Proteomics and Cancer
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1 Proteomics and Cancer Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Science Dialogue Program at Niitsu Senior High School Niitsu, Niigata September 4th 2006 Vladimir Valera, M.D, PhD JSPS Postdoctoral fellow First Department of Surgery Niigata University 1
2 Proteomics and Cancer What is Proteomics? Why to study the Proteome? Why Cancer? How do we study the proteome What do we see? How do we use the results? How translate the results to patients care? Proteomics and Cancer only?
3 Proteomics and Cancer What is Proteomics? The Proteome: the collection of proteins that are expressed by (or present in) a cell or tissue at a given moment
4
5 Proteomics and Cancer Why to study the Proteome? Genomics Genes (DNA) The Information Transcriptomics mrna The Message Proteomics Proteins The Actors
6 Why to study the Proteome? The function of a protein depends on its structure and interactions, neither of which can be predicted accurately based on sequence information alone Genomics and Transcriptomics are coarse tools for large-scale functional analysis. The abundance of a given transcript may not reflect the abundance of the corresponding protein. Protein diversity is generated posttranscriptionally. Protein activity often depends on posttranslational modifications, which are not predictable from the level of the corresponding transcript. The function of a protein often depends on its localization.
7 Proteomics and Cancer Why Cancer? Cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world Is a public health problem Proteomics will help to the identification of Genes and Proteins responsible for or implicated in the disease Potentially curable Proteomics will allow early detection It is cheaper to prevent than to treat the disease
8 How do we study the proteome? Electrophoresis Gel electrophoresis 2 Dimensional Electrophoresis (2DE) Capillary electrophoresis (CE) Liquid Chromatography (LC) Mass Spectrometry (MS) Combination: 2DE-MS, CE-MS, LC- MS Microarray Technology
9 Electrophoresis
10 Electrophoresis
11 Proteomics and Cancer 2 Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2DE) Polyacrylamide Gels 1 st dimension: pi (Isoelectric focusing) 2 nd dimension: MW (molecular weight)
12 Electrophoresis First Dimension: Isoelectric Focusing
13 Electrophoresis First Dimension: Isoelectric Focusing
14
15 2 Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis First Dimension Second Dimension
16
17 2 Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis
18
19 First Dimension S e c o n d D i m en s i o n
20 Differential Expression Proteomics
21 Differential Expression Proteomics
22 Proteomics and Cancer Capillary electrophoresis (CE)
23 Proteomics and Cancer Liquid Chromatography High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Ion exchange chromatography (IE) Affinity chromatography (AC) 2-D Liquid Chromatography HPLC-IE, HPLC-AC etc.
24 Liquid Chromatography
25 Liquid Chromatography
26 Liquid Chromatography Size Charge Affinity
27 Proteomics and Cancer Mass Spectrometry (MS)
28 Mass Spectrometry
29 MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
30 ESI Mass Spectrometry
31 ESI Mass Spectrometry
32 Peptide Sequence Mass Spectra Analysis by Bioinformatics Algorithms
33 Proteomics and Cancer Combination of techniques: 2DE-MS, CE-MS, LC-MS
34 Combination of Techniques Capillary IEF Mass pectrometry
35 Combination of Techniques 1-D or 2-D Liquid Chromatograpy/Mass Spectrometry 2D-LC-MS
36 Proteomics and Cancer Microarray Technology
37 Protein Microarrays
38 Proteomics and Cancer What do we see? What do we look for?
39 What do we see? Bands
40 What do we see? Spots
41 What do we see? Mass Spectra
42 What do we see? Peptide lists
43 What do we look for? Expression patterns
44 What do we look for? Expression patterns
45 What do we look for?
46 What do we look for? Expression patterns
47 How do we use the results?
48 Proteomics and Cancer How translate the results to patients care?
49 Proteomics and Cancer Proteomics and cancer biomarkers only? Plant genomics and proteomics Marine Biology
50
51 The Rice Proteome Callous 1 week after flowering
52 Proteomics and Marine Biology Zebrafish Medaka
53 Thank you for your attention! 53
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