Lisa Griffin (BSc Hons Biology), David Hughes August 2013
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1 Title Authors Contact Target level Publication date Lisa Griffin (BSc Hons Biology), David Hughes KS4 science, GCSE August 2013 Activity Length Content related to the GCSE curriculum PPT Presentation ~15 mins Stem cells and differentiation Fill in the blanks ~5-10 mins Adult and embryonic stem cells-how are they different? Pick the correct answer ~15 mins The uses of stem cells in the body and disease Match the definition ~15-20 mins Disorders that stem cells may be able to cure in the future Content that builds upon the curriculum Potency: Multipotency and pluripotency Stem cells are distinguished by two features: ability to make specialised cells AND selfrenewability Possible uses of stem cells in disease such as leukemia and diabetes Use of stem cells in drug testing and regenerative medicine The three activities included in this session introduce stem cells and how they are suited towards medical applications in four different manners tailored to different learning styles (aural, visual, kinaesthetic). The activities are designed as a series, however they could be used independently. After a brief introduction into stem cells via a Powerpoint presentation (length approximately 15 mins), the following three activities were set for the students to work through: The first activity requires the students to listen to the prompts from the video to fill in the blanks on their worksheet. The second activity requires the students to watch a video and complete 12 MCQs. The third activity is a hands-on match the definition activity.
2 ACTIVITY ONE: Aural Task, 5-10 mins. What are stem cells and how can stem cells be used in medicine? Fill in the blanks activity This activity involves the students listening to an audio clip and asks that they work though an exercise worksheet (WORKSHEET 1) and fill in the blanks of the passage which covers the theory of what stem cells are, the features of stem cells, and how stem cells can be used by doctors. Missing words are displayed in mixed order on the designated slide on the accompanying Powerpoint presentation to the lesson. This acts as a prompt to help students alongside the audio clip. The sound clip for this activity is 3:17 mins long and can be downloaded from the resource file at the following webpage: ciences/elearning%20team/final%20year%20projects/ / /default.htm Worksheet 1 can be found on the following page. Answers to the worksheet can be found on the complementary slide on the accompanying Powerpoint Presentation.
3 TASK 1: Can you fill in the blanks using the audio clip? WHAT IS A STEM CELL? -The human body is composed of over... cell types such as skin cells, heart cells etc. It also houses cells called... These cells are special because they can do two things: make more...and make... cell types. ARE THERE MANY KINDS OF STEM CELLS? -There are... main types of stem cells. These are... and... stem cells.... stem cells can produce all cell types, whereas... stem cells can only produce... cell types and are therefore more limited. Embryonic stem cells are sourced from left over embryos from... treatments. These can be used to evaluate... and... in the laboratory. HOW DO DOCTORS USE STEM CELLS? -... stem cells have been used for years to treat...and rare... diseases. Stem cells can be taken from the... to treat... As well as being used to treat patients directly, stem cells can be used by doctors to understand disease and used to discover and test new...
4 ACTIVITY TWO: Visual Task, 15 mins. A Stem Cell Story Pick the correct answer activity This activity requires the students to watch a video and complete a worksheet (WORKSHEET 2) where they are required to choose the correct answer from a possible choice of three in response to 12 different questions. The video to accompany this activity can be found using the following link: Please note that although the full video length is 15:52 mins long, the answers to the worksheet are provided in the timeframe between 0:56-13:00, therefore the video should only be played for this length of time and should be set up prior to playback during the lesson. Worksheet 2 can be found on the following page. Answers to the worksheet can be found on the complementary slide on the accompanying Powerpoint Presentation.
5 TASK 2: Can you pick the most suitable answer from the selection using the video? 1. Why are stem cells called a reservoir? -Because they can produce all cell types of the body -Because they can replace the specialized cells that die/get used up in our body -Because they are used for research in the lab 2. Why are stem cells important in the blood system? -To keep blood pumping round the body -To produce all the cells of the body -Because we need to produce millions of blood cells every day 3. Where can blood stem cells be found in the body? -They can t be found in the body, they must be made in the lab -In the bone marrow -In all parts of the body 4. Can stem cells be found in the brain? -Yes -No -We don t know yet 5. What is the decision a stem cell must make every time it divides? -Whether to produce daughter cells that are stem cells -Whether to produce daughter cells that are specialized cells -All of the above 6. What specialized cells can a skin stem cell make? -All types of cells of the body -Nerve cells -Skin cells
6 7. When using stem cells to treat burns, what do the stem cells actually produce? -The hair follicles and sweat glands -The outermost layer of the skin (epidermis layer) -All parts of the skin 8. How can stem cells treat leukemia? -The stem cells attack unhealthy red blood cells that are produced by leukaemia -Transplant of blood stem cells into patient -Transplant of embryonic stem cells into patient 9. What makes embryonic stem cells different to adult stem cells? -They can give rise to all cells of the body -They can give rise to a blastocyst -They can give rise to heart cells 10. What can neural stem cells make? -Every type of cell -Cells of the brain -Cells of the heart 11. How could stem cells be used to treat diabetes? -Produce insulin which patients can inject to control blood sugar levels -Produce insulin making cells that can be transplanted into patient -Study how a transplant of a pancreas from a healthy donor works 12. What is the role of stem cells in our bodies? -To replace cells that are used up or damaged due to disease/injury -Scientists are still unsure -To provide a source of embryonic stem cells for research
7 ACTIVITY THREE: Kinaesthetic Task, mins. Stem cell vocabulary Match the definition task This activity requires students to match up the terms with their corresponding definition. Students are given a worksheet (WORKSHEET 3) and provided with a set of cards-some printed with stem cell based terms whilst others are printed with definitions. The students must fill in the blank table on their worksheet with their answers. Alternatively, the worksheet could be given out with the terms already filled in on the table, but in mismatched order. Therefore the students are asked to draw lines to match the correct term with its definition. Variant: Rather than go through the answers as a class by asking the students what they have written, students could be asked to come up to the front of the class to an interactive whiteboard and move a definition to what term they think it corresponds to. Worksheet 3 can be found on the following page. Answers to the worksheet can be found on the complementary slide on the accompanying Powerpoint Presentation.
8 TASK 3: Can you match the stem cell vocabulary with their definitions? BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT CANCER EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS DIFFERENTIATION DIABETES IN-VITRO FERTILISATION (IVF) SELF-RENEWAL ADULT STEM CELLS REGENERATIVE MEDICINE DRUG TESTING PARKINSON S DISEASE
9 TASK 3: Can you draw lines to match the stem cell vocabulary with their definitions? BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT CANCER EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS A disorder that occurs because of damage to dopamine producing nerve cells in the brain, causing the individual to twitch uncontrollably. Stem cell research may provide the answer towards treating the disorder by replacing these cells. The process of replacing cells or tissues in order to restore normal function to the body. This process usually makes use of stem cells. The ability of a stem cell to divide to produce more undifferentiated stem cells. This ensures that a stem cell population is maintained within the body. DIFFERENTIATION A disease characterised as unregulated cell growth in the body. Stem cell therapies are a method used to overcome this disease. DIABETES A procedure where stem cells are taken from the bone marrow (either of the patient themselves or a donor) and transplanted into the patient to replace faulty blood cells. This is a very successful procedure to treat diseases such as IN-VITRO FERTILISATION (IVF) SELF-RENEWAL ADULT STEM CELLS REGENERATIVE MEDICINE DRUG TESTING PARKINSON S DISEASE leukaemia. Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to differentiate into any cell of the body. This is very useful in regenerative medicine because they provide a source of cells that can become the cell type required on demand. Disease caused by the destruction of specialized cells of the pancreas that produce insulin (beta cells). Characterised by a lack of insulin leading to abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Methods using stem cells could one day be used to treat the disease by producing these beta cells. The process by which an unspecialized stem cell acquires the features of a specialized cell; such as a skin cell, muscle cell etc. The use of stem cells for toxicity screening of medicines in early development stages. This allows scientists to determine whether medicines have any harmful side-effects before they are produced for mass use. This method could reduce the need for animal testing. A process where an egg is fertilised outside the body. Embryos that are produced by this process and that are not used can be donated to stem cell research. This presents an extremely valuable source of embryonic stem cells for research into drug testing, development and tissue regeneration. Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to differentiate into a number of cell types of the body. Their main use in the body is to regenerate damaged cells or tissues in times of disease/injury.
10 END OF LESSON
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