PROTEINS & NUCLEIC ACIDS
|
|
|
- Alison Shelton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 3 Part 2 The Molecules of Cells PROTEINS & NUCLEIC ACIDS Lecture by Dr. Fernando Prince
2 3.11 Nucleic Acids are the blueprints of life Proteins are the machines of life We have already learned that the most abundant substance in the body is water. Today we learn that the second most abundant substance in the body is protein. Proteins have both structural and physiological functions and are amongst the most varied substances in the body. Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
3 Protein Proteins are macromolecules composed of combinations of 20 different types of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds in the order dictated by the genetic code. Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
4 Enzymes are the biological machines that carry out the life s functions Most enzymes are globular proteins that act as biological catalysts that is, they speed up reactions by lowering their activation energy. Enzymes are chemically specific and are named for the reaction they catalyze and characteristically end in ase. Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
5 Mechanism of Enzyme Action Active site Amino acids 1 Enzyme (E) Substrates (s) H 2 0 Enzymesubstrate complex (E S) Free enzyme (E) 2 3 Peptide bond Internal rearrangements leading to catalysis Dipeptide product (P)
6 3.11 Proteins are essential to the structures and functions of life Structural proteins provide associations between body parts (Fibrous) contractile proteins are found within muscle (Fibrous) Defensive proteins include antibodies of the immune system (Globular) signal proteins are best exemplified by the hormones (Globular) Receptor proteins serve as antenna for outside signals (Globular) transport proteins carry oxygen (Globular) Enzymes speed up reactions (Globular) Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
7 3.12 The building blocks of proteins Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids have an amino group and a carboxyl group thus the name, amino acid! Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince.
8 Amino acids are classified as hydrophobic or hydrophilic Leucine (Leu) Hydrophobic Serine (Ser) Hydrophilic Aspartic acid (Asp)
9 3.12 The building blocks of proteins Amino acids are the monomer building blocks that make proteins (polymers). The covalent bond resulting from dehydration synthesis between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of a second amino acid is called a peptide bond. Carboxyl group Amino group Dehydration reaction Peptide bond Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
10 Structural Levels of Proteins DNA the dictator! The sequence of the amino acids is the primary structure of a protein and is dictated by the genetic code found in DNA. Amino acids Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
11 3.14 Hydrogen bonds bend the chain As the chain bends and folds due to atraction from the amino acid side chains the secondary structure becomes evident. There are alpha helixes and beta pleates. Hydrogen bond Alpha helix Pleated sheet Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
12 3.14 The 3D structure of the chain from start to finish The overall three-dimensional shape of a protein is its tertiary structure Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
13 3.14 Some functional proteins need more than one chain When the functional protein must have more than one polypeptide chain that protein has a quaternary structure Hemoglobin is an example of a protein with quaternary structure Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
14 Four Levels of Protein Structure Primary structure Amino acids Hydrogen bond Secondary structure Alpha helix Pleated sheet Tertiary structure Polypeptide (single subunit of transthyretin) Quaternary structure Transthyretin, with four identical polypeptide subunits
15 3.13 Function follows form! The shape of a protein determines its specific function Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
16 3.13 For a protein staying in shape means everything When the shape of a protein is changed permanently it loses its nature, it is Denatured! Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
17 3.15 TALKING ABOUT SCIENCE: Linus Pauling contributed to our understanding of the chemistry of life After winning a Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Pauling spent considerable time studying biological molecules He discovered an oxygen attachment to hemoglobin as well as the cause of sickle-cell disease Pauling also discovered the alpha helix and pleated sheet of proteins Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
18 Nucleic Acids Composed of C, O, H, N, and P Five nitrogen bases contribute to nucleotide structure adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) DNA contains thymine (T) but no uracil (U) RNA contains uracil (U) but no thymine (T) Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
19 3.16 The building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid) Nitrogenous base (adenine) The Structure of a Nucleotide Phosphate group The sugar is a ribose or deoxyribose Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
20 3.16 Nucleic acids are information-rich polymers of nucleotides A nucleic acid polymer, a polynucleotide, forms from the nucleotide monomers when the phosphate of one nucleotide bonds to the sugar of the next nucleotide The result is a repeating sugar-phosphate backbone with protruding nitrogenous bases Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
21 3.16 Nucleic acids are information-rich polymers of nucleotides Two polynucleotide strands wrap around each other to form a DNA double helix The two strands are associated because particular bases always hydrogen bond to one another A pairs with T, and C pairs with G, producing base pairs RNA is usually a single polynucleotide strand Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
22 Sugar-phosphate backbone Nucleotide
23 Structure of DNA Doublestranded helical molecule found in the nucleus of the cell and some other organelles Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince Figure 2.21b
24 Figure 2.21a
25 3.16 Nucleic acids are information-rich polymers of nucleotides A particular nucleotide sequence that can instruct the formation of a polypeptide is called a gene Most DNA molecules consist of millions of base pairs and, consequently, many genes These genes, many of which are unique to the species, determine the structure of proteins and, thus, life s structures and functions Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
26 3.17 EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Lactose tolerance is a recent event in human evolution Mutations are alterations in bases or the sequence of bases in DNA Lactose tolerance is the result of mutations In many people, the gene that dictates lactose utilization is turned off in adulthood Apparently, mutations occurred over time that prevented the gene from turning off This is an excellent example of human evolution Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
27 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Replicates itself before the cell divides, ensuring genetic continuity (during the S phase of the cell cycle) Provides all the instructions for protein synthesis Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
28 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Single-stranded molecule found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell (smaller than DNA, much smaller) Uses the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine Three types of RNA: messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince
29 Molecule used for energy transport, not used for energy storage! Adeninecontaining RNA nucleotide with three phosphate groups Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Copyright 2011 Dr. Fernando Prince Figure 2.22
30
31 You should now be able to 1. Discuss the importance of carbon to life s molecular diversity 2. Describe the chemical groups that are important to life 3. Explain how a cell can make a variety of large molecules from a small set of molecules 4. Define monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides and explain their functions 5. Define lipids, phospholipids, and steroids and explain their functions Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
32 You should now be able to 6. Describe the chemical structure of proteins and their importance to cells 7. Describe the chemical structure of nucleic acids and how they relate to inheritance Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Unit 6: Biomolecules
Unit 6: Biomolecules Name: Period: Test 1 Table of Contents Title of Page Page Number Due Date Unit 6 Warm-Ups 3-4 Unit 6 KUDs 5-6 Biomolecules Cheat Sheet 7 Biomolecules Sorting Review 8-9 Unit 6 Vocabulary
Concept 5.5: Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information
Concept 5.5: Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance called a gene Genes are made of DNA, a nucleic acid
Four levels of protein Structure
Proteins (polypeptides) Four levels of protein Structure Primary Structure (1 structure): Secondary Structure (2 structure): Tertiary Structure (3 structure): Quaternary Structure (4 structure): Proteins
6- Important Molecules of Living Systems. Proteins Nucleic Acids Taft College Human Physiology
6- Important Molecules of Living Systems Proteins Nucleic Acids Taft College Human Physiology Proteins Proteins- made from: C, H, O, N, and S. Proteins are very large molecules composed of long chains
Which diagram represents a DNA nucleotide? A) B) C) D)
3594-1 - Page 1 Name: 1) What is a definition of the term "gene"? A) a transfer-rna nucleotide sequence specific for a particular amino acid B) three messenger-rna nucleotides coded for a specific amino
DNA, Proteins and Protein Synthesis
DNA, Proteins and Protein Synthesis It s what cells do! Biochemical Composition of Living Things Nucleic acids are the instructions for making proteins, proteins make up traits Nucleic Acids - store genetic
Egg Whites. Spider Webs
Put down pencils! Muscles Nails Horns Enzymes Hair Egg Whites Spider Webs What do proteins do? Transport Make Provide up Antibodies Structural in Support your Immune System Example: Hemoglobin carries
Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Name Chapter 5 Guided Reading Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Section 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers 1. The large molecules of all living things
From Gene to Protein
8.2 Structure of DNA From Gene to Protein deoxyribonucleic acid - (DNA) - the ultimate source of all information in a cell This information is used by the cell to produce the protein molecules which are
Proteins: Wide range of func2ons. Polypep2des. Amino Acid Monomers
Proteins: Wide range of func2ons Proteins coded in DNA account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells Protein func9ons structural support storage transport cellular communica9ons movement defense
Steroids. Steroids. Proteins: Wide range of func6ons. lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consis3ng of four fused rings
Steroids Steroids lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consis3ng of four fused rings 3 six sided, and 1 five sided Cholesterol important steroid precursor component in animal cell membranes Although
Four Levels of Protein Structure
Primary structure (1 ) Four Levels of Protein Structure sequence of amino acids Secondary structure (2 ) ini8al folding alpha(α) helices or beta(β) sheets in the polypep8de chain Ter8ary structure (3 )
Page 1. C) DNA molecules, only D) both DNA and RNA molecules. C) nitrogenous bases D) amino acids. C) starch and glycogen D) fats and oils
Name: 1) Which molecules are composed of units known as nucleotides? A) messenger RNA molecules, only B) transfer RNA molecules, only 2) The individuality of an organism is determined by the organism's
Chapter 3 Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
3 Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Chapter 3 Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Key Concepts 3.1 Nucleic Acids Are Informational Macromolecules 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural
Hole s Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Hole s Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology David Shier Jackie Butler Ricki Lewis Created by Dr. Melissa Eisenhauer Head Athletic Trainer/Assistant Professor Trevecca Nazarene University Amended by
Division Ave. High School Ms. Foglia AP Biology. Nucleic acids. AP Biology Nucleic Acids. Information storage
Nucleic acids 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage 2006-2007 1 DNA Nucleic Acids Function: u genetic material stores information w genes w blueprint for building proteins n DNA RNA proteins transfers
Unit 2 Review: DNA, Protein Synthesis & Enzymes
1. One of the functions of DNA is to A. secrete vacuoles.. make copies of itself.. join amino acids to each other. D. carry genetic information out of the nucleus. 2. Two sugars found in nucleic acids
What Are the Chemical Structures and Functions of Nucleic Acids?
THE NUCLEIC ACIDS What Are the Chemical Structures and Functions of Nucleic Acids? Nucleic acids are polymers specialized for the storage, transmission, and use of genetic information. DNA = deoxyribonucleic
DNA and RNA Structure. Unit 7 Lesson 1
Unit 7 Lesson 1 Students will be able to: Explain the structure and function of the DNA and RNA. Illustrate the structure of nucleotide. Summarize the differences between DNA and RNA. Identify the different
Nucleic acids AP Biology
Nucleic acids 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Function: u genetic material DNA stores information w genes w blueprint for building proteins n DNA RNA proteins transfers
Nucleic acids. AP Biology
Nucleic acids 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Nucleic Acids: Function: u genetic material stores information w genes w blueprint for building proteins n DNA DNA RNA proteins transfers information
DNA Structure and Replication, and Virus Structure and Replication Test Review
DNA Structure and Replication, and Virus Structure and Replication Test Review What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA is what type of macromolecule? DNA is a nucleic acid The building blocks
The Structure of Proteins The Structure of Proteins. How Proteins are Made: Genetic Transcription, Translation, and Regulation
How Proteins are Made: Genetic, Translation, and Regulation PLAY The Structure of Proteins 14.1 The Structure of Proteins Proteins - polymer amino acids - monomers Linked together with peptide bonds A
REVISION: DNA, RNA & MEIOSIS 13 MARCH 2013
REVISION: DNA, RNA & MEIOSIS 13 MARCH 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we revise The structure and functions of DNA The structure of RNA and its role in protein synthesis The process of cell division
DNA and RNA are both made of nucleotides. Proteins are made of amino acids. Transcription can be reversed but translation cannot.
INFORMATION TRANSFER Information in cells Properties of information Information must be able to be stored, accessed, retrieved, transferred, read and used. Information is about order, it is basically the
translation The building blocks of proteins are? amino acids nitrogen containing bases like A, G, T, C, and U Complementary base pairing links
The actual process of assembling the proteins on the ribosome is called? translation The building blocks of proteins are? Complementary base pairing links Define and name the Purines amino acids nitrogen
Review of ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Nucleic Acids: DNA Review of ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Definition: Contains CARBON (C) and Hydrogen (H) Large polymers can be made of smaller individual monomers. Ex: For carbohydrates, polysaccharides are large
AP Biology Book Notes Chapter 3 v Nucleic acids Ø Polymers specialized for the storage transmission and use of genetic information Ø Two types DNA
AP Biology Book Notes Chapter 3 v Nucleic acids Ø Polymers specialized for the storage transmission and use of genetic information Ø Two types DNA Encodes hereditary information Used to specify the amino
Nucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ribonucleic acid (RNA) nucleotide
Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction There are two types of nucleic acids: - deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) These
RNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
RNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DNA & RNA Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell. The first step in decoding these genetic messages is to copy part of the nucleotide
What happens after DNA Replication??? Transcription, translation, gene expression/protein synthesis!!!!
What happens after DNA Replication??? Transcription, translation, gene expression/protein synthesis!!!! Protein Synthesis/Gene Expression Why do we need to make proteins? To build parts for our body as
Nucleic Acids. OpenStax College. 1 DNA and RNA
OpenStax-CNX module: m44403 1 Nucleic Acids OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 By the end of this section, you will be
Central Dogma. 1. Human genetic material is represented in the diagram below.
Central Dogma 1. Human genetic material is represented in the diagram below. 4. If 15% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C? A) 15% B) 35% C)
A nucleotide consists of: an inorganic phosphate group (attached to carbon 5 of the sugar) a 5C sugar (pentose) a Nitrogenous (N containing) base
Nucleic Acids! Nucleic acids are found in all living cells and viruses and the two main types are DNA and RNA. They are macromolecules made of chains of nucleotides bonded together. They carry genetic
DNA RNA PROTEIN. Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 11 Illustrations 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. unless otherwise noted
DNA RNA PROTEIN Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 11 Illustrations 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. unless otherwise noted DNA Molecule of heredity Contains all the genetic info our cells inherit Determines
BIOL1020 Study Guide Sample
BIOL1020 Study Guide Sample This study guide covers generally all of the content from weeks 1 to 13 primarily based on the textbook with moderate input from lecture slides. These study notes aim to balance
Molecular Genetics. The flow of genetic information from DNA. DNA Replication. Two kinds of nucleic acids in cells: DNA and RNA.
Molecular Genetics DNA Replication Two kinds of nucleic acids in cells: DNA and RNA. DNA function 1: DNA transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. DNA function 2: DNA controls the functions
NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM. Omidiwura, B.R.O
NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM Omidiwura, B.R.O Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction There are two types of nucleic acids: - deoxyribonucleic acid
BIOLOGY 111. CHAPTER 6: DNA: The Molecule of Life
BIOLOGY 111 CHAPTER 6: DNA: The Molecule of Life Chromosomes and Inheritance Learning Outcomes 6.1 Describe the structure of the DNA molecule and how this structure allows for the storage of information,
From Gene to Protein. Making Sense of DNA
From Gene to Protein Making Sense of DNA The 4 th Macromolecule DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carbohydrates lipids The 4 major organic macromolecules nucleic acids proteins the building blocks of organisms
Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
3 Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Chapter 3 Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Key Concepts 3.1 Nucleic Acids Are Informational Macromolecules 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural
What is necessary for life?
Life What is necessary for life? Most life familiar to us: Eukaryotes FREE LIVING Or Parasites First appeared ~ 1.5-2 10 9 years ago Requirements: DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, complex structure,
DNA and RNA Structure Guided Notes
Nucleic acids, especially DNA, are considered as the key biomolecules that guarantee the continuity of life. DNA is the prime genetic molecule which carry all the hereditary information that's passed from
Proteins and Protein Synthesis body structures, hormones, enzymes & antibodies amino acids sequence number DNA chemical code codon 'initiator'
Proteins and Protein Synthesis - Proteins : large complex molecules that make up body structures, hormones, enzymes & antibodies : are composed of subunits called amino acids : there are 20 different amino
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
http://faculty.uca.edu/~johnc/mbi1440.htm DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis http://www.wappingersschools.org/rck/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/mrna.gif DNA base pairs carry the genetic Section 12-1
What is necessary for life?
Life What is necessary for life? Most life familiar to us: Eukaryotes FREE LIVING Or Parasites First appeared ~ 1.5-2 10 9 years ago Requirements: DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, complex structure,
DNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid
1 DNA 2 DNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid This chemical substance is present in the nucleus of all cells in all living organisms DNA controls all the chemical changes which take place in cells The
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA Living organisms are complex systems. Hundreds of thousands of proteins exist inside each one of us to help carry out our daily functions. These proteins are produced locally,
Prokaryotic Transcription
Prokaryotic Transcription Transcription Basics DNA is the genetic material Nucleic acid Capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA RNA is the middle man Nucleic acid Structure and base sequence are
3.1.5 Nucleic Acids Structure of DNA and RNA
alevelbiology.co.uk 3.1.5 Nucleic Acids 3.1.5.1 Structure of DNA and RNA SPECIFICATION Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are important information-carrying molecules. In all living
Ch 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene
Ch 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene For Next Week Lab -Hand in questions from 4 and 5 by TUES in my mailbox (Biology Office) -Do questions for Lab 6 for next week -Lab practical next week Lecture Read
Bioinformatics. ONE Introduction to Biology. Sami Khuri Department of Computer Science San José State University Biology/CS 123A Fall 2012
Bioinformatics ONE Introduction to Biology Sami Khuri Department of Computer Science San José State University Biology/CS 123A Fall 2012 Biology Review DNA RNA Proteins Central Dogma Transcription Translation
Key Area 1.3: Gene Expression
Key Area 1.3: Gene Expression RNA There is a second type of nucleic acid in the cell, called RNA. RNA plays a vital role in the production of protein from the code in the DNA. What is gene expression?
The Structure and Func.on of Macromolecules Nucleic Acids
The Structure and Func.on of Macromolecules Nucleic Acids The FOUR Classes of Large Biomolecules All living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: Carbohydrates Lipids Protein
9/3/2009. DNA RNA Proteins. DNA Genetic program RNAs Ensure synthesis of proteins Proteins Ensure all cellular functions Carbohydrates (sugars) Energy
Structure Properties Functions of the cell Chemical organization of the cell Based on molecular substrate : DNA contains information RNA ensures protein synthesis Proteins ensure vitality Relations between
Why are proteins important?
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Why are proteins important? proteins help build cell structures some proteins are enzymes that promote biological reactions Proteins are found in muscles, blood, bones, etc.. RNA RNA
Name: Period: Date: BIOLOGY HONORS DNA REVIEW GUIDE (extremely in detail) by Trung Pham. 5. What two bases are classified as purines? pyrimidine?
BIOLOGY HONORS DNA REVIEW GUIDE (extremely in detail) by Trung Pham 1. What is the base pair rule for DNA? RNA? 2. What is the sugar found in RNA called? 3. is replaced by the base uracil in RNA? 4. What
Lecture for Wednesday. Dr. Prince BIOL 1408
Lecture for Wednesday Dr. Prince BIOL 1408 THE FLOW OF GENETIC INFORMATION FROM DNA TO RNA TO PROTEIN Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Genes are expressed as proteins A gene is a segment of DNA that
II. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Located in the nucleus of the cell Codes for your genes Frank Griffith- discovered DNA in 1928
HEREDITY = passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring I. DNA, Chromosomes, Chromatin, and Genes DNA = blueprint of life (has the instructions for making an organism) Chromatin= uncoiled DNA
Read and take notes on pages
Protein Synthesis Read and take notes on pages 336-340 What is protein? Proteins Polypeptide chains of amino acids Are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. They have
Nucleic Acids. By Sarah, Zach, Joanne, and Dean
Nucleic Acids By Sarah, Zach, Joanne, and Dean Basic Functions Carry genetic information (DNA storing it) Protein synthesis Helps in cell division (DNA replicates itself) RNA- numerous functions during
Biology Celebration of Learning (100 points possible)
Name Date Block Biology Celebration of Learning (100 points possible) Matching (1 point each) 1. Codon a. process of copying DNA and forming mrna 2. Genes b. section of DNA coding for a specific protein
Replication Transcription Translation
Replication Transcription Translation A Gene is a Segment of DNA When a gene is expressed, DNA is transcribed to produce RNA and RNA is then translated to produce proteins. Genotype and Phenotype Genotype
Do you think DNA is important? T.V shows Movies Biotech Films News Cloning Genetic Engineering
DNA Introduction Do you think DNA is important? T.V shows Movies Biotech Films News Cloning Genetic Engineering At the most basic level DNA is a set of instructions for protein construction. Structural
Section 14.1 Structure of ribonucleic acid
Section 14.1 Structure of ribonucleic acid The genetic code Sections of DNA are transcribed onto a single stranded molecule called RNA There are two types of RNA One type copies the genetic code and transfers
Review? - What are the four macromolecules?
Review? - What are the four macromolecules? Lipids Carbohydrates Protein Nucleic Acids What is the monomer of nucleic acids and what do nucleic acids make up? Nucleotides; DNA and RNA 12-1 DNA DNA Stands
What is DNA??? DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid IT is a molecule that contains the code for an organism s growth and function
Review DNA and RNA 1) DNA and RNA are important organic compounds found in cells, called nucleic acids 2) Both DNA and RNA molecules contain the following chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Unit 1. DNA and the Genome
Unit 1 DNA and the Genome Gene Expression Key Area 3 Vocabulary 1: Transcription Translation Phenotype RNA (mrna, trna, rrna) Codon Anticodon Ribosome RNA polymerase RNA splicing Introns Extrons Gene Expression
CHAPTER 22: Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith
CHAPTER 22: Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis General, rganic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith CHAPTER 22: Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis Learning bjectives: q Nucleosides & Nucleo@des:
DNA - DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
DNA - DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID blueprint of life (has the instructions for making an organism) established by James Watson and Francis Crick codes for your genes shape of a double helix made of repeating
Lecture Overview. Overview of the Genetic Information. Chapter 3 DNA & RNA Lecture 6
Visual Anatomy & Physiology First Edition Martini & Ober Chapter 3 DNA & RNA Lecture 6 Lecture Overview What is the cell s genetic information? How/where is the genetic information stored in eukaryotic
Resources. How to Use This Presentation. Chapter 10. Objectives. Table of Contents. Griffith s Discovery of Transformation. Griffith s Experiments
How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or
DNA, RNA, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, AND MUTATIONS UNIT GUIDE Due December 9 th. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 16 CBA History of DNA video
DNA, RNA, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, AND MUTATIONS UNIT GUIDE Due December 9 th Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 16 CBA History of DNA video 17 History of DNA 18 Lecture: DNA Structure Worksheet 19 Lecture:
Biology. Biology. Slide 1 of 39. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology Biology 1 of 39 12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis 2 of 39 12 3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins. Genetic messages can be decoded by
Biology. Biology. Slide 1 of 39. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology Biology 1 of 39 12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis 2 of 39 Essential Question What is transcription and translation and how do they take place? 3 of 39 12 3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Genes are coded
Nucleic Acids. Nucleic Acids. Nucleotides. Types of Nucleotides. Function: Examples: Structure: 3 parts. 2 types of nucleotides.
Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids : store & transmit hereditary information : RNA (ribonucleic acid) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Structure: monomers = nucleotides Nucleotides 3 parts nitrogen base (C-N ring)
DNA, RNA and protein synthesis
DNA, RNA and protein synthesis DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid DNA contains all the genetic instructions for making proteins within the cell. Each DNA molecule is made of repeating subunits called nucleotides.
Do you remember. What is a gene? What is RNA? How does it differ from DNA? What is protein?
Lesson 1 - RNA Do you remember What is a gene? What is RNA? How does it differ from DNA? What is protein? Gene Segment of DNA that codes for building a protein DNA code is copied into RNA form, and RNA
DNA, Replication and RNA
DNA, Replication and RNA The structure of DNA DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the blue prints for building all of life. DNA is a long molecule made up of units called NUCLEOTIDES. Each nucleotide is
Chapter 17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Chapter 17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are the components that make up the genetic material DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA is a macromolecule which contains all the
Exam: Structure of DNA and RNA 1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid is abbreviated: a. DRNA b. DNA c. RNA d. MRNA
Exam: Structure of DNA and RNA 1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid is abbreviated: a. DRNA b. DNA c. RNA d. MRNA 2. Which two scientists discovered DNA? a. Mendel and Newton b. Bohr and Crick c. Watson and Crick
Protein Synthesis
HEBISD Student Expectations: Identify that RNA Is a nucleic acid with a single strand of nucleotides Contains the 5-carbon sugar ribose Contains the nitrogen bases A, G, C and U instead of T. The U is
Review of Old Information: What is the monomer and polymer of: Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Lipid Protein
Section 1.8 Question of the Day: Name: Review of Old Information: What is the monomer and polymer of: Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Lipid Protein New Information: One of the most important
DNA vs. RNA B-4.1. Compare DNA and RNA in terms of structure, nucleotides and base pairs.
DNA vs. RNA B-4.1 Compare DNA and RNA in terms of structure, nucleotides and base pairs. Key Concepts l Nucleic Acids: l deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) l ribonucleic acid (RNA) l Nucleotides: l nitrogen base,
Introduction to Cellular Biology and Bioinformatics. Farzaneh Salari
Introduction to Cellular Biology and Bioinformatics Farzaneh Salari Outline Bioinformatics Cellular Biology A Bioinformatics Problem What is bioinformatics? Computer Science Statistics Bioinformatics Mathematics...
BIO 311C Spring Lecture 16 Monday 1 March
BIO 311C Spring 2010 Lecture 16 Monday 1 March Review Primary Structure of a portion of a polypeptide chain backbone of Polypeptide chain R-groups of amino acids Native conformation of a dimeric protein,
Components of DNA. Components of DNA. Aim: What is the structure of DNA? February 15, DNA_Structure_2011.notebook. Do Now.
Aim: What is the structure of DNA? Do Now: Explain the Hershey Chase experiment and what was its conclusion? Homework Read pp. 298 299 P.299 3,4,6.7 Do Now Paperclip Combos Material: 8 paperclips, 2 each
Introduction to DNA and RNA
Introduction to DNA and RNA Biology Standards 4.1-4.2 Compare DNA and RNA in terms of structure, nucleotides, and base pairs. Summarize the relationship among DNA, genes, and chromosomes. Number your notebook
The nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Nucleic acids are macromolecules composed of chains of mononucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds. The nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids are universal
* Hereditary: these molecules are passed from generation to generation.
D) Nucleic Acids - Genetic Material: Carry the info to make proteins act as a blueprint. * Hereditary: these molecules are passed from generation to generation. - Largest molecules in body. - All have
1. An alteration of genetic information is shown below. 5. Part of a molecule found in cells is represented below.
1. An alteration of genetic information is shown below. 5. Part of a molecule found in cells is represented below. A-G-T-A-C-C-G-A-T A-G-T-G-A-T This type of alteration of the genetic information is an
Vocabulary: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) Gene Mutation
STUDENTS WILL: Identify the parts of a DNA molecule and its structure. Explain how DNA copies itself. Describe the structure and function of each kind of RNA. Vocabulary: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) RNA
The study of the structure, function, and interaction of cellular proteins is called. A) bioinformatics B) haplotypics C) genomics D) proteomics
Human Biology, 12e (Mader / Windelspecht) Chapter 21 DNA Which of the following is not a component of a DNA molecule? A) a nitrogen-containing base B) deoxyribose sugar C) phosphate D) phospholipid Messenger
Unit 1: DNA and the Genome. Sub-Topic (1.3) Gene Expression
Unit 1: DNA and the Genome Sub-Topic (1.3) Gene Expression Unit 1: DNA and the Genome Sub-Topic (1.3) Gene Expression On completion of this subtopic I will be able to State the meanings of the terms genotype,
LABS 9 AND 10 DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION; RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
LABS 9 AND 10 DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION; RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OBJECTIVE 1. OBJECTIVE 2. OBJECTIVE 3. OBJECTIVE 4. Describe the structure of DNA. Explain how DNA replicates. Understand the structure
Chapter 13 - Concept Mapping
Chapter 13 - Concept Mapping Using the terms and phrases provided below, complete the concept map showing the discovery of DNA structure. amount of base pairs five-carbon sugar purine DNA polymerases Franklin
Nucleic acids. The building blocks. Phosphates
Nucleic acids Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are made up of nucleic acids found in the nuclei of living cells. They are the vehicles of genetic inheritance. Nucleic acids are condensation
Name: Family: Date: Monday/Tuesday, March 9,
Name: Family: Date: Monday/Tuesday, March 9,10 2015 Select the best answer for each question: Part 1: Multiple Choice (2 points each) 1. Protein Synthesis involves which two processes? a. DNA Replication
DNA Structure DNA Nucleotide 3 Parts: 1. Phosphate Group 2. Sugar 3. Nitrogen Base
DNA,, RNA,, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Enables cells to have different forms and perform different functions Primary functions of DNA: Store and transmit genetic information that tells
Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information 1. What Is the Structure of DNA? 2. What Are the Levels of Structure in Nucleic Acids? 3.
Fig. 9-CO, p.215 Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information 1. What Is the Structure of DNA? 2. What Are the Levels of Structure in Nucleic Acids? 3. What Is the Covalent Structure of Polynucleotides?