Biology Test Review Microorganisms

Transcription

1 Name: Period: Biology Test Review Microorganisms Use your booklet, notes, & quizzes to complete this review. 1. Define the following terms using a few key words: a. Host cell - victim of the virus b. Retrovirus c. Viral specificity d. Envelope e. Plasmid f. Prokaryote g. Extremophiles i. Methanogen ii. Thermophile iii. Halophile h. Pathogen i. Virulent j. Temperate k. B cells l. Helper T cells m. Antibodies n. Vaccine o. Antibiotics p. Antivirals

2 2. Place the letter in the box to label the bacterial parts. a. Cell membrane b. Cell wall c. Pili d. DNA e. Ribosomes f. Cytoplasm g. Flagella 3. Why is your skin considered part of the immune system? 4. Bacteria that break down the nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances that are taken up by plant roots are called. 5. Explain the differences between antibiotics, vaccines, & antivirals. Treatment Antibiotics Vaccines Antivirals Viruses Bacteria 6. List 2 main reasons viruses are considered to be nonliving? 7. Why is it important to understand the structure of viruses & bacteria? 8. In what type of molecule do viruses and cells store their genetic information? 9. How does a virus know which host cell to infect? 10. Compare and contrast the lytic AND the lysogenic cycles.

3 11. What features do kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria: a. Have in common: b. Differ in: 12. Sketch the following: a. Diplobacilli b. Staphylococci c. Streptospirilla 13. Gram staining determines the number of. 14. Explain why Gram positive bacteria stain purple, while Gram negative bacteria stain pink. 15. Explain why an infection due to Gram positive bacteria is easier to treat. 16. Explain how B cells and T cells protect you from pathogens. 17. Explain in terms of the virus, why is it possible for people to have a cold or the flu more than once. 18. Once food has gone bad, why does simply cooking it not fix the problem? 19. Explain the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 20. Explain the two ways that bacteria produce disease. Make sure you describe what toxins do. a. Indirect: b. Direct:

4 21. The bacteria that is responsible for the process of nitrogen fixation is. On what plant does this process take place? 22. Why is there concern about overuse of antibacterial products? 23. List & briefly explain the following ways bacteria are helpful. a. Medical products b. Nitrogen fixation c. Chemical pollutants d. Enzyme production e. Food production f. Decomposers g. Digestion 24. Explain how protists are: a. Helpful b. Harmful 25. How are protists classified? 26. All protists are, meaning they live in water. 27. List the three main groups of protists and provide an example of each.

5 28. Label the parts of the Bacteriophage. 29. CIRCLE the name of the part that stores DNA. 30. Label the cells below as: virus, bacteria, animal cell, or plant cell. (One will be used twice.) 31. Match the parts & descriptions of the lytic cycle to the diagram Assembly Injection Adsorption Lysis Replication 6 Results in the death of host cell 7 Virus parts are assembled 8 Virus attaches to host cell 9 Virus injects its DNA into the host cell E 10 Virus s DNA is used by host cell to replicate virus parts 32. If you were developing a medicine to fight diseases caused by viruses, targeting which of the stages above would be most effective? D A B C

6 33. Match the letters in the diagram to the description below. H G A Lytic cycle Lysogenic cycle Host cell lyses, releasing bacteriophage particles Lytic cycle is induced Lysogenic bacterium reproduces by binary fission New bacteriophage DNA and proteins are replicated and assembled by the host cell. Bacteriophage DNA inserts itself into the bacterial chromosome. Bacteriophage attaches to a host cell and injects its DNA into host. 34. What causes a virus to go from a Lysogenic to a Lytic cycle?

7 35. The MAIN difference between the Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle in the diagram in question 28 is that the Lytic Cycle results in. 36. In the virus pictured to the right, what purpose do the projections (surface proteins) serve? 37. Surface proteins on a virus fit like a key in a lock to match the receptor proteins on a host cell. Draw a receptor protein that would match the virus below. 38. Fill in the blanks: Viral diseases can be prevented through the use of. have no effect on viruses because viruses are not.

8 39. Explain how using dead or weakened bacteria in an immunization (vaccine) helps the body prevent infections. 40. In the table below, correctly label the columns as either Prokaryote, Eukaryote, or Virus. Read the steps in the table below. 41. Write the correct sequence in which the steps above occur.