles Dan E. Krane, Wright State University, Dayton, OH Forensic DNA Profiling Video Series Forensic Bioinformatics (
3 Three generations of DNA testing RFLP AUTORAD Allele = BAND DQ-alpha TEST STRIP Allele = BLUE DOT Automated STR ELECTROPHEROGRAM Allele = PEAK
4 Two additional DNA tests Mitochondrial DNA mtdna sequence Sensitive but not discriminating Y-STRs Useful with mixtures Paternally inherited
5 DNA content of biological samples Trillions of cells Roughly 100 cells Each cell contains 6 to 7 pg of DNA DNA profiling kits generally recommend using between 500 and 1,000 pg of template DNA That works out to roughly 100 to 200 cells
6 What is a picogram? 1 gram = 1/4 th of a packet of sugar 1 milligram = a single crystal of sugar 1 nanogram = one 1000 th of a crystal of sugar 1 picogram = one billionth of a gram
7 What is a microliter? 1 liter = half of a bottle of a soft drink 1 milliliter = 1000 th of a liter (about a thimble full) 100 microliters = one drop 1 microliter = one millionth of a liter
8 Basic terminology: Genetics DNA Polymorphism ( many forms ) Regions of DNA which differ from person to person Locus (plural = loci) Site or location on a chromosome Allele Different variants which can exist at a locus
9 Basic terminology: Technology Amplification or PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) A technique for replicating DNA in the laboratory ( molecular Xeroxing ) Region to be amplified defined by primers Electrophoresis A technique for separating molecules according to their size
10 Automated STR Test
11 Crime Scene Samples & Reference Samples Extract and purify DNA Differential extraction in sex assault cases attempts to isolate DNA from sperm cells
12 Extract and Purify DNA Add primers and other reagents
13 Setting up an amplification Pipettors are used to transfer microliter quantities of liquids Final reaction volumes are typically 10 or 20 microliters There are no good visual clues that a solution contains DNA or that a reaction is proceeding correctly
14 PCR Amplification DNA regions flanked by primers are amplified
15 PCR Amplification Targeted regions are doubled with each round of amplification. Instead of needle in a haystack, after 28 rounds of amplification there is a needle-stack with a piece of hay. Amplified DNA fragments are fluorescently labeled.
16 The ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer
17 ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer: Capillary Electrophoresis DNA pulled towards the positive electrode DNA separated out by size: Large DNA moves slowly Small DNA moves faster Color of STR detected and recorded as it passes the detector Detector Window
18 Profiler Plus: Raw data
19 Profiler Plus DNA profile
20 Reading an electropherogram Peaks correspond to alleles D3 vwa BLUE FGA Amelogenin XX = female XY = male Red = ROX size standard Electropherogram Amelogenin D8 D21 D18 GREEN D5 D13 D7 YELLOW bps RED
21 Reading an electropherogram NUMBER OF PEAKS 1 peak = homozygous 2 peaks = heterozygous 3 or more peaks = mixed sample (?) POSITION OF PEAK Smaller alleles on left Larger alleles on right HEIGHT OF PEAK Proportional to amount of allele S M A L L L A R G E
22 Profiler Plus D3S1358 vwa FGA AMEL D8S1179 D21S11 D18S51 D5S818 D13S317 D7S820
23 SGM+ D3S1358 vwa D16S539 D2S1338 AMEL D8S1179 D21S11 D18S51 D19S433 THO1 FGA
24 Profiler Plus DNA profile
25 What weight should be given to a DNA profile match? Do they have the same source? Is the match a coincidence? Has an error occurred?
26 Generating forensic DNA profiles Dan E. Krane, Wright State University, Dayton, OH Forensic DNA Profiling Video Series Forensic Bioinformatics (
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