JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.625, ISSN: , Volume 2, Issue 11, December 2014

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1 PRACTICE REGARDING PREVENTION OF MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASES AMONG ADULTS IN NARATH PANCHAYAT, KANNUR DISTRICT NEETHU MARIA BABU* *Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Community Health Nursing, Koyili College of Nursing, Kannur, Kerala, India ** 3rd year, BSc Nursing students of Koyili College of Nursing contributed to this work ABSTRACT The objective of the study is to assess the practice regarding prevention of mosquito borne diseases among the adults residing in Narath panchayat. Descriptive survey design with convenient sampling technique to collect data from 150 samples residing in Narath panchayat, Kannur dist. Findings of the study showed that most of the people (27.33%) belonged to the age group of years and were females (80.67%).20.67% of the sample had higher secondary level of education and 57.33% were unemployed. Major findings revealed that 12% are using mosquito nets, 89.3% are using net over the well, and 0.6% is farming gumbusia fish. Among 150 samples, there was presence of stagnant water (48.6%) presence of larvae in water filled spaces (3.3%), presence of discarded plastic items in the surroundings (32%), open drainage system (62.6%), and none of the sample were using nets on windows and doors. The study concluded that the risk of mosquito breeding is very high in the area and measures has to elicited to improve the practice so that breeding of mosquitoes can be reduced. KEYWORDS: Practice, Mosquito, Prevention, Adults, Disease 1. INTRODUCTION Mosquito borne infectious diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, filariasis cause a significant fraction of the global infectious disease burden; indeed, nearly half of the world s population is infected with at least one type of vector-borne pathogen. These type of disease can be prevented and controlled if necessary actions are taken. This study is carried out with the purpose of assessing the practice on prevention of mosquito borne diseases among the adult population. A study was conducted among 100 families, in Delhi in the year 2013 to assess the knowledge and use of personal protective measures against mosquito borne diseases. Systematic random sampling was used. The knowledge regarding use of personal protective measures against mosquito borne disease was high (93%) and about (90%) families were actually using at least one of the personal protective measures. However, very few families 52

2 were using them correctly (1.1%) and adequately 5.6%. The most common personal protective measure being used by the study population was liquid vaporizers (60%). Nearly one third (32.2%) reported side effects due to personal protective measures. Irritation to smell was the most common side effect reported. On house visit, adult mosquitoes were seen in 67% of the house while potential mosquito breeding sites were found in 56% houses. The researcher concluded that there is a need to intensify efforts toward creating public knowledge and mobilizing community about correct use of preventive measures against mosquito borne diseases. 1 Bhaskar B, Nidugala H, Avadhan R conducted a study to assess the mosquito control measures adopted in 10 hospitals of Mangalore, Karnataka by simple random sampling and also to assess the Malaria status in the year The researchers identified that use of mosquito coils and electric liquid mosquito repellents are the major measures taken in hospitals for eradication of mosquitoes. Use of insecticides in and around hospital premises, use of chlorine, spraying of chemicals/mineral oil on water adopted for preventing entry of mosquitoes into hospitals. Maintaining good sanitary precautions is a necessary supplement to other preventive measures. Personal measures adopted by people include in addition to above, use of mosquito repellent creams, use of mineral oil, covering with bed sheets, netlons, mosquito bats, etc. From the data s obtained, the researchers concluded that controlling mosquitoes and exposure to diseases they may carry is an important task in hospitals. The current control measures needs improvement largely. Involvement of Health care providers in health education programmes to create awareness and communicate to the people about mosquito control and the elimination of vector borne diseases may bring about significant improvement in controlling the mosquito menace Methodology The survey was undertaken in the Narath panchayat, Kannur district, Kerala from to The research approach was descriptive non experimental approach with survey design and convenient sampling technique. The sample size was 150. The baseline data was collected from the participants by administering a demographic proforma which included items like age, gender, education, occupation, income, any history of mosquito borne diseases, any awareness programs on mosquito borne diseases. The data were collected by the researcher using a structured observation checklist having 13 items on prevention of mosquito borne diseases. Researcher observed the household and surroundings and rated each item.the content validity of the tool was done by 7 experts from various fields in 53

3 Community Medicine, Community Health, Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health. Modifications were made according to the expert opinion. The reliability of the tool was established from 20 adult residents in Chirackal panchayat, Kannur District and calculated using inter rater method. The tool was found to be reliable (r= 0.9). 3. Results: The study findings were categorized into three sections, in which section A shows the demographic characteristic and section B shows the frequency percentage of each items assessed using the practice checklist 3.1. Section A: Demographic characteristics a. Age: Majority of the sample (27.33%) belonged to the age group of years, 24% between the age group of years % 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 27.33% 24% 18% 14% 16.67% 18 28yrs 29 38yrs 39 48yrs 49 58yrs 59 yrs 18 28yrs 29 38yrs 39 48yrs 49 58yrs 59 yrs Figure 1: Distribution of sample based on age by frequency and percentage. b. Gender The data presented in the pie diagram shows that 19.33% are males and 80.67% are females. Figure 2: Pie diagram showing distribution of sample based on gender by frequency and percentage 54

4 c. Education The data revealed that 12.6% people have lower primary education, whereas 13.33% have uppeer primary education, 36% with high school education, 20.67% with higher secondary education, 2.67% diploma and 14.67% have degree and above education. d. Occupation Data presented in figure 3 shows that 12% people are agriculturist, 4.67% of them do business, 16.67% are coolie workers, 9.33% people have other jobs and 57.33% people are unemployed. 60% 40% 20% 0% Agriculture Business Coolie Others Unemploee Agriculture Business Coolie Others Unemploee Figure 3: Bar diagram showing distribution of sample based on occupation by frequency and percentage 3.2. Section B: Distribution of sample based on practice Table 1: Table showing distribution of sample based on practice Sl.No Item Frequency Percentage (%) Yes No Yes No 1 Use of mosquito nets Stagnant water present in the surroundings Water filled tires Water filled coconut shell Water filled flower pots Presence of larvae in the water filled space Presence of discarded plastic items in the surroundings Use of mosquito control nets on windows and doors Use of net over the well Presence of biogas plant which is properly closed Open drainage present Presence of pigsty near to the home Presence of gambusia fish Data presented in the table 1 show that only 12% are using mosquito nets, 89.3% are using net over the well, and 0.6% is farming gumbusia fish. Among 150 sample, there is presence of stagnant water (48.6%), presence of larvae in water filled spaces(3.3%),presence of 55

5 discarded plastic items in the surroundings (32%),open drainage system (62.6%) and nobody was using nets on windows and doors. 4. Discussion The present study revealed that the adult population residing in the area are not using adequate personal protection measures against prevention of mosquitoes. The present study is supported by another study done by Deepa VK, Premarajan KC, Kar SS to find out the pattern, costs and socio-demographic determinants of personal protection measures against mosquitoes in rural and urban communities of Trivandrum district of Kerala, India, in The researchers aimed at finding out the use and pattern of personal protection measures against mosquitoes and the socio- demographic factors influencing its usage.the study findings revealed that 98% of the people in the study community perceived mosquitoes as a problem. Majority (80%) of the rural and all of the urban households reported use of at least one personal protection measure against mosquitoes. Fumes (60%) were the popular method in the rural whereas liquid vaporizer (62%) was commonly used in the urban. In the rural 26% used Personal Protection Measures (PPM) daily, 30% only during rainy season and 24% used occasionally. In the urban 50% used PPM daily, 33% used during rainy season and 17% occasionally. The researchers concluded that the use of personal protection measures were high in urban areas as compared to rural areas and also place of residence was an important predictor of use of personal protection measures Conclusion The study concluded that the risk of mosquito breeding is very high in the area and measures has to elicited to improve the practice so that breeding of mosquitoes can be reduced References 1. Justin P.Manuel W H.2009.Knowledge and use of personal protective measures against mosquito borne diseases. Retrieved from: ncbi.nlm.gov.pubmed article 2. Bhaskar B, Nidugala H,Avadhan R. Mosquito Control and Malaria status in Mangalore, Karnataka. Nitte University Journal of Health Science[Internet].2011;1(4):32-35.Available from: 3. Deepa VK, Premarajan KC,Kar SS. Pattern, costs and socio-demographic determinants of personal protection measures against mosquitoes in rural and urban communities of Trivandrum district of Kerala. The National Journal of Medical Research[internet].2012;2(4): Available from: 56