Why peas? Pea S by Mendel. F 1 generation
|
|
- Avis Lamb
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Fig Mendelian Genetics Mendelian Genetics Outline I. Mendel s Ideas About Genetics. Experimental Design with garden peas 2. Monohybrid Crosses. Principle of Segregation 2. Principle of Dominance 3. Dihybrid cross. Principle of Independent Assortment II. Extensions of Mendelian Genetics: Gene Interactions. Test Cross 2. Incomplete Dominance 3. Multiple Alleles 4. Epistasis 5. Polygenic Inheritance III. Human Genetics Fig Why peas?. Many pea varieties were available. 2. Small plants were easy to grow. 3. Peas self-fertilize. 4. Peas cross-fertilize. Characteristics used by Mendel had 2 Contrasting Forms Flower color Flower position Seed color Seed shape Pod shape Pod color Stem length Pea S by Mendel White Axial Terminal Yellow Green Round Wrinkled Inflated Constricted Green Yellow Tall Dwarf Parental Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Monohybrid Cross Pollen transferred All purple flowers result F Anthers removed Parental
2 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Monohybrid Cross Results of Mendel s Crosses Parental White F X F 2 3 White Flower Parent (PP) Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Monohybrid Cross & Punnett Square PP x pp White Flower Parent (pp) P Gametes p p P F Gametes Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Monohybrid Cross & Punnett Square Second Filial Generation (F2) Flower Parent () Phenotypic Ratio = 3: Genotypic Ratio = :2: Flower Parent () P Gametes p Gametes P PP p pp F 2 Monohybrid Cross Genotype: Alleles of an individual PP = homozygous dominant = heterozygous pp = homozygous recessive Phenotype: outward appearance or white pea flowers Summa of Mendel s Model of Inheritance. Parents transmit information about traits. Each individual receives two factors 2. Mendel s Principle of Segregation Gametes can only receive one of two alleles. 3. Mendel s Principle of Dominance One factor can be preferentially expressed Dominant allele always expressed Recessive allele only expressed in pairs 4. Not all factors are identical for a given trait. Alleles can be different Homozygous or Heterozygous combinations 5. Alleles do not influence each other. They remain discrete. They do not blend.
3 Examples of inherited traits in humans Dominant Traits Recessive Traits Recessive Traits. Cystic fibrosis 2. Tay-Sachs disease Fig Test Cross: Confirmation of Segregation Freckles No freckles Widow s peak Straight hairline Dominant Traits. Huntington Disease Free earlobe Attached earlobe Dihybrid Cross Hypothesis: Dependent assortment? Parental RY x ry Dihybrid Cross Hypothesis: Dependent assortment Hypothesis: Independent assortment RY ry RY ry P Gametes X X F F 2 x ry F x Sperm Eggs F Eggs 4 4 ry Ry x Sperm ry Ry RY RrYY Ry RyYY rryy rryy Ry RRyy Ry rryy Ry ry Actual results support hypothesis F 2 Yellow round Green round Yellow wrinkled Green wrinkled Mendel s Second Law of Heredity: Principle of Independent Assortment. In a dihybrid cross, alleles of each gene assort independently. 2. Fate of one pair of alleles associated with one trait does not influence the fate of another pair of alleles associated with a different trait. 3. Genes located on different chromosomes assort independently. Incomplete Dominance in Japanese Four O Clock Parental F F2
4 Incomplete Dominance In Japanese Four O Clock heterozygote is intermediate in phenotype between the 2 homozygotes Incomplete Dominance in Humans - Hypercholesterolemia HH Homozygous for ability to make LDL receptors Genotypes Hh Heterozygous hh Homozygous for inability to make LDL receptors LDL LDL receptor Phenotypes Cell Normal Mild disease Severe disease Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ee No dark pigment in fur Yellow Lab eebb eeb_ Yellow fur Yellow fur Epistasis alleles E = express pigment in fur e = pigment not expressed Epistasis E_ Dark pigment in fur E_bb E_B_ Chocolate Lab Black Lab Brown fur Black fur Pigment alleles B = Black fur e = chocolate/brown What did we learn from Mendel? Antigens, Blood Type & Multiple Alleles O Type Blood B Type Blood Glycolipid Multiple Alleles I A = galactosamine antigen on RBC surface I B = galactose antigen on RBC surface i = no antigens on RBC surface A Type Blood Glycolipid AB Type Blood Phenotype Genotype Sugar Exhibited A I A I A or I A i Galactosamine B I B I B or I B i Galactose AB I A I B Galactosamine and galactose O i i None
5 ABO blood groups, Antigens and Antibodies Galactosamine Galactose Blood Group (Phenotype) Genotypes O Multiple alleles for ABO blood groups i i Antibodies Present in Blood Anti-A Anti-B Reaction When Blood type Below Is Mixed with blood type on far left column O A B AB A B AB I A I A or I A i I B I B or I B i I A I B Anti-B Anti-A = agglutination = no agglutination Rh factor Rh factor = protein Genotypes Phenotypes Rh + / Rh + Rh positive Rh + / Rh - Rh positive Rh - / Rh - Rh negative Rhesus monkeys Global Frequency of Alleles in Human Species Allele A B O Frequency (%) Global distribution of the B blood allele Global distribution of the A blood allele Continuous Variation & Polygenic Inheritance Global distribution the O blood allele
6 Fraction of population A model for polygenic inheritance of skin color P aabbcc (ve light) F AaBbCc AABBCC (ve dark) AaBbCc Continuous Variation Skin Color & Polygenic Inheritance Environmental Influences Sperm F 2 Eggs 5 6 Skin color Genetic Counseling Human Genetics Cell culture analysis reveals genetic disorders: Kaotype alterations in chromosome number Biochemical proper enzyme functioning Molecular genetic association with known genetic markers When can analysis occur? Before birth After birth Adult Some Important Genetic Disorders 00+ Recessive disorders 400+ Dominant disorders Sickle Cell Anemia Phenotypes: Carrier X Carrier Alleles: S = normal s = Sickle cell Genotypes: Ss X Ss
7 5,555 Sickle-cell disease Pleiotropic (multiple) effects of a single human gene Individual homozygous for sickle-cell allele Sickle-cell (abnormal) hemoglobin Breakdown of red blood cells Physical weakness Red blood cells to become sickle-shaped Anemia Sickle cells Heart failure Clumping of cells and clogging of small blood vessels Pain and fever Brain damage Accumulation of sickled cells in spleen Damage to other organs Spleen damage Amniocentesis 5-20 weeks into pregnancy Ultrasound monitor Fetus Placenta Uterus Testing a fetus for genetic disorders Cervix Amniotic fluid Fetal cells Needle inserted through abdomen to extract amniotic fluid Centrifugation Several weeks Ultrasound monitor Fetus Placenta Uterus Tests Chorionic villus sampling 0-2 weeks into pregnancy Extract tissue from chorionic villi Cervix Several hours Fetal cells Chorionic villi Impaired mental function Paralysis Pneumonia and other infections Rheumatism Kidney failure Kaotyping Fig Prenatal Diagnosis Autosomal Nondisjunction or Aneuploidy Adult Screening Hexoseaminidase and Tay-Sachs Disease Pedigree Analysis Autosomal recessive aa = affected Aa = carrier (normal) AA = normal Pedigree Analysis Autosomal Dominant. Affected children can have parents with a normal phenotype 2. Heterozygotes have a normal phenotype 3. Two affected parents will always have affected children 4. Affected individuals who have non-carrier spouses will have normal children 5. Close relatives who have children are more likely to have affected children. 6. Equal frequency of both males and females
8 Pedigree showing inheritance of deafness A test for red - green color blindness 2 3 Female Male Fig Pedigree Analysis Sex or X-linked END Mendelian & Human Genetics
Genetics Patterns of Inheritance. Biology 20
Genetics Patterns of Inheritance Biology 20 Genetics Study of heredity Aristotle Pangenes Von Leewenhoek Homounculus de Graff ovarian follicle is a miniature person Blended Theory Genetic material mixes
More informationGenetics and Human Inheritance
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 20 Genetics and Human Inheritance Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University
More informationMendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 4 Mendel and the Gene Idea PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan
More informationChapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 4: Mendel and the Gene Idea. The Experiments of Gregor Mendel 2. Beyond Mendelian Genetics 3. Human Genetics . The Experiments of Gregor Mendel Chapter Reading pp. 268-276 TECHNIQUE Parental generation
More informationGregor Mendel solved the puzzle of heredity
11.1 Mendel and the Garden Pea Heredity: the tendency for traits to be passed from parent to offspring heritable features: characters traits are alternative forms of a character Genes Alleles loci Gregor
More informationChapter 14. Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel documented a particular mechanism for inheritance. Mendel developed his theory of inheritance several decades before chromosomes were observed
More informationIt s the Small Things That Make the Big Differences Mendelian Genetics
It s the Small Things That Make the Big Differences Mendelian Genetics Mendel and the Garden Pea Heredity is the tendency for traits to be passed from parent to offspring heritable features are called
More informationExploring Mendelian Genetics. Dihybrid crosses. Dihybrid crosses
Objective 8: Predict the results of dihybrid genetic crosses by using Punnett squares Exploring Mendelian Genetics 11.3 Dihybrid cross--a cross that involves two pairs of contrasting traits. A cross between
More informationMendel & Inheritance. SC.912.L.16.1 Use Mendel s laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance.
Mendel & Inheritance SC.912.L.16.1 Use Mendel s laws of segregation and independent assortment Mendel s Law of Segregation: gene pairs separate when gametes (sex cells) are formed; each gamete as only
More informationNon Mendelian Genetics
Non Mendelian Genetics TEKS 6 Science concepts. The student knows the mechanisms of genetics, including the role of nucleic acids and the principles of Mendelian Genetics. The student is expected to: 6F
More informationMendel and The Gene Idea
Mendel and The Gene Idea Gregor Mendel was a monk who experimented with pea plants and was also a scientist He is known as the Father of Genetics. Mendel s two fundamental principles of heredity are now
More informationMendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 4 Mendel and the Gene Idea PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan
More informationMendel and the Gene Idea
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 4 Mendel and the Gene Idea Lectures
More informationChapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea Name Period If you have completed a first-year high school biology course, some of this chapter will serve as a review for the basic concepts of Mendelian genetics.
More informationAP Biology Chapter 14 Notes Mendel and the Gene Idea
AP Biology Chapter 14 Notes Mendel and the Gene Idea I. Chapter 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance. II. Chapter 14.2: The Laws of Probability Govern Mendelian
More informationB.6.F predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such as monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses and non Mendelian inheritance
B.6.F predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such as monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses and non Mendelian inheritance Gregor Mendel Austrian monk * Studied science and mathematics
More informationCh. 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea
Ch. 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea 2006-2007 Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid-1800s in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas used experimental method
More informationMENDELIAN GENETICS This presentation contains copyrighted material under the educational fair use exemption to the U.S. copyright law.
MENDELIAN GENETICS This presentation contains copyrighted material under the educational fair use exemption to the U.S. copyright law. Gregor Mendel! 19 th century Austrian monk! Interested in heredity!
More informationClassical (Mendelian) Genetics. Gregor Mendel
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics Gregor Mendel Vocabulary Genetics: The scientific study of heredity Allele: Alternate forms of a gene/factor. Genotype: combination of alleles an organism has. Phenotype:
More informationObserving Patterns In Inherited Traits
Observing Patterns In Inherited Traits Ø Where Modern Genetics Started/ Gregor Mendel Ø Law of Segregation Ø Law of Independent Assortment Ø Non-Mendelian Inheritance Ø Complex Variations in Traits Genetics:
More informationBiol 1408 : Chapter 9 Patterns of Inheritance
Biol 08 : Chapter Patterns of Inheritance We previously discussed mono - hybrid crosses The Experiment P generation (true-breeding parents) Purple flowers White flowers F generation All plants have purple
More informationExploring Mendelian Genetics 11-3
Exploring Mendelian Genetics 11- GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought Some traits have MORE than 2 allele choices = MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAIT http://www.eslkidstuff.com/images/tallshort.gif EX: blood
More informationActive Learning Exercise 8 Mendelian Genetics & the Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Name Biol 211 - Group Number Active Learning Exercise 8 Mendelian Genetics & the Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Reference: Chapter 14-15 (Biology by Campbell/Reece, 8 th ed.) Note: In addition to the
More informationMendel and the Gene Idea
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Lectures
More informationChapter 11 Reading Guide: Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 11 Reading Guide: Mendel and the Gene Idea Since you have completed a first-year high school biology course, some of this chapter will serve as a review for the basic concepts of Mendelian genetics.
More informationWould expect variation to disappear Variation in traits persists (Example: freckles show up in unfreckled parents offspring!)
Genetics Early Ideas about Heredity People knew that sperm and eggs transmitted information about traits Blending theory mother and father s traits blended together Problem: Would expect variation to disappear
More informationGenetics. Blending Theory Mendel s Experiments Mendel Expanded Chromosomal Theory of Genetics Human Genetics
Genetics Blending Theory Mendel s Experiments Mendel Expanded Chromosomal Theory of Genetics Human Genetics Blending Theory offspring have a blend of traits of their parents Problems with blending theory
More informationScrambling information
Scrambling information Introduction to Genetics GENETICS branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation of organisms. Chromosomes carry the hereditary information (genes) Arrangement of nucleotides
More informationWhy Pea Plants? Mendel chose to study garden peas, because: 1. They reproduce & have a short life cycle 1
Name: Date: Per: Genetic Notes Genetics Genetics Vocab Identify the definitions and/or vocabulary words below. You will need to know these terms moving forward! 1. P Generation 2. Hybrid (F1) Generation
More information#3: Random Fertilization. If DNA replication and cell division are both so precise, and so accurate, why are we all so unique??
Today: Microbial Genetics Wrap-up Mendelian Genetics Adding Chromosomes to the Mix?? Tomorrow: UW Fieldtrip! Back to Eukaryotes: Bringing in Mendel If DNA replication and cell division are both so precise,
More informationChp 10 Patterns of Inheritance
Chp 10 Patterns of Inheritance Dogs, one of human s longest genetic experiments Over 1,000 s of years, humans have chosen and mated dogs with specific traits. A process called -artificial selection The
More information1/21/ Exploring Mendelian Genetics. What is the principle of independent assortment? Independent Assortment. Biology.
Biology 1 of 31 11-3 Exploring Mendelian Exploring Genetics Mendelian Genetics 2 of 31 What is the principle of independent assortment? 3 of 31 1 The principle of independent assortment states that genes
More informationGenetics. Chapter 10/12-ish
Genetics Chapter 10/12-ish Learning Goals For Biweekly Quiz #7 You will be able to explain how offspring receive genes from their parents You will be able to calculate probabilities of simple Mendelian
More informationGENETICS AND MENDEL 2/4/2018. Mendel s Experiment. Genetic Terms. Genetic Terms. Mendel: Experiment 1 HISTORY OF DISCOVERERY OF HEREDITY
HISTORY OF DISCOVERERY OF HEREDITY 1851: Gregor Mendel, father of heredity studied pea plants GENETICS AND MENDEL prevented self pollination used cross pollination brought experimental and quantitative
More informationObserving Patterns in Inherited Traits. Chapter 11
Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits Chapter 11 Impacts, Issues: The Color of Skin Like most human traits, skin color has a genetic basis; more than 100 gene products affect the synthesis and deposition
More informationGENETICS AND MENDEL 2/20/2013. Mendel s Experiment. Genetic Terms. How is each group the same? How is each group different?
GENETICS AND MENDEL How is each group the same? How is each group different? Heredity transmission of traits from parents to offspring Genetics study of heredity HISTORY OF DISCOVERERY OF HEREDITY Up to
More informationThe information in this document is meant to cover topic 4 and topic 10 of the IB syllabus. Details of meiosis are found in Notes for Cells.
The information in this document is meant to cover topic 4 and topic 10 of the IB syllabus. Details of meiosis are found in Notes for Cells. Mendelian Genetics Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk, who,
More informationReview. 0 Genotype: alleles that are present 0 Phenotype: physical appearance. 0 If Red is dominant to white, what is the phenotype of the above?
Review 0 Genotype: alleles that are present 0 Phenotype: physical appearance 0 Rr 0 RR 0 rr 0 If Red is dominant to white, what is the phenotype of the above? 2 Vocab to Remember! 0 Allele 0 Gene 0 Trait
More informationGenetics & The Work of Mendel
Genetics & The Work of Mendel He studied at the University of Vienna from 1851 to 1853 where he was influenced by a physicist who encouraged experimentation and the application of mathematics to science
More informationRead each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 2. How did Mendel s scientific work differ from the work of T. A. Knight?
Name Date Class CHAPTER 8 DIRECTED READING Mendel and Heredity Section 8-1: The Origins of Genetics Mendel and Others Studied Garden-Pea Traits 1. What did T. A. Knight discover? 2. How did Mendel s scientific
More informationGregor Mendel. Austrian Monk Worked with pea plants
Gregor Mendel Austrian Monk Worked with pea plants A. True Breeding Pea Plants Self pollinate and produce new plants genetically identical to themselves Mendel decides to cross pollinate the plants Offspring
More informationGenetics Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Genetics Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 41. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele
More informationLecture 3 Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses
THE MONOHYBRID CROSS Lecture 3 Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses FOLLOWING THE INHERITANCE OF ONE TRAIT Monohybrid cross Parents differ by a single trait. Crossing two pea plants that differ in stem size,
More informationhttp://www.simonmawer.com/mendel's_garden.jpg 1 http://khzs.fme.vutbr.cz/iahrwg2009/img/map_cz.gif 2 http://www.haverford.edu/biology/meneely/brno.htm 3 http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/travel/berlin/for_web/
More informationName Date Class. In the space at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or answers each question.
Chapter Test A CHAPTER 11 Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity Part A: Multiple Choice In the space at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or answers each
More informationGenetics Essentials 9/10/13. Concepts and Connections. Mendel and His Study of Heredity. The Case of the Red Hair. Before we Continue
Benjamin A. Pierce Genetics Essentials Concepts and Connections SECOND EDITION CHAPTER 3 Basic Principles of Heredity CHAPTER 3 OUTLINE 3.1 Gregor Mendel Discovered the Basic Principles of Heredity, 44
More informationBeyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance
Chapter 14. Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance 1 Extending Mendelian genetics Mendel worked with a simple system peas are genetically simple most traits are controlled by a single gene each gene has only
More informationIntroduction to Genetics. DANILO V. ROGAYAN JR. Faculty, Department of Natural Sciences
Introduction to Genetics DANILO V. ROGAYAN JR. Faculty, Department of Natural Sciences GENETICS Introduction to Genetics and heredity Gregor Mendel a brief bio Genetic terminology (glossary) Monohybrid
More informationGen e e n t e i t c c V a V ri r abi b li l ty Biolo l gy g Lec e tur u e e 9 : 9 Gen e et e ic I n I her e itan a ce
Genetic Variability Biology 102 Lecture 9: Genetic Inheritance Asexual reproduction = daughter cells genetically identical to parent (clones) Sexual reproduction = offspring are genetic hybrids Tendency
More informationUnit 10: Genetics. Chapter 9: Read P
Unit 10: Genetics Chapter 9: Read P. 145-167 10.0 Genetics The Definition of Genetics The study of heredity and how traits are passed on through generations. Gregor Mendel: The Father of Genetics Gregor
More informationGenetics Sperm Meiotic cell division Egg Chromosome Segments of DNA Code DNA for traits Code for a trait Gene
Genetics The Study of Inherited Characteristics Meiosis in the Gonads makes gametes: Sperm Meiotic cell division Egg Chromosome DNA Code for Gene Segments of DNA Code Code for a trait Hair Color Eye Color
More informationBiology Genetics Practice Quiz
Biology Genetics Practice Quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The table above shows information related to blood types. What genotype(s)
More informationBeyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance
Chapter 14. Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance Modified from Kim Foglia Extending Mendelian genetics Mendel worked with a simple system peas are genetically simple most traits are controlled by a single
More informationName: Bio AP Mendelian Genetics & Chromosomal Inheritance
Name: Bio AP Mendelian Genetics & Chromosomal Inheritance 1 ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE 3.A.3: The chromosomal basis of inheritance provides an understanding of the pattern of passage (transmission) of genes from
More informationMendel & Nonmendelian Problems
Mendel & Nonmendelian Problems Name: 7. If two heterozygous yellow seeded plants are crossed: 8. If two white flowered plants are crossed, then Like any language, the language of genetics consists of symbols
More informationGenetics & The Work of Mendel
Genetics & The Work of Mendel TEKS 6 Science concepts. The student knows the mechanisms of genetics, including the role of nucleic acids and the principles of Mendelian Genetics. The student is expected
More informationIntroduction. Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Introduction It was not until 1900 that biology finally caught up with Gregor Mendel. 3 guys made him famous. Factors = genes located on chromosomes, which are made of the chemical DNA, whose function
More informationchromosome locus of gene
Genetic Terminology chromosome locus of gene gene alleles a B A B Each chromosome consists of; A linear sequence of genes c d c D A centromere Regions of repetitive DNA NOT organised into genes Term Phenotype
More informationMendelian Genetics. What is Gregor Mendel known for and what organism did he use? When did Mendel conduct most of his work?
Mendelian Genetics What is Gregor Mendel known for and what organism did he use? When did Mendel conduct most of his work? What Mendel called particles are actually Define the following: Trait- Heredity-
More informationPhenotypic Expression & Multi-Factorial Traits (Learning Objectives)
Phenotypic Expression & Multi-Factorial Traits (Learning Objectives) Understand and explain the factors affecting the phenotypic expression of Mendelian inheritance and provide examples for each: a) Lethal
More informationInheritance (IGCSE Biology Syllabus )
Inheritance (IGCSE Biology Syllabus 2016-2018) Key definitions Chromosome Allele Gene Haploid nucleus Diploid nucleus Genotype Phenotype Homozygous Heterozygous Dominant Recessive A thread of DNA, made
More informationLab Mendelian Genetics-Exploring Genetic Probability -Revisiting Mendel s Observations
NAMES: (one packet per partner pair to be turned in) DATE: Lab Mendelian Genetics-Exploring Genetic -Revisiting Mendel s Observations Purpose: Students will 1. Learn that probability is strongly related
More information! Allele Interactions
Chapter 4!Extensions to Mendelian Genetics! Allele Interactions 1 INTRODUCTION Mendelian inheritance describes inheritance patterns that obey two laws Law of segregation Law of independent assortment Simple
More informationTable of Contents. Chapter: Heredity. Section 1: Genetics. Section 2: Genetics Since Mendel. Section 3: Biotechnology
Table of Contents Chapter: Heredity Section 1: Genetics Section 2: Genetics Since Mendel Section 3: Biotechnology 1 Genetics Inheriting Traits Eye color, nose shape, and many other physical features are
More informationTopic 11. Genetics. I. Patterns of Inheritance: One Trait Considered
Topic 11. Genetics Introduction. Genetics is the study of how the biological information that determines the structure and function of organisms is passed from one generation to the next. It is also concerned
More informationComplex Inheritance and Human Heredity
Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity Before You Read Use the What I Know column to list the things you know about human heredity and genetics. Then list the questions you have about these topics in the
More informationAGRO/ANSC/BIO/GENE/HORT 305 Fall, 2016 Extension of Mendelian Inheritance Chpt 4, Genetics by Brooker, Lecture Outline #4
AGRO/ANSC/BIO/GENE/HORT 305 Fall, 2016 Extension of Mendelian Inheritance Chpt 4, Genetics by Brooker, Lecture Outline #4 Mendelian inheritance describes inheritance patterns that obey two laws: Law of
More informationGenetics and Heredity
Genetics and Heredity History Genetics is the study of genes. Inheritance is how traits, or characteristics, are passed on from generation to generation. Chromosomes are made up of genes, which are made
More informationAGRO/ANSC/BIO/GENE/HORT 305 Fall, 2017 Extension of Mendelian Inheritance Chpt 4, Genetics by Brooker, Lecture Outline #4
AGRO/ANSC/BIO/GENE/HORT 305 Fall, 2017 Extension of Mendelian Inheritance Chpt 4, Genetics by Brooker, Lecture Outline #4 Mendelian inheritance describes inheritance patterns that obey two laws: Law of
More informationQ.2: Write whether the statement is true or false. Correct the statement if it is false.
Solved Exercise Biology (II) Q.1: Fill In the blanks. i. is the basic unit of biological information. ii. A sudden change in the structure of a gene is called. iii. is the chance of an event to occur.
More informationModified Mendelian Ratios Ch. 13
Modified Mendelian Ratios Ch. 13 1. Multiple alleles (more than 2 alleles for gene in population) Example: Blood Groups Karl Landsteiner 1900 s Chromosome 9 I gene ABO blood system = polymorphic I gene
More informationBiology Mrs. Howe Tues, 2/7 Agenda New Seats Bioethical Decision Making Model (pg. 1-2)-> due Block 1
Biology Mrs. Howe Tues, 2/7 New Seats Bioethical Decision Making Model (pg. 1-2)-> due Block 1 Start fresh with semester 2 and our next unit. Due Today: None Announcements: Have you checked your Semester
More informationGenetics. Biology. vocabulary terms
Genetics Biology vocabulary terms INHERITANCE or HEREDITY- The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring, such as hair, eye, and skin color. 1 vocabulary terms HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME-
More informationInheritance Biology. Unit Map. Unit
Unit 8 Unit Map 8.A Mendelian principles 482 8.B Concept of gene 483 8.C Extension of Mendelian principles 485 8.D Gene mapping methods 495 8.E Extra chromosomal inheritance 501 8.F Microbial genetics
More informationFundamentals of Genetics. 4. Name the 7 characteristics, giving both dominant and recessive forms of the pea plants, in Mendel s experiments.
Fundamentals of Genetics 1. What scientist is responsible for our study of heredity? 2. Define heredity. 3. What plant did Mendel use for his hereditary experiments? 4. Name the 7 characteristics, giving
More informationPED'IGREE, n. from L. pes,pedis, foot. Lineage; line of ancestors from which a person or tribe descends; genealogy.
Also review list of objectives, notes, textbook, and homework assignments 1. Animals can teach us genetics. Match Heterozygotes exhibit two distinct proteins on red blood cells Show a dominant and recessive
More informationChapter Extending Mendelian Genetics. Incomplete Dominance. Incomplete Dominance. R = red R = white. Incomplete Dominance (alt)
female / eggs Colonie High AP Biology Chapter 12.2 12.3 Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance Etending Mendelian Genetics Mendel worked with a simple system peas are genetically simple most traits are controlled
More informationExploring Mendelian Genetics
Exploring Mendelian Genetics GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought ENVIRONMENT influences the. expression of genes = Nature vs Nurture Genes provide the plan for development, but how plan unfolds
More information& Practice
IB BIOLOGY 4.1-4.3 & 10.1-10.3 Practice 1. Red-green colour blindness is a sex-linked condition. Which of the following always shows normal vision? (HL p1 May09 TZ1 q11) A. A homozygous male B. A homozygous
More informationEOC Review Reporting Category 2 Mechanisms of Genetics
EOC Review Reporting Category 2 Mechanisms of Genetics The student will demonstrate an understanding of the mechanisms of genetics. Langham Creek High School 2012-2013 By PresenterMedia.com TEK 6A Identify
More informationReproduction, Heredity, & Molecular Genetics. A. lipids B. amino acids C. nucleotides D. polysaccarides
Name: Date: 1. A strand of DNA consists of thousands of smaller, repeating units known as A. lipids B. amino acids C. nucleotides D. polysaccarides 2. Which two bases are present in equal amounts in a
More informationCentral Dogma of genetics: DNA -> Transcription -> RNA -> Translation > Protein
Genetics Midterm 1 Chapter 1: Purines: Adenine (double bond), Guanine (Triple Bond) Pyrimidines: Thymine (double bond), Cytosine (Triple Bond), Uracil Central Dogma of genetics: DNA -> Transcription ->
More informationWe can use a Punnett Square to determine how the gametes will recombine in the next, or F2 generation.
AP Lab 7: The Mendelian Genetics of Corn Objectives: In this laboratory investigation, you will: Use corn to study genetic crosses, recognize contrasting phenotypes, collect data from F 2 ears of corn,
More informationExam 1 Answers Biology 210 Sept. 20, 2006
Exam Answers Biology 20 Sept. 20, 2006 Name: Section:. (5 points) Circle the answer that gives the maximum number of different alleles that might exist for any one locus in a normal mammalian cell. A.
More informationMeasuring Evolution of Populations
Measuring Evolution of Populations 5 Agents of evolutionary change Mutation Gene Flow Non-random mating Genetic Drift Selection Populations & gene pools Concepts u a population is a localized group of
More informationSolve Mendelian Genetics Problems
Solve Problems Free PDF ebook Download: Solve Problems Download or Read Online ebook solve mendelian genetics problems in PDF Format From The Best User Guide Database AP Biology I ' Cate. PRACTICE 1: BASIC.
More informationThe Genetics of Parenthood FACE LAB
The Genetics of Parenthood FACE LAB Introduction to the Teacher This is a simulation that easily captures student interest, and can be varied to meet different ability levels. Making the assumption that
More informationDNA segment: T A C T G T G G C A A A
DNA Structure, Replication, Protein Synthesis & Name Period Genetics Study Guide Chapter 12 and 13 Structure of DNA and Protein Synthesis 1. What macromolecule is coded for by genes located on DNA? Provide
More informationGenetics is the study of heredity
What is Genetics? Genetics is the study of heredity Heredity is the transmission of traits from parent to offspring. These factors determine individual characteristics: responsible for the resemblances
More informationOctober 16, Unit 5 Heredity 1. What is Heredity. Agenda 1. Warm-up 2. Mendlian Notes pg Lets Practice pg 7
October 16, 2017 Unit 5 Heredity 1. What is Heredity the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. Agenda 1. Warm-up 2. Mendlian Notes pg 5-6 3. Lets
More informationMendelian problems done.notebook
Mendelian Genetics Problems hen a genetic cross occurs beteen the gametes of to individuals, there are a number of possible combinations for the arrangement of alleles in the offspring. e can easily organize
More information8.2 Human Inheritance
www.ck12.org Chapter 8. Human Genetics and Biotechnology 8.2 Human Inheritance Lesson Objectives Describe inheritance in humans for autosomal and X-linked traits. Identify complex modes of human inheritance.
More informationChapter 4.!Extensions to Mendelian Genetics.! Gene Interactions
Chapter 4!Extensions to Mendelian Genetics! Gene Interactions 1 Gene Interactions Extensions to Mendelian Genetics Just as different alleles of 1 gene can interact in complex ways, 2 different genes can
More information2 Chapter 4: Heredity and Reproduction
Genetic Processes UNIT 2 Chapter 4: Heredity and Reproduction Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next by the process of reproduction. This genetic information is stored in DNA molecules,
More informationConcept Probability laws govern Mendelian inheritance
Figure 14.8 Inquiry Do the alleles for one character segregate into gametes dependently or independently of the alleles for a different character? Experiment To follow the characters of seed color and
More information