Problem Formulation in Environmental Risk Assessment for Genetically Modified Crops

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Problem Formulation in Environmental Risk Assessment for Genetically Modified Crops"

Transcription

1 Problem Formulation in Environmental Risk Assessment for Genetically Modified Crops Alan Gray Centre for Ecology and Hydrology UK The genetic basis of unintended effects in modified plants Ottawa, January 2014

2 In this talk: Take-home messages Problem Formulation Unintended environmental effects Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this presentation are mine and not necessarily shared by any organisation with which I am, or have been, associated

3 Take-home messages (1) * Because ERA for GM crops deals almost exclusively with the phenotype it considers all traits altered by transformation * Traits have been characterised during growing trials and product development * ERA thus embraces both intended and unintended effects of transformation

4 Main traits of interest in multi-site trials of GM plant and comparator Regeneration niche traits seed development /yield, shattering, dormancy, germination rates Competitiveness traits seedling vigour, growth rate, days to flowering, plant height/yield, plant-insect/disease interactions, etc

5 Data from plant characterisation trials can be used to test several general hypotheses e.g. will the modified crop be more weedy or invasive than its non-modified counterpart Further data will be required to test hypotheses relating to intended effects (e.g. novel protein expression, effects on NTOs etc)

6 Take-home messages (2) * ERA considers the collateral effects of cultivating a GM crop on a large scale * Problem Formulation aims to identify which effects may cause harm and to devise a plan to analyse the risk of the harm being realised * Some outcomes of large-scale cultivation, negative or beneficial, GM or non-gm, may be unintended Problem Formulation is designed to capture the potentially harmful ones

7 Common components of ERA frameworks (after Hill 2005) 1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION The what could go wrong step 2 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT The how likely is it to happen step 4 RISK CHARACTERISATION The what is the risk step 3 CONSEQUENCES ASSESSMENT The would it be a problem step

8 Simple schematic of ERA (after US EPA) PROBLEM FORMULATION (includes identification of assessment endpoints, risk hypotheses and analysis plan) EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT (levels and likelihood of exposure) RISK CHARACTERISATION HAZARD ASSESSMENT (effects testing or consequences assessment)

9 Problem context PROBLEM FORMULATION The ILSI framework (Wolt et al 2010) Problem definition Communication and consultation Risk characterization Likelihood of exposure Risk evaluation conclusions RISK ASSESSMENT Risk treatment Consequence of exposure Monitoring and review Problem context develops the parameters and identifies constraints for the ERA Problem definition shapes the ERA into a tractable form for analysis mitigation options & actions

10 Problem Formulation starts with the identification of protection goals (environmental objectives defined by policy, law, statutes or guidelines) From these we derive assessment endpoints (explicit expressions of the environmental value to be protected a valued ecological entity and its attributes e.g. beneficial insect abundance

11 Protection goal conservation of insect pollinators Assessment endpoint the abundance of bumblebees Protection goal weed-free crops Assessment endpoint the abundance of in-field weeds

12 We then generate an exposure scenario or pathway to harm (describing the link between the GM crop and the assessment endpoint, enabling characterisation of risk) This pathway can be expressed as a set of risk hypotheses (tentative explanations taken to be true for the purpose of argument e.g. GMHT canola will not be a worse volunteer weed than conventional canola) The process can be aided by conceptual models

13 ..which may be simple PATHWAY TO HARM RISK HYPOTHESES HT soybean produces seed Seed disperses to natural habitats HT soybean establishes in natural habitats HT soybean persists and spreads more than non-ht counterpart HT soybean displaces species or reduces valued species HT soybean does not produce seed Seed does not disperse to natural habitats HT soybean does not establish in natural habitats HT soybean does not persist and spread more than non-ht soybean HT soybean does not displace species or reduce valued species ANAYSIS PLAN Assess comparative performance of HT and non-ht soybean for unintended effects during product development (e.g. weedy traits)

14 Bt Corn Production and Distribution Pollen Characterization Bt expression Pollen Shed Timing, Duration, Intensity Environmental Dispersal or more complex Monarch Occurrence & Distribution Region Landscape Habitat Behavior Oviposition Feeding Environmental Exposure Milkweed Occurrence and Distribution Region Landscape Habitat Sears et al. PNAS 98: , Monarch Effect Lethal Sub lethal Risk

15 For definition of terms, framework etc. Wolt JD, Keese P, Raybould AF, Fitzpatrick JW, Burachik M, Gray AJ, Olin SS, Schiemann J, Sears M & Wu F (2010) Problem formulation in the environmental risk assessment for genetically modified plants. Transgenic Research 19: Also Raybould AF (2011) The bucket and the searchlight: Formulating and testing risk hypotheses about the weediness and invasive potential of transgenic crops, Environmental Biosafety Research 9:

16 The steps in Problem Formulation can be expressed as four questions * 1 What do we not want to see harmed? What must be protected? 2 Can we envision a way in which they could be harmed? 3 How can we assess whether they are likely to be harmed? 4 Does it matter? *Gray AJ (2012) Collection of Biosafety Reviews

17 Problem formulation in ERA for GM crops QUESTION PROBLEM FORMULATION 1 What do we not want to see harmed? What must be protected? 2 Can we envision a way in which they could be harmed? 3 How can we assess whether they are likely to be harmed? Identify assessment endpoints from protection goals Trace pathways to harm and develop conceptual models Formulate risk hypotheses and devise analysis plans 4 Does it matter? Decide regulatory context

18 For application and worked examples.. Gray AJ (2012) Problem Formulation in Environmental Risk Assessment for genetically modified crops: a practitioner s approach. Collection of Biosafety Reviews 6:10-65 Also Tepfer M, Racovita M & Craig W (2013) Putting problem formulation at the forefront of GMO risk analysis. GM Crops and Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain 4:1-6

19 Unintended environmental effects * Large-scale cultivation of novel crops is likely to have novel effects, arising from new varieties and/or changes in management * Some effects will be unintended sensu unplanned but not unforeseen (e.g. evolution of pest resistance) and form part of the ERA * Others may be unintended sensu unexpected * Problem Formulation aims to identify possible harmful effects, providing a tool for decision making about the cultivation of the crop

20 The challenge for ecology is to improve our understanding of the effects of agricultural changes For example the huge changes in grassland management in the UK (haystacks->bales-> silage ; permanent pasture -> temporary leys)

21 .and in cereal and other arable farming (e,g. harvesting methods, spring-> winter crops).and in dairy and beef production

22 ..have been accompanied by declines in biodiversity (as indicated for example by a huge decline in some farmland bird species) But agri-environment schemes are indicating species need specific management to reverse these declines (e.g. Hicks et al (2013) Aspects of Applied Biology 121 Rethinking Agricultural Systems in the UK, pp )

23 Not all unexpected effects are harmful - changes in cultivation of Canadian canola with increase in HT varieties Conventional Conservation No-till Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture (with thanks to Phil Macdonald)

When applying risk assessment and

When applying risk assessment and commentaries GM Crops and Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain 4:1, 1-6; January/February/March 2013; 2013 Landes Bioscience commentary Putting problem formulation at the forefront of

More information

GM Crops and Biodiversity is this solely a GM issue?

GM Crops and Biodiversity is this solely a GM issue? GM Crops and Biodiversity is this solely a GM issue? Brian Johnson Former Head of Biotechnology Unit English Nature Why does farmland biodiversity matter? A high proportion of our natural biodiversity

More information

GUIDANCE ON RISK ASSESSMENT OF LIVING MODIFIED ORGANISMS AND MONITORING IN THE CONTEXT OF RISK ASSESSMENT

GUIDANCE ON RISK ASSESSMENT OF LIVING MODIFIED ORGANISMS AND MONITORING IN THE CONTEXT OF RISK ASSESSMENT CBD CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SERVING AS THE MEETING OF THE PARTIES TO THE CARTAGENA PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY Eighth meeting Cancun, Mexico, 4-17 December 2016 Item

More information

In this talk: Why monitor GM crops? The system in the European Union Some concerns about monitoring

In this talk: Why monitor GM crops? The system in the European Union Some concerns about monitoring Post Release Environmental Monitoring (PREM) Alan Gray Centre for Ecology and Hydrology UK ajg@ceh.ac.uk May 17 2011 New Delhi In this talk: Why monitor GM crops? The system in the European Union Some

More information

APPLICATION FOR CONFINED FIELD TRIAL

APPLICATION FOR CONFINED FIELD TRIAL APPLICATION FOR CONFINED FIELD TRIAL INSTRUCTIONS: This application form must be completed for each plant species. The application may include more than one event of the same plant species as long as the

More information

GMO Crops, Trade Wars, and a New Site Specific Mutagensis System. A. Lawrence Christy, Ph.D.

GMO Crops, Trade Wars, and a New Site Specific Mutagensis System. A. Lawrence Christy, Ph.D. GMO Crops, Trade Wars, and a New Site Specific Mutagensis System A. Lawrence Christy, Ph.D. Background PhD in Plant Physiology from Ohio State University 12 years with Monsanto R&D in PGR s and herbicides

More information

GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) CROPS AND BIOSAFETY** Prof S.Kannaiyan*

GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) CROPS AND BIOSAFETY** Prof S.Kannaiyan* 1 GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) CROPS AND BIOSAFETY** Prof S.Kannaiyan* Introduction: Biotechnology is emerging as one of the most innovative achievements in the life sciences and influencing almost every

More information

CODE OF CONDUCT Principles of Quality Assurance in Beet Seed Production

CODE OF CONDUCT Principles of Quality Assurance in Beet Seed Production CODE OF CONDUCT Principles of Quality Assurance in Beet Seed Production (Version of 22 October 2007, amended in October 2014) Summary The principles of quality assurance and measures highlighted in this

More information

ROUNDUP READY CANOLA CROP MANAGEMENT PLAN (CMP)

ROUNDUP READY CANOLA CROP MANAGEMENT PLAN (CMP) ROUNDUP READY CANOLA CROP MANAGEMENT PLAN (CMP) Objective. The Roundup Ready canola Crop Management Plan details strategies that can be implemented on-farm to manage risks to the integrity of grain supply-chains

More information

GMO Answers: Get to Know GMOs

GMO Answers: Get to Know GMOs GMO Answers: Get to Know GMOs Introducing GMO Answers Answering Consumers Questions Social Media Social Media Resources: Materials, Visuals & Videos Visit GMOAnswers.com/educational-resources to download,

More information

Bees: Earth s Backbone

Bees: Earth s Backbone What does agricultural production, biodiversity, and habitat creation for animals have in common? The answer is simple, they are all dependent upon bees and require the useful services of pollination to

More information

2013 COEXISTENCE PLAN

2013 COEXISTENCE PLAN COEXISTENCE PLAN for Alfalfa Hay in Eastern Canada Planning for Choice 2013 NOTICE This document is made available to you, the reader, conditioned on your acceptance of the terms below, and by your retention

More information

BIOSAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

BIOSAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES BIOSAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Muiru, W.M University of Nairobi Department of Plant Science & Crop Protection University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 1 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke Definitions Biosafety

More information

Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology in the United States: Overview

Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology in the United States: Overview Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology in the United States: Overview Webinar for: National Agricultural Law Center July 15, 2015 Michael J. Firko, Ph.D. APHIS Deputy Administrator (BRS) History of Plant

More information

Transgenic Rapeseed: Research and Management in China

Transgenic Rapeseed: Research and Management in China Transgenic Rapeseed: Research and Management in China Changming Lu (Oilcrops research institute, CAAS, Wuhan, China) Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the the most studied species in genetic engineering.

More information

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION. of 23 July 2003

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION. of 23 July 2003 COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 23 July 2003 C(2003) COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of 23 July 2003 on guidelines for the development of national strategies and best practices to ensure the

More information

Innovations in Plant Breeding

Innovations in Plant Breeding Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD 13/15 Chaussée de la Muette 75016 Paris France Tel. +33 (0)1 42 30 09 60 Fax +33 (0)1 42 88 78 38 email: biac@biac.org www.biac.org Innovations in Plant

More information

Early steps in environmental risk assessment for genetic biocontrol

Early steps in environmental risk assessment for genetic biocontrol Early steps in environmental risk assessment for genetic biocontrol As you listen, consider: What research should be done in the near term to improve carrying out an ERA in the future? Anne R. Kapuscinski,

More information

Non GMO Crop Production. Joe Lawrence

Non GMO Crop Production. Joe Lawrence Non GMO Crop Production Joe Lawrence 1 Crops of Potential Interest: DAIRY Field Crops where certain varieties/hybrids contain GE Traits Corn Cotton Alfalfa Canola Soybean Sugar Beets Conventional term

More information

Regulation of New Plant Breeding Techniques in Canada and the United States

Regulation of New Plant Breeding Techniques in Canada and the United States Regulation of New Plant Breeding Techniques in Canada and the United States New Breeding Techniques RNA interference Cisgenesis and intragenesis Oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis Grafting (on transgenic

More information

Regulations and safety assessment for genetically modified foods and feeds in Taiwan

Regulations and safety assessment for genetically modified foods and feeds in Taiwan Regulations and safety assessment for genetically modified foods and feeds in Taiwan Wen-Shen Chu Food Industry Research and Development Institute 21 July, 2016 1 Contents Overview of Taiwan Regulatory

More information

Spread of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape Relevance for Schleswig-Holstein Land, Germany

Spread of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape Relevance for Schleswig-Holstein Land, Germany Spread of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape Relevance for Schleswig-Holstein Land, Germany Ulrike Middelhoff, Wilhelm Windhorst, Ecology Centre, University of Kiel, Germany e-mail: uli@ecology.uni-kiel.de

More information

Co-existence of GM and non GM crops: economic and market perspectives

Co-existence of GM and non GM crops: economic and market perspectives Co-existence of GM and non GM crops: economic and market perspectives Graham Brookes Brookes West, Canterbury, UK The use of the technology of genetic modification (GM) in European agriculture and the

More information

24. Wildlife Habitat on Farmland

24. Wildlife Habitat on Farmland 24. Wildlife Habitat on Farmland AUTHORS: S.K. Javorek, R. Antonowitsch, C. Callaghan, M. Grant and T. Weins INDICATOR NAME: Wildlife Habitat on Farmland Indicator STATUS: National coverage, 1981 to 2001

More information

*Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Switzerland

*Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Switzerland Reduced tillage in organic farming systems in Europe: lessons learnt from the TILMAN- ORG project Paul Mäder, FiBL* (paul.maeder@fibl.org) Christophe David, ISARA Andreas Fliessbach, FiBL* Paolo Bàrberi,

More information

Better canola - industry support for the canola industry

Better canola - industry support for the canola industry Better canola - industry support for the canola industry S.J. Marcroft 1, S.Knights 2 1 Marcroft Grains Pathology P/L, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia. 2 S.E.Knights, Grains Innovation

More information

Challenges pertaining to the comparative assessment of potential adverse effects of GM

Challenges pertaining to the comparative assessment of potential adverse effects of GM Challenges pertaining to the comparative assessment of potential adverse effects of GM plants on non-target organisms Salvatore ARPAIA - ENEA Challenging boundaries in risk assessment sharing experiences

More information

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the first common policy adopted by the

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the first common policy adopted by the Evaluation of Agricultural Policy Reforms in the European Union OECD 2011 Executive Summary The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the first common policy adopted by the European Community under the Treaty

More information

Unapproved Genetically Modified Wheat Discovered in Oregon: Status and Implications

Unapproved Genetically Modified Wheat Discovered in Oregon: Status and Implications Unapproved Genetically Modified Wheat Discovered in Oregon: Status and Implications Tadlock Cowan Analyst in Natural Resources and Rural Development June 7, 2013 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members

More information

Testimony of the Biotechnology Industry Organization. Submitted to the California Assembly Committee on Agriculture.

Testimony of the Biotechnology Industry Organization. Submitted to the California Assembly Committee on Agriculture. Testimony of the Biotechnology Industry Organization Submitted to the California Assembly Committee on Agriculture Regarding Assembly Bill 984: Manufacturer Liability On behalf of the members of the Biotechnology

More information

Environmental monitoring plan for soybean MON 89788

Environmental monitoring plan for soybean MON 89788 Environmental monitoring plan for soybean MON 89788 1. Introduction The GMO panel has carried out the scientific assessment of the genetically modified soybean MON89788 and considered that the soybean

More information

Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 2002 Feature: Bt Maize

Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 2002 Feature: Bt Maize I S A A A INTERNATIONAL SERVICE FOR THE ACQUISITION OF AGRI-BIOTECH APPLICATIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 2002 Feature: Bt Maize by Clive James Chair, ISAAA Board

More information

Modelling The Effect of Changing Weather Patterns on Farming Operations Databases and Logic

Modelling The Effect of Changing Weather Patterns on Farming Operations Databases and Logic Modelling The Effect of Changing Weather Patterns on Farming Operations Databases and Logic Dan MacDonald, Ruth Waldick, Sampsa Hamalainen AAFC, Ottawa, Scott Mitchell, Anna Zaytseva Carleton University

More information

HIDDEN UNCERTAINTIES. What the European Commission doesn t want us to know about the risks of GMOs

HIDDEN UNCERTAINTIES. What the European Commission doesn t want us to know about the risks of GMOs HIDDEN UNCERTAINTIES What the European Commission doesn t want us to know about the risks of GMOs April 2006 Executive Summary Following a legal request by Friends of the Earth, the European Commission

More information

Ecosystem services from dairy farms

Ecosystem services from dairy farms Ecosystem services from dairy farms Pasture, grasslands and carbon sequestration from a different angle A Swedish perspective Pernilla Tidåker SLU & RISE Ecosystem services Benefits that ecosystems provide

More information

Intensification and Agroforestry. What solution for cacao systems?

Intensification and Agroforestry. What solution for cacao systems? Intensification and Agroforestry What solution for cacao systems? Intensification for cocoa systems today Intensification or how to produce more and faster on the same piece of land A - To increase the

More information

Horticulture Research in Europe to 2020 and beyond

Horticulture Research in Europe to 2020 and beyond European Plant Science Organisation www.epsoweb.org Draft White Paper Horticulture Research in Europe to 2020 and beyond Brussels, 11.9.2014 Horticulture makes a major positive contribution to modern European

More information

benefits of bt cotton in burkina faso

benefits of bt cotton in burkina faso Burkina Faso 2015 was the eighth year for farmers in Burkina Faso to benefit significantly from Bt cotton (Bollgard II ). The total Bt cotton planted in Burkina Faso in 2015 was 350,000 hectares, or 50%

More information

DLF Forages SEED YOUR EXPECTATIONS. Product Guide. Grasshancer TM

DLF Forages SEED YOUR EXPECTATIONS. Product Guide. Grasshancer TM DLF Forages Grasshancer TM Product Guide SEED YOUR EXPECTATIONS INTRODUCING GRASSHANCE GRASSHANCE [gras-hans] (verb) 1. enhancing with grass. Grasshance your forage production. Origin of Grasshance Improving

More information

DEPARTMENT OF SOIL AND CROP SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF SOIL AND CROP SCIENCES Department of Soil and Crop Sciences 1 DEPARTMENT OF SOIL AND CROP SCIENCES Master of Science in Soil and Crop Sciences, Plan B* Ph.D. Ph.D. in Soil and Crop Sciences* * Please see department for program

More information

GMOs are NOT: GMOs are: Plants that were improved through artificial selection processes like cross breeding, hybridization, or mutagenesis.

GMOs are NOT: GMOs are: Plants that were improved through artificial selection processes like cross breeding, hybridization, or mutagenesis. GMO Crop Table GMOs are: GMOs are NOT: Plants with one or more genetic characteristics that were inserted into the genome using biotechnology. Plants that were improved through artificial selection processes

More information

Genetically modified sugarcane and Eldana. Sandy Snyman Agronomist s Association Annual Symposium 27 October 2015

Genetically modified sugarcane and Eldana. Sandy Snyman Agronomist s Association Annual Symposium 27 October 2015 Genetically modified sugarcane and Eldana Sandy Snyman Agronomist s Association Annual Symposium 27 October 2015 GM=Genetically modified What is GM? DNA/gene from one source is transferred to another organism

More information

Rules and Regulations on GMO-derived food products in the European Union Lynn Insall UK Food and Drink Federation

Rules and Regulations on GMO-derived food products in the European Union Lynn Insall UK Food and Drink Federation Rules and Regulations on GMO-derived food products in the European Union Lynn Insall UK Food and Drink Federation Food Safety Workshop, Cairo, 17 April 2005 About the UK Food and Drink Manufacturing Industry

More information

Product Safety Assessment Herculex RW Rootworm Protection

Product Safety Assessment Herculex RW Rootworm Protection Product Safety Assessment Herculex RW Rootworm Protection Select a Topic: Names Product Overview Manufacture of Product: Plant Transformation Process Product Description Product Uses Exposure Potential

More information

Methodology. Edelman Berland was commissioned by Syngenta to conduct this global research. 2

Methodology. Edelman Berland was commissioned by Syngenta to conduct this global research. 2 Methodology Edelman Berland was commissioned by Syngenta to conduct this global research. 2 Key findings There is consensus that the need to produce more food for a growing global population in an environmentally

More information

Recommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson:

Recommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson: Unit G: Pest Management Lesson 1: Understanding Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives: 1.

More information

Denise F. Dostatny National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute Błonie Warszawa Poland

Denise F. Dostatny National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute Błonie Warszawa Poland Denise F. Dostatny National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute 05-870 Błonie Warszawa Poland e-mail: d.dostatny@ihar.edu.pl 7th INTERNATIONAL WEED SCIENCE CONGRESS

More information

Restoration Ecology, Part 2 Lecture 19 Spring 2014

Restoration Ecology, Part 2 Lecture 19 Spring 2014 Restoration Ecology, Part 2 Lecture 19 Spring 2014 Restoration Ecology 1 Major questions: Will an ecosystem return to the same ecosystem after disturbance? Succession How is balance maintained in food

More information

Risk Assessment and Management in Transgenic Crops

Risk Assessment and Management in Transgenic Crops Risk Assessment and Management in Transgenic Crops P. Balasubramanian Director Centre for Plant Molecular Biology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641 003 Status of Development of Bt Brinjal

More information

Genetically Modified Crops

Genetically Modified Crops page 1/16 Scientific Facts on Genetically Modified Crops Source document: FAO (2004) Summary & Details: GreenFacts Level 2 - Details on Genetically Modified Crops 1. What is agricultural biotechnology?...3

More information

Crop responses to temperature t and precipitation at high latitudes

Crop responses to temperature t and precipitation at high latitudes Crop responses to temperature t and precipitation at high latitudes Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio MTT Agrifood Research Finland International Symposium on Climate Change and Adaptation Options in Agriculture Full

More information

Review Article Risks and Precautions of Genetically Modified Organisms

Review Article Risks and Precautions of Genetically Modified Organisms International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Ecology Volume 2011, Article ID 369573, 13 pages doi:10.5402/2011/369573 Review Article Risks and Precautions of Genetically Modified Organisms Dhan Prakash,

More information

All farmers subject to greening. Crop Diversification Permanent grassland Ecological focus area (EFA)

All farmers subject to greening. Crop Diversification Permanent grassland Ecological focus area (EFA) All farmers subject to greening Crop Diversification Permanent grassland Ecological focus area (EFA) Payment calculated as percentage of BPS payment approx. 45% of top-up to BPS payment. Greening payable

More information

cogem report cgm/ general surveillance Cogem commissie genetische modificatie

cogem report cgm/ general surveillance Cogem commissie genetische modificatie commissie Cogem genetische modificatie cogem report cgm/100226-01 general surveillance independent scientific advice and information for the dutch government The Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and

More information

Chapter 5. The Carriage of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops

Chapter 5. The Carriage of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops Chapter 5 The Carriage of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops The term GMO (genetically modified organism) refers to any organism whose genetic makeup has been altered using genetic engineering. In the instance

More information

Why Biotech Solutions are Needed to Address Forest Health. Steve Strauss Oregon State University / USA

Why Biotech Solutions are Needed to Address Forest Health. Steve Strauss Oregon State University / USA Why Biotech Solutions are Needed to Address Forest Health Steve Strauss Oregon State University / USA Why advocate for recdna tech? Science rdna starts from nature Innovation Builds on nature to enhance

More information

What is Biotechnology?

What is Biotechnology? What is Biotechnology? Biotechnology is a modern technology that makes use of organisms (or parts thereof) to: make or modify products; improve and develop microorganisms, plants or animals; or develop

More information

Why are extensive grazing systems disappearing? Understanding socio economic drivers Findings from Pays d Auge (France)

Why are extensive grazing systems disappearing? Understanding socio economic drivers Findings from Pays d Auge (France) Why are extensive grazing systems disappearing? Understanding socio economic drivers Findings from Pays d Auge (France) Vilm 21 Sept. 2010 Soizic JEAN-BAPTISTE Blandine RAMAIN, EFNCP How to advance in

More information

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY IN THE FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES FOR RESEARCH

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY IN THE FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES FOR RESEARCH BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY IN THE FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES FOR RESEARCH John Claxton European Commission *, SDME 8/06, B-1049, Brussels, Belgium. John.Claxton@cec.eu.int Summary Collaborative research

More information

TIEE Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology - Volume 2, August 2004

TIEE Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology - Volume 2, August 2004 TIEE Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology - Volume 2, August 2004 ISSUES FIGURE SET What Are the Ecological Impacts of Plant Biotechnology? Dara Zycherman 1 * and Jason Taylor 2 1 - U.S. Green Building

More information

Switchgrass for Forage and Bioenergy

Switchgrass for Forage and Bioenergy Switchgrass for Forage and Bioenergy Rob Mitchell, Research Agronomist, USDA Agricultural Research Service Bruce Anderson, Extension Forage Specialist, UNL Daren Redfearn, Forage and Crop Residue Systems

More information

LIMITED IRRIGATION OF FOUR SUMMER CROPS IN WESTERN KANSAS. Alan Schlegel, Loyd Stone, and Troy Dumler Kansas State University SUMMARY

LIMITED IRRIGATION OF FOUR SUMMER CROPS IN WESTERN KANSAS. Alan Schlegel, Loyd Stone, and Troy Dumler Kansas State University SUMMARY LIMITED IRRIGATION OF FOUR SUMMER CROPS IN WESTERN KANSAS Alan Schlegel, Loyd Stone, and Troy Dumler Kansas State University SUMMARY Research was initiated under sprinkler irrigation to evaluate limited

More information

Concept of Organic Farming S S R A N A S R S C I E N T I S T

Concept of Organic Farming S S R A N A S R S C I E N T I S T S S R A N A S R S C I E N T I S T Concept 2 Organic farming endorses the concept that the soil, plant, animals and human beings are linked. In philosophical terms organic farming means farming in sprits

More information

ISPC Assessment of the Wheat Agri-Food System (WHEAT) CRP-II revised proposal ( )

ISPC Assessment of the Wheat Agri-Food System (WHEAT) CRP-II revised proposal ( ) 14 September 2016 ISPC Assessment of the Wheat Agri-Food System (WHEAT) CRP-II revised proposal (2017-2022) ISPC CRP RATING 1 : A- 1. Summary The CRP aims to increase the annual rate of yield increase

More information

Our planet on the plate. Markus Wolter, WWF Deutschland

Our planet on the plate. Markus Wolter, WWF Deutschland Our planet on the plate Markus Wolter, WWF Deutschland Key Topics Why does WWF work in the area of meat and food waste? Virtual land trade of the EU and Germany Nutrition habits on trial Meat consumption

More information

Revision of the European Seed Law

Revision of the European Seed Law Revision of the European Seed Law The Needs of the Organic Breeding Sector SANTE Advisory Group Brussels, January 30th 2015 Gebhard Rossmanith, CEO Bingenheimer Saatgut AG member of IFOAM EU Group Seed

More information

Chapter 12: Effects of Agriculture on the Environment

Chapter 12: Effects of Agriculture on the Environment Chapter 12: Effects of Agriculture on the Environment How Agriculture Changes the Environment Major environmental problems Soil erosion Sediment transport and deposition downstream On-site pollution from

More information

1 Introduction 2 BASF Crop Protection 3 BASF Plant Biotechnology Dr. Peter Eckes President, BASF Plant Science

1 Introduction 2 BASF Crop Protection 3 BASF Plant Biotechnology Dr. Peter Eckes President, BASF Plant Science 1 1 Introduction 2 BASF Crop Protection 3 BASF Plant Biotechnology Dr. Peter Eckes President, BASF Plant Science The GM success story continues Global GM crop area in million hectares; 1 ha = 2.47 acres

More information

Valuation of livestock eco-agri-food systems: poultry, beef and dairy

Valuation of livestock eco-agri-food systems: poultry, beef and dairy Valuation of livestock eco-agri-food systems: poultry, beef and dairy TEEB for Agriculture & Food expert Workshop Brussels 8 September 2015, Willy Baltussen & Arianne de Blaeij Acknowledgement Study has

More information

National Forage and Grassland Assessment

National Forage and Grassland Assessment National Forage and Grassland Assessment Report Prepared by: Douglas Yungblut, Ph.D., P.Ag. Yungblut & Associates Inc. Final Report June, 2012 Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 2 2. INTRODUCTION...

More information

Agricultural Science Past Exam Questions Crop Production Higher Level

Agricultural Science Past Exam Questions Crop Production Higher Level Agricultural Science Past Exam Questions Crop Production Higher Level 2013 Question 1 Part (a) (b) List three advantages of sowing maize under plastic. 2013 Question 3 Option 1 (a) The common wild oat

More information

GMO CONTAMINATION PREVENTION

GMO CONTAMINATION PREVENTION UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Southwest Research and Outreach Center GMO CONTAMINATION PREVENTION What Does it Take? By Jim Riddle, Organic Outreach Coordinator Best Management Practices for Producers of GMO

More information

FARMLAND: ARABLE FARMLAND, ARABLE FIELD MARGINS AND IMPROVED GRASSLAND

FARMLAND: ARABLE FARMLAND, ARABLE FIELD MARGINS AND IMPROVED GRASSLAND FARMLAND: ARABLE FARMLAND, ARABLE FIELD MARGINS AND IMPROVED GRASSLAND AUTHOR: LEAD AGENCY: Nick Tribe English Nature The Maltings Wharf Road Grantham Lincolnshire NG31 6BH MOST RECENT UPDATE: July 2005

More information

10 Million Acres of Opportunity. Planning for a decade of sustainable growth and innovation in the Canadian soybean industry

10 Million Acres of Opportunity. Planning for a decade of sustainable growth and innovation in the Canadian soybean industry 10 Million Acres of Opportunity Planning for a decade of sustainable growth and innovation in the Canadian soybean industry Canada s soybean sector is poised for explosive growth. We welcome your input

More information

! Modern technology allows for the insertion of desirable genes into target organism genomes (recombinant DNA)

! Modern technology allows for the insertion of desirable genes into target organism genomes (recombinant DNA) 1! Farmers have been genetically modifying plants for 1000s of years Artificial selection propagates bad traits with the good Most recently, trying to eliminate bad traits! Modern technology allows for

More information

Guidelines on the management of farmland in Natura 2000

Guidelines on the management of farmland in Natura 2000 Guidelines on the management of farmland in Natura 2000 Eeeurpean European Commission DGENV B3 Oliviero Spinelli Comunità Ambiente Farming and Natura 2000 More than 15 million hectares of land in Natura

More information

A Landscape Perspective on Pheasant Biology and Habitat Needs

A Landscape Perspective on Pheasant Biology and Habitat Needs A Landscape Perspective on Pheasant Biology and Habitat Needs Nicole Davros, Ph.D. Wildlife Research Scientist MN DNR - Farmland Wildlife Populations & Research Group Madelia, MN Natural history Habitat

More information

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SECURITY

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SECURITY BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SECURITY JHILL JOHNS GMASSURE Biosafety Capacity Building Initiative in SADC, Namibia, 17-21 November 2014 Department: Science and Technology REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA OUTLINE 1.

More information

Crop Science Society of America

Crop Science Society of America Crop Science Society of America Grand Challenge Statements Crop science is a highly integrative science employing the disciplines of conventional plant breeding, transgenic crop improvement, plant physiology,

More information

Manure Management Facts Managing Manure within Tillage Systems and Crop Rotations

Manure Management Facts Managing Manure within Tillage Systems and Crop Rotations Manure Management Facts Managing Manure within Tillage Systems and Crop Rotations January 2009 Introduction Manure is a valuable source of nutrients for crop production. Most crop rotations can be designed

More information

Pocket K No. 2. Plant Products of Biotechnology

Pocket K No. 2. Plant Products of Biotechnology Pocket K No. 2 Plant Products of Biotechnology Plant products of biotechnology have been available in the market for 21 years in 2016. These modified crops look like their traditional counterparts, but

More information

ROB MYERS, PH.D. UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AND NORTH CENTRAL SARE

ROB MYERS, PH.D. UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AND NORTH CENTRAL SARE Cover Crop Trends in the U.S. ROB MYERS, PH.D. UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AND NORTH CENTRAL SARE Presentation Outline Why is cover crop adoption increasing so rapidly? What s happening with cover crops for

More information

BRAZILIAN SEED MARKET NEWS. By MNAGRO

BRAZILIAN SEED MARKET NEWS. By MNAGRO BRAZILIAN SEED MARKET NEWS By MNAGRO AGRIBUSINESS IN BRAZIL KEEPS GROWING CONAB, the Brazilian Agriculture Supply government entity recently estimate what should be the last figure for Brazilian grain

More information

1. Wheat stubble burning: Pros and Cons 1 2. Management options for drought-stressed corn 3

1. Wheat stubble burning: Pros and Cons 1 2. Management options for drought-stressed corn 3 Number 40 July 12, 2006 1. Wheat stubble burning: Pros and Cons 1 2. Management options for drought-stressed corn 3 1. Wheat stubble burning: Pros and Cons Wheat producers typically have three main options

More information

Addressing the spatial resolution of agri-environmental indicators in Norway

Addressing the spatial resolution of agri-environmental indicators in Norway Addressing the spatial resolution of agri-environmental indicators in Norway WENDY FJELLSTAD, OSKAR PUSCHMANN AND GRETE STOKSTAD NORWEGIAN FOREST AND LANDSCAPE INSTITUTE ÅS, NORWAY Executive Summary In

More information

Potential impact of crop diversification and biotechnological inventions on the use of micronutrients

Potential impact of crop diversification and biotechnological inventions on the use of micronutrients Potential impact of crop diversification and biotechnological inventions on the use of micronutrients Hillel Magen & Patricia Imas, ICL Fertilizers. Prophecy was given to fools = no more prophets available,

More information

Negative Effects of GM Wheat

Negative Effects of GM Wheat 1 Negative Effects of GM Wheat Prepared by Dustin Benz, Jordan Schmaltz, and Nick Campbell Students at North Dakota State University Report finished April 27, 2004 Prepared for Dale Sullivan and other

More information

Preliminary Risk Assessment of Transgenic Plant Use in Ukraine

Preliminary Risk Assessment of Transgenic Plant Use in Ukraine AgBioForum, 17(2): 191-196. 2014 AgBioForum. Preliminary Risk Assessment of Transgenic Plant Use in Ukraine Oleg V. Novozhylov and Yaroslav B. Blume Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National

More information

Biofuels vs Bioinvasions: Seeding Policy Priorities. Joe DiTomaso, Jacob Barney, Jamie Reaser, Chris Dionigi, and Otto Doering

Biofuels vs Bioinvasions: Seeding Policy Priorities. Joe DiTomaso, Jacob Barney, Jamie Reaser, Chris Dionigi, and Otto Doering Agricultural Outlook Forum Presented: February 18-19, 2010 U.S. Department of Agriculture Biofuels vs Bioinvasions: Seeding Policy Priorities Joe DiTomaso, Jacob Barney, Jamie Reaser, Chris Dionigi, and

More information

NewLeaf Potatoes: Friend or Foe A study of the GMO potato. By Rick Swenson English 320 Final Paper Dr. Sullivan 5/6/04

NewLeaf Potatoes: Friend or Foe A study of the GMO potato. By Rick Swenson English 320 Final Paper Dr. Sullivan 5/6/04 NewLeaf Potatoes: Friend or Foe A study of the GMO potato By Rick Swenson English 320 Final Paper Dr. Sullivan 5/6/04 Introduction: In 1995 a new potato variety was introduced to the market, this new potato

More information

In a decision that has outraged organic and conventional alfalfa

In a decision that has outraged organic and conventional alfalfa Ready or Not, Genetically Engineered Crops Explode on Market USDA allows new GE crops over objections of growers, environmentalists, manufacturers, and retailers By Stephanie Davio and Jay Feldman In a

More information

Northwest District PAC Issue Identification Agriculture/Natural Resources & Rural Development 2017Program Year

Northwest District PAC Issue Identification Agriculture/Natural Resources & Rural Development 2017Program Year Northwest District PAC Issue Identification Agriculture/Natural Resources & Rural Development 2017Program Year DASNR Initiative Key Comp onent Issues(s) SMALL GRAINS FORAGE CATTLE FLIES UNDERSTANDING FUTURES

More information

PROS AND CONS OF GMO FOODS

PROS AND CONS OF GMO FOODS PROS AND CONS OF GMO FOODS DUNAREA DE JOS UNIVERSITY OF GALATI 1 GMO s... organisms in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination

More information

Certified Non-GMO by AGW

Certified Non-GMO by AGW Certified Non-GMO by AGW The following Certified Non-GMO by AGW standards are an optional addition to the individual Animal Welfare Approved by AGW livestock standards. In order for products to be approved

More information

THE HIDDEN TRUTH Spain Castilla y León Environmental impact of new Rural Development Programmes

THE HIDDEN TRUTH Spain Castilla y León Environmental impact of new Rural Development Programmes THE HIDDEN TRUTH Spain Castilla y León Environmental impact of new Rural Development Programmes 2014-2020 One of the overarching aims of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform was to make it deliver more

More information

CROP PRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Successes and Challenges SUMMARY

CROP PRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Successes and Challenges SUMMARY CROP PRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Successes and Challenges SUMMARY Background Different scientists have defined the term biotechnology. These definitions reflect the particular perspective of the scientists.

More information

Increasing the share of domestic grain legumes in human diets benefits for cropping and food system sustainability

Increasing the share of domestic grain legumes in human diets benefits for cropping and food system sustainability Increasing the share of domestic grain legumes in human diets benefits for cropping and food system sustainability Georg Carlsson SLU, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Alnarp Legumes contribute

More information

PLNT2530 (2018) Unit 10b. Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture. Insect Resistance

PLNT2530 (2018) Unit 10b. Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture. Insect Resistance PLNT2530 (2018) Unit 10b Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture Insect Resistance Plant Biotechnology Adrian Slater, Nigel Scott and Mark Fowler Chapters 5-10 Unless otherwise cited or referenced,

More information

Video. Growing disparities in incomes among regions. A Degenerating Circle: Poverty, Environment & Economy. Are you able to Apply the Following:

Video. Growing disparities in incomes among regions. A Degenerating Circle: Poverty, Environment & Economy. Are you able to Apply the Following: Managing Biological Resources & Environmental Equality The Business of Hunger Now playing: Kurt Bestor, Sam Cardon Prayer of the Children A man who has bread has many problems, a man without bread has

More information