1. Page 90: Cellular Metabolism Explain what the everyday use of the word metabolism means to you.

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1 Biology 100 Winter 2013 North Seattle Community College Reading Guide 10 Metabolism, Enzymes, and Building a Protein Reading: 1) Chapter 5 (various pages) in Microbiology Demystified 2) Chapter 7 (various pages) in Microbiology Demystified Directions: Fill out the reading guide as you read. Again, the reading guide is designed to help you take notes from your reading. Along the way, I will ask you some Critical Thinking questions that are designed to help stimulate your thinking as to how the concepts and vocabulary from the book can be used to help explain our Essential Question. As you read, keep our Essential Question in mind: How is this information helping me to explain how antimicrobials work? Chapter 5 (Chemical Metabolism) in Microbiology Demystified 1. Page 90: Cellular Metabolism Explain what the everyday use of the word metabolism means to you. 2. Page 90: Riding the Metabolism Cycle What are macromolecules and how do they make up the structures of a cell? 3. Page 90: Riding the Metabolism Cycle What is ATP? 4. Page 90: Riding the Metabolism Cycle Explain how a cell grows. 5. Page 90: Catabolic and Anabolic: The Only Reactions You Need What is a metabolic reaction? 6. Page 90: Catabolic and Anabolic: The Only Reactions You Need What happens to large molecules during catabolic reactions? 7. Page 90: Catabolic and Anabolic: The Only Reactions You Need What happens to large molecules during anabolic reactions? 8. Page 92: Brewing Up Proteins Most enzymes are that can be inactive or active. 9. Page 93: The Magic of Enzymes: Enzymes Activities What is activation energy and why is it needed?

2 10. Page 93: The Magic of Enzymes: Enzymes Activities What are two things that can lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction? 11. Page 93: The Magic of Enzymes: Enzymes Activities Why is one of these things preferable to a cell than the other? 12. Page 93: The Magic of Enzymes: Enzymes Activities Why are enzymes needed? 13. Page 93: The Magic of Enzymes: Enzymes Activities What is a substrate? 14. Page 93: The Magic of Enzymes: Enzymes Activities Where does the substrate fit into the enzyme? 15. Page 94: Inhibitors What does an inhibitor do? 16. Page 94: Inhibitors How does a competitive inhibitor work? a. Describe their example in words: 17. Page 94: Inhibitors How does a noncompetitive inhibitor work? Critical Thinking 1: Write a flow diagram that describes their example of a competitive inhibitor using the following key terms: PABA (enzyme substrate) enzyme folic acid (metabolic product) cellular function of that product (DNA synthesis) sulfa drugs (enzyme inhibitor)

3 Critical Thinking 3: Write a flow diagram that describes how penicillin works using the following key terms: peptioglycan (enzyme substrate) enzyme cell wall (metabolic product) cellular function of that product (cell wall resistance to osmotic pressure) penicllin (enzyme inhibitor) Critical Thinking 3: Now write a general flow diagram (a model) of how any antibiotic might work using the following key terms: enzyme substrate enzyme metabolic product cellular function of that product enzyme inhibitor Critical Thinking 4: Look back to your Lab 3 (Antibiotics) data. Did the sulfa drug SXT inhibit both Gram + S. epidermidis and Gram E. coli? Why do you think that happened? Critical Thinking 5: Look back to your Lab 3 (Antibiotics) data. Did penicillin inhibit both Gram + S. epidermidis and Gram E. coli? Why do you think that happened? (Review RG 08, question 38)

4 Critical Thinking 6: How do you think we should revise our current model to reflect the effects of SXT and penicillin on different bacteria? Now let s find out more about how Streptomycin works! Critical Thinking 7: Go back to RG 08 and write down again how streptomycin works: Chapter 7 (Microbial Genetics) in Microbiology Demystified 18. Page 120: Genetics What is genetics? 19. Page 120: Genetics What is a trait? 20. Page 120: Genetics What is a gene? 21. Page 120: Genetics What are genes made up of? 22. Page 121: DNA Replication: Take My Genes. Please! Describe semiconservative replication. Redraw Figure 7-1 on page 122 to complement your description in words. 23. Page 121: DNA Replication: Take My Genes. Please! What enzyme is responsible for making a new strand of DNA? 24. Page 122: The Chromosome Connection What are chromosomes? 25. Page 122: The Chromosome Connection Nucleotides are building blocks of what molecule? 26. Page 122: The Chromosome Connection - What parts make up a nucleotide?

5 27. Page 122-3: The Chromosome Connection Describe the structure of DNA using the following terms: chains, nucleotides, hydrogen bonds, base pairs, A-T, G-C. You can draw a diagram to help your explanation. 28. Page 123: The Chromosome Connection How is genetic information encoded? 29. Page 123: The Chromosome Connection A nucleotide sequence is ultimately translated into an, which is the basis of. 30. Page 123: Protein Synthesis What is protein synthesis? 31. Page 123: Protein Synthesis What is RNA synthesized from, and what bases does it contain? 32. Page 123: Protein Synthesis What is mrna? 33. Page 123: Protein Synthesis What enzyme is required to make mrna? 34. Page 123: Protein Synthesis What is transcription? 35. Page 123: Protein Synthesis Where does the mrna go after it is produced, and what happens there? Critical Thinking 8: Draw a flow diagram of protein synthesis using the following terms: DNA, transcription, RNA polymerase, mrna, ribosomes, proteins.

6 36. Page 124: Protein Synthesis Describe how RNA bases pair with DNA bases during transcription. 37. Page 124: Protein Synthesis When does transcription begin? 38. Page 124: Protein Synthesis Information found on the mrna is used? 39. Page 124: Protein Synthesis What is translation? 40. Page 124: Protein Synthesis What is the role of trna during translation? 41. Page 125: Controlling Genes: You re Under My Spell How does a polypeptide become a protein? 42. Page 125-6: Controlling Genes: You re Under My Spell Check your flow diagram in Critical Thinking question 8 with the information here. Correct it here if you need to: Critical Thinking 9: Write a flow diagram that describes how streptomycin works using the following key terms: trna linked to amino acids, mrna (functional components necessary for protein synthesis) ribosome (cellular organelle responsible for protein synthesis) proteins (metabolic product) cellular function of proteins (many functions in the cell) streptomycin (enzyme inhibitor)

7 Critical Thinking 10: Does the mechanism of how streptomycin works fit into your general model of how antibiotics work (Critical Thinking 3)? Why or why not? What might you change, if anything, to help your general model reflect the action of streptomycin as well?

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