Genetic Engineering (g.e)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Genetic Engineering (g.e)"

Transcription

1 Genetic Engineering

2 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering: The development and application procedures, and technologies that allow you to directly manipulate an organisms DNA We can manipulate DNA and genes to alter organisms or make them produce a product we need.

3 Genetic Engineering (g.e) 1. It is the process of inserting genes of interest into specific organisms for either a medical or scientific benefit. 2. Gene therapy is the process of inserting a missing gene into an organism. 3. Bacteria are often used as the factories to produce a protein from a cloned gene. This has led to the production of human insulin,gh & erythropoietin..etc. 4. The gene must be cloned into an expression vector, usually a plasmid with special features that allows it to be transcribed & translated in a host cell.

4 Genetic Engineering in Agriculture 1. Disease resistance e.g. corn & cotton 2. Nitrogen fixation 3. Frost-free plants e.g. strawberries & potatoes 4. Tomatoes with a long shelf life deactivating the gene in tomato which produce ethylene. 5. Increased milk production giving cows bovine somatotropin (BST) growth hormone. 6. Good predator attraction strawberry gene on mustard plants produces a chemical attractant for predator mites that eat the herbivorous spider mites.

5 Transgenic tomato plant : Recombinant DNA methods have produced plants that resist defoliation by caterpillars, with longer shelf life. Fig , p.349

6 Genetic engineering: Changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new. This organisms are called Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) Example: Bacteria that produce human insulin Genetically Modified organism are called transgenic organism; since genes are transferred from one organism to another.

7 Some genetic engineering techniques are as follows: 1. Artificial selection 2. Cloning 3. Gene splicing 4. Gel electrophoresis: analyzing DNA

8 1. Artificial selection: breeders choose which organism to mate to produce offspring with desired traits. They cannot control what genes are passed. When they get offspring with the desired traits, maintain them. Three types of artificial selection: A. Selective breeding B. Hybridization C. Inbreeding

9 A. Selective breeding: when animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits. Passing of important genes to next generation. Example: Champion race horses, cows with tender meat, large juicy oranges on a tree.

10 Examples of selective breeding: Angus cows are bred to increase muscle mass so that we get more meat, Egg-Laying Henproduces more eggs than the average hen

11 Selective breeding occurs when you choose the best male and female to breed. This allows you to fine tune and control the traits The offspring or babies will then have the best traits. Then you continue to breed those organism with the best traits, those traits will be maintained.

12 Selective Breeding Selective Breeding: allowing only those organisms with desired characteristics to reproduce. How could you use selective breeding to develop dogs with more intelligence? Selective breeding takes advantage of natural genetic variation (the trait must already exist in the population)

13 Selective Breeding 2 Methods of selective breeding 1. Hybridization: crossing dissimilar individuals together to get the best of both organisms Ex: Killer Bees While attempting to create a bee that produces more honey in tropical climates scientist bred a European honey bee with a African honey bee. 2. Inbreeding: the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristic Ex: Purebred Dog Breeds dog breeds are created by breeding individuals with similar characteristics to ensure that the combination of traits will be passed on to the next generation.

14 B. Hybridizations: two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms. Example: Luther Burbank created a disease resistant potato called the Burbank potato. He crossed a disease resistant plant with one that had a large food producing capacity. Result: disease resistant plant that makes a lot of potatoes.

15 Other Examples of hybridization: 1. Liger: lion and tiger mix

16 2. Grape + apple= grapple. The fruit tastes like grapes and looks like apple.

17 C. Inbreeding breeding of organism that genetically similar to maintain desired traits. Dogs breeds are kept pure this way. Its how a Doberman remains a Doberman. It keeps each breed unique from others. Risk: since both have the same genes, the chance that a baby will get a recessive genetic disorder is high. Risks: blindness, joint deformities.

18 In order for selective breeding to work, you need a wide variation of genetic traits. Selective Breeding Explain you cannot use selective breeding to create a monkey that glows in the dark? How do new traits get introduced into a population? Induce mutations to develop new traits in a population (Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic traits)

19 Selective Breeding Limitations of selective breeding and mutations: Selective breeding requires traits already exists in a population we can not make new traits. Mutations are unpredictable and will not create the exact traits that we want. (most mutations are harmful to the organism)

20 Variation: difference between individuals of a species. The differences are in the genes but we see the physical differences. For example: Some humans have blond hair and some have brown. This is a variation among humans. Inbreeding decreases variations.

21 2. Cloning: creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. There are human clones in our school. Identical twins are naturally created clones.

22 Eggs are haploid Haploid: half the chromosomes, 23 in humans Body cells are diploid: Diploid: two sets of chromosomes, one from mother and one set from father 46 in humans.

23 This picture represents gene splicing. However, DNA is much smaller. Its done with high tech lab equipment since DNA, is too small to hold or see without a microscope. The red piece the woman is holding is an insulin gene from a human being. It is being combined with DNA from a bacteria. Creates recombinant DNA, something that has never existed before.

24 Benefits: Insulin is cheaper There are no side effects because it is human insulin. We once used pig insulin but there are side effects and it is more expensive.

25 How is gene splicing done? 1. A restriction enzyme cuts the insulin gene out of the human DNA. 2. A plasmid is removed from a bacteria and cut with a restriction enzyme

26 3. The human gene is place into the bacteria plasmid 4. The plasmid is placed back into the bacteria. The cell now has directions (DNA) to make insulin. That's exactly what it does. Its human insulin, bacteria do not make insulin on their own. Plasmid with insulin gene

27 This is called transformation: when a gene from one organism is transferred to different organism. The organisms that have DNA transferred to them are called transgenic organisms. trans: means different, genic: refers to genes Genetic engineering has given rise to a new technological field called biotechnology (technology of life).

28 1. Transgenic (GMO) animals: genes inserted into animals so they produce what humans need. Why?: A way to improve the food supply: A. Transgenic cows: gene inserted to increase milk production.

29 B. Spider goat: gene from spider inserted into goat. Goats makes silk of the spider web in their milk. Flexible, stronger than steel. Used in bullet proof jackets.

30 C. Glow-in-the-dark cats Scientist used a virus to insert DNA from jellyfish The gene made the cat produce a fluorescent protein in its fur.

31 2. Transgenic bacteria: gene inserted into bacteria so they produce things humans need. For example: insulin and clotting factors in blood are now made by bacteria.

32 3. Transgenic plants: plants are given genes so they meet human needs. A. Transgenic corn: given a gene so corn produces a natural pesticide. Now they don t have to be sprayed with cancer causing pesticides. 25% of all corn is like this.

33 B. Venomous cabbage Gene from a scorpion tails inserted into cabbage. Cabbage now produces that chemical. Why? Limit pesticide use while still preventing insects from damaging crops. Corporations state the toxin is modified so it isn t harmful to humans.

34 C. Banana vaccines Virus is injected into a banana, the virus DNA becomes part of the plant. As the plant grows, it produces the virus proteins but not the disease part of the virus. When people eat a bite, their immune systems creates antibodies to fight the disease just like a traditional vaccine Vaccines for hepatitis and cholera

35 Medicinal eggs British scientists have created a breed of genetically modified hens that produce cancer-fighting medicines in their eggs. The animals have had human genes added to their DNA so that human proteins are secreted into the whites of their eggs, along with complex medicinal proteins similar to drugs used to treat skin cancer and other diseases. What exactly do these disease-fighting eggscontain? The hens lay eggs that have mir24, a molecule with potential for treating malignant melanoma and arthritis, and human interferon b-1a, an antiviral drug that resembles modern treatments for multiple sclerosis.

36 Fast-growing salmon genetically modified salmon grows twice as fast as the conventional variety the photo shows two same-age salmon with the genetically altered one in the rear.

37 A virus is often used to deliver DNA. In the movie I Am Legend, A healthy gene was inserted into a virus. The virus invaded the cancer cells and inserts the healthy gene to cure cancer. Worked at first but the virus mutated and became deadly. This is being attempted in real life.

38 Gene therapy: when disease causing genes are cut out and good gene are inserted. Restriction enzymes are used to cut out bad genes. Viruses are used to insert good genes. Not approved for human use yet. Some possible side effects.

39 4. Gel electrophoresis: a technique used to compare DNA from two or more organisms. Why compare DNA: 1. Find your baby s daddy 2. Who committed a crime. 3. How closely species are related.

40 How is electrophoresis done? A. The DNA is cut into fragments with a restriction enzyme. B. The cut DNA is then put into the wells of a machine filled with gel. The gel is spongy and the DNA squeezes through the pores.

41 C. The machine is plugged in and the fragments get separated based on their size. The smaller fragments move further than the large.

42 Separation of DNA based on size of fragments. Electrophoresis results Final result of electrophoresis

43 Electricity provides the energy Why does DNA move? DNA has a negative charge. When the machine is plugged it, its moves towards the positive pole created by the electricity

44 electrophoresis

45 Your DNA is so unique its considered to be a DNA fingerprint. Gel electrophoresis will separate your DNA differently from anyone else. Nova: who done it nt_creatednafp2/

CHAPTER 9: GENETIC ENGINEERING DR. BERTOLOTTI

CHAPTER 9: GENETIC ENGINEERING DR. BERTOLOTTI CHAPTER 9: GENETIC ENGINEERING DR. BERTOLOTTI Essential Question How and why do scientists manipulate DNA in living cells? 1 What is selective breeding used for? Application of Genetic Engineering Video:

More information

Name: Period: Date: 2) The procedures are often referred to as. 3) is the genetic material of all living organisms.

Name: Period: Date: 2) The procedures are often referred to as. 3) is the genetic material of all living organisms. Name: Period: Date: I. Selective Breeding 1) = The process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations. Breed only those plants or animals

More information

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application BELLRINGER-5/4/15 1. What method would you guess forensic scientists use to identify criminals at crime scenes? 2. What do you think we mean by the term biotechnology? BIOTECHNOLOGY Understanding the Application

More information

Genetics and Biotechnology Chapter 13

Genetics and Biotechnology Chapter 13 1 Genetics and Biotechnology Chapter 13 Selective breeding is used to produce organisms with desired traits. I. Applied Genetics A. Selective Breeding 1. Definedthe process by which desired traits of certain

More information

The process of new DNA to another organism. The goal is to add one or more that are not already found in that organism.

The process of new DNA to another organism. The goal is to add one or more that are not already found in that organism. Genetic Engineering Notes The process of new DNA to another organism. The goal is to add one or more that are not already found in that organism. Selective Breeding Carefully choosing which plants and

More information

15.3 Applications of Genetic Engineering

15.3 Applications of Genetic Engineering 15.3 Applications of Genetic Engineering Agriculture and Industry Almost everything we eat and much of what we wear come from living organisms. Researchers have used genetic engineering to try to improve

More information

Biotechnology Biotechnology is the application of a technological process, invention or method to living organisms

Biotechnology Biotechnology is the application of a technological process, invention or method to living organisms Biotechnology Biotechnology is the application of a technological process, invention or method to living organisms Cloning A clone is an organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which

More information

GENETICS HOW HUMANS MANIPULATE GENES FOR THEIR OWN BENEFIT

GENETICS HOW HUMANS MANIPULATE GENES FOR THEIR OWN BENEFIT GENETICS HOW HUMANS MANIPULATE GENES FOR THEIR OWN BENEFIT SELECTIVE BREEDING &HYBRIDIZATION CHOOSING ORGANISMS OF THE SAME SPECIES WITH THE BEST TRAITS TO MATE TOGETHER Examples: Purebred dogs, horses,

More information

UNIT 3: GENETICS Chapter 9: Frontiers of Biotechnology

UNIT 3: GENETICS Chapter 9: Frontiers of Biotechnology CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned

More information

Genetic Engineering and Selective Breeding

Genetic Engineering and Selective Breeding Genetic Engineering and Selective Breeding Scientists used a bioluminescent gene from a jellyfish to create glowing green mice! These are all baby mice, with no hair yet. The inserted gene makes the skin

More information

Chapter 13. Genetic Engineering

Chapter 13. Genetic Engineering Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering Selective Breeding Passing on desired characteristics to the next generation. Examples: different breeds of domestic and farm animals, different varieties of plants (corn,

More information

NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech )

NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech ) NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech ) Vocabulary Genetic Engineering Gene Recombinant DNA Transgenic Restriction Enzymes Vectors Plasmids Cloning Key Concepts What is genetic engineering?

More information

9.4. Genetic Engineering. Entire organisms can be cloned. Web

9.4. Genetic Engineering. Entire organisms can be cloned. Web 9.4 Genetic Engineering VOCABULARY clone genetic engineering recombinant DNA plasmid transgenic gene knockout 3D, 3D evaluate the impact of scientific research on society and the environment and 6H describe

More information

2 Gene Technologies in Our Lives

2 Gene Technologies in Our Lives CHAPTER 15 2 Gene Technologies in Our Lives SECTION Gene Technologies and Human Applications KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: For what purposes are genes and proteins manipulated?

More information

Genetics Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Genetics Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Genetics Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 41. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele

More information

Page 3. 18) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology.

Page 3. 18) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology. Name: 1117 1 Page 1 1) A small amount of DNA was taken from a fossil of a mammoth found frozen in glacial ice. Genetic technology can be used to produce a large quantity of identical DNA from this mammoth's

More information

Genetic Engineering 1.6

Genetic Engineering 1.6 Genetic Engineering 1.6 Genetic Engineering Learning Outcomes: 1.Genetic information can be transferred from one cell to another artificially 2.To understand the stages involved in genetic engineering

More information

15.1 Selective Breeding

15.1 Selective Breeding 15.1 Selective Breeding Lesson Objectives Explain the purpose of selective breeding. Explain how people increase genetic variation. Lesson Summary Selective Breeding Through selective breeding, humans

More information

Regents Biology REVIEW 5: GENETICS

Regents Biology REVIEW 5: GENETICS Period Date REVIEW 5: GENETICS 1. Chromosomes: a. Humans have chromosomes, or homologous pairs. Homologous: b. Chromosome pairs carry genes for the same traits. Most organisms have two copies of the gene

More information

Biotechnology. DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks. DNA Sequencing. Genetic Engineering. Gene Therapy

Biotechnology. DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks. DNA Sequencing. Genetic Engineering. Gene Therapy Biotechnology DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks DNA Sequencing Genetic Engineering Gene Therapy What is DNA Cloning? Set of methods that uses live cells to make many identical copies of a DNA fragment

More information

Origins of Biotechnology

Origins of Biotechnology What Is Biotechnology? Origins of Biotechnology the use of living organisms to develop or make useful products improve plants or animals to develop microorganisms for specific uses Although it seems like

More information

Practice Test #3. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Practice Test #3. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Practice Test #3 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. An application of using DNA technology to help environmental scientists would be _. a.

More information

Unit 3.notebook June 03, Genetic Counseling. May 11 12:18 PM. Genetic Counseling

Unit 3.notebook June 03, Genetic Counseling. May 11 12:18 PM. Genetic Counseling Genetic Counseling Until recently, it was very difficult to determine the health of an unborn baby. Today, with new research and technology, information can be gathered during: > fetal development > before

More information

Name Date Class CHAPTER 13. DNA Fingerprinting

Name Date Class CHAPTER 13. DNA Fingerprinting Real-World Biology: Analysis DNA Fingerprinting Genetic Prints Help Solve Mystery of Girls Switched at Birth. Murder Conviction Overturned by DNA Testing: Prisoner Released. Headlines such as these have

More information

Genetic Engineering and Selective Breeding (compared to natural selection)

Genetic Engineering and Selective Breeding (compared to natural selection) Genetic Engineering and Selective Breeding (compared to natural selection) What you need to know! Adapted from http://www.rhnet.org/webpages/mhenderson1/inheritance-1.cfm?subpage=47520 Scientists used

More information

Heredity & Genetic Engineering. Human Chromosomes Review. Human body cells, called somatic cells, have 46 chromosomes (diploid number)

Heredity & Genetic Engineering. Human Chromosomes Review. Human body cells, called somatic cells, have 46 chromosomes (diploid number) Heredity & Genetic Engineering Human Chromosomes Review Human body cells, called somatic cells, have 46 chromosomes (diploid number) Gametes have 23 chromosomes (haploid number) Zygote = fertilized egg

More information

Asexu. Figure 6 A small glass tube, called a micropipette, is used to remove the nucleus from a cell and later introduce a new nucleus.

Asexu. Figure 6 A small glass tube, called a micropipette, is used to remove the nucleus from a cell and later introduce a new nucleus. While plant cloning experiments were being conducted, Robert Briggs and Thomas King were busy investigating nuclear transplants in frogs. Working with the common grass frog, the scientists extracted the

More information

CHAPTER 21. Genetic engineering. What is Genetic Engineering? How is genetic engineering used? What are plasmids? DNA Technology Genomics.

CHAPTER 21. Genetic engineering. What is Genetic Engineering? How is genetic engineering used? What are plasmids? DNA Technology Genomics. CHAPTER 21 DNA Technology Genomics What is Genetic Engineering? Genetic engineering Moving genes from one organism to another Genes can be taken from one organism (plant, animal, virus, or bacteria) and

More information

Table of Contents. Chapter: Heredity. Section 1: Genetics. Section 2: Genetics Since Mendel. Section 3: Biotechnology

Table of Contents. Chapter: Heredity. Section 1: Genetics. Section 2: Genetics Since Mendel. Section 3: Biotechnology Table of Contents Chapter: Heredity Section 1: Genetics Section 2: Genetics Since Mendel Section 3: Biotechnology 1 Genetics Inheriting Traits Eye color, nose shape, and many other physical features are

More information

Genetic Engineering RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES

Genetic Engineering RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES Genetic Engineering 1977 Frederick Sanger discovered the complete base sequence for one type of virus, identified all 9 of its genes, and became the first to do so. This opened up a whole new world for

More information

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Unit 8

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Unit 8 BIOTECHNOLOGY Unit 8 PART 1 BASIC/FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE VS. APPLIED SCIENCE! Basic/Fundamental Science the development and establishment of information to aid our understanding of the world.! Applied Science

More information

Chapter 15 Gene Technologies and Human Applications

Chapter 15 Gene Technologies and Human Applications Chapter Outline Chapter 15 Gene Technologies and Human Applications Section 1: The Human Genome KEY IDEAS > Why is the Human Genome Project so important? > How do genomics and gene technologies affect

More information

Biotechnology. Chapter 13

Biotechnology. Chapter 13 Biotechnology Chapter 13 Genetic Changes Humans have been changing the genetics of other species for thousands of years Artificial selection of plants and animals Tomato plants look nothing like their

More information

Bio 101 Sample questions: Chapter 10

Bio 101 Sample questions: Chapter 10 Bio 101 Sample questions: Chapter 10 1. Which of the following is NOT needed for DNA replication? A. nucleotides B. ribosomes C. Enzymes (like polymerases) D. DNA E. all of the above are needed 2 The information

More information

Biotechnology. Chapter 17 section 1 (only)

Biotechnology. Chapter 17 section 1 (only) Biotechnology Chapter 17 section 1 (only) 5-16-16 Learning Goals for Today: Explain how DNA profiling can identify individuals Interpret data from DNA electrophoresis Discuss genetically modified organisms

More information

Understand biotechnology in livestock animals. Objective 5.04

Understand biotechnology in livestock animals. Objective 5.04 Understand biotechnology in livestock animals. Objective 5.04 Biotechnology and Ethical Issues Biotechnology- technology concerning the application of biological and engineering techniques to microorganisms,

More information

A Level. A Level Biology. DNA Technology Questions. AQA, OCR, Edexcel. Name: Total Marks: Page 1

A Level. A Level Biology. DNA Technology Questions. AQA, OCR, Edexcel. Name: Total Marks: Page 1 AQA, OCR, Edexcel A Level A Level Biology DNA Technology Questions Name: Total Marks: Page 1 Q1.(a) (i) A mutation of a tumour suppressor gene can result in the formation of a tumour. Explain how.........(2)

More information

' GENETIC ENGINEERING Chapter 13 Reading Guide Biology 137 Read pages 318-333 to answer and complete the reading guide. Section 13-1 Changing the Living World Selective Breeding 1. What is Selective Breeding?

More information

Genes and Gene Technology

Genes and Gene Technology CHAPTER 7 DIRECTED READING WORKSHEET Genes and Gene Technology As you read Chapter 7, which begins on page 150 of your textbook, answer the following questions. What If...? (p. 150) 1. How could DNA be

More information

thebiotutor.com 5C Genetic Modification Time: 34 minutes Total marks available: 34 Total marks achieved: Andy Todd

thebiotutor.com 5C Genetic Modification Time: 34 minutes Total marks available: 34 Total marks achieved: Andy Todd thebiotutor.com 5C Genetic Modification Time: 34 minutes Total marks available: 34 Total marks achieved: Q1. The picture shows a sheep that has been genetically modified to contain a human gene for making

More information

DNA Technology. B. Using Bacteria to Clone Genes: Overview:

DNA Technology. B. Using Bacteria to Clone Genes: Overview: DNA Technology A. Basic Vocabulary: is DNA from 2 different sources that is combined. is the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. literally means or in a test tube or flask. is the manipulation

More information

Academic Biology DLA 2 Review

Academic Biology DLA 2 Review 1 Name: Date: Per: Academic Biology DLA 2 Review Genetics Vocabulary Define and provide an example for the following terms: Meiosis: Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through

More information

THE BENEFITS AND USES OF MICROBES

THE BENEFITS AND USES OF MICROBES MODULE 4 MICROBES AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY U N I T 2 THE BENEFITS AND USES OF MICROBES A. MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1 Read What is biotechnology? and decide which of the words below can be used instead

More information

3. A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram below.

3. A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram below. Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the statement below and on your knowledge of biology. Scientists have found a gene in the DNA of a certain plant that could be the key to increasing the amount

More information

2054, Chap. 14, page 1

2054, Chap. 14, page 1 2054, Chap. 14, page 1 I. Recombinant DNA technology (Chapter 14) A. recombinant DNA technology = collection of methods used to perform genetic engineering 1. genetic engineering = deliberate modification

More information

Unit 6: DNA and Protein Synthesis Guided Notes

Unit 6: DNA and Protein Synthesis Guided Notes Unit 6: DNA and Protein Synthesis Guided Notes 1 DNA Nucleic Acid review: Nucleic Acids are made of nucleotides. There are two types of nucleotides have 2 rings. They are and They look like: have 1 ring.

More information

Genomics. Genomics. Understanding the human genome. The human genome. Genomics = study of an organism s entire genome or entire DNA sequence

Genomics. Genomics. Understanding the human genome. The human genome. Genomics = study of an organism s entire genome or entire DNA sequence Genomics Genomics Genomics = study of an organism s entire genome or entire DNA sequence billion bases % of DNA shared Humans 3.2 99.5% Chimpanzee 2.8 98.5% Mouse 2.5 80% Chicken 1.0 So what s a genome?

More information

Genetics Lecture 22 Applications. Applications 4/25/2012

Genetics Lecture 22 Applications. Applications 4/25/2012 Genetics Lecture 22 Applications Applications Since the dawn of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, scientists have harnessed genetic engineering not only for biological research, but also for applications

More information

Introduction to Biotechnology

Introduction to Biotechnology Introduction to Biotechnology Biotechnology Biotechnology helps to meet our basic needs. Food, clothing, shelter, health and safety Biotechnology Improvements by using science Science helps in production

More information

Mutations. What is a mutation? a mutation is a change in the sequence of bases in DNA mutations may result in the production of defective proteins

Mutations. What is a mutation? a mutation is a change in the sequence of bases in DNA mutations may result in the production of defective proteins Mutations What is a mutation? a mutation is a change in the sequence of bases in DNA mutations may result in the production of defective proteins Mutations What environmental factors may cause mutations

More information

Page 1. Name: UNIT: GENETICS TOPIC: DNA, GENES, CHROMOSOMES AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Page 1. Name: UNIT: GENETICS TOPIC: DNA, GENES, CHROMOSOMES AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Name: 2705-1 - Page 1 UNIT: GENETICS TOPIC: DNA, GENES, CHROMOSOMES AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1) Which diagram best represents the relative locations of the structures in the key below? 1) 2) 3) 4) 2) Hereditary

More information

DNA/RNA STUDY GUIDE. Match the following scientists with their accomplishments in discovering DNA using the statement in the box below.

DNA/RNA STUDY GUIDE. Match the following scientists with their accomplishments in discovering DNA using the statement in the box below. Name: Period: Date: DNA/RNA STUDY GUIDE Part A: DNA History Match the following scientists with their accomplishments in discovering DNA using the statement in the box below. Used a technique called x-ray

More information

Chapter 8 Recombinant DNA Technology. 10/1/ MDufilho

Chapter 8 Recombinant DNA Technology. 10/1/ MDufilho Chapter 8 Recombinant DNA Technology 10/1/2017 1 MDufilho The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology? Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology Intentionally modifying

More information

Biotechnology: Genomics: field that compares the entire DNA content of different organisms

Biotechnology: Genomics: field that compares the entire DNA content of different organisms Biotechnology: New Terms Today: Genome Genetic engineering, transgenic organisms, GM food, Reproductive and therapeutic cloning Stem cells, plouripotent, totipotent Gene therapy Genomics: field that compares

More information

In order to do transformation, the gene to be transferred is placed into a plasmid. This is done with the help of restriction enzymes, 7

In order to do transformation, the gene to be transferred is placed into a plasmid. This is done with the help of restriction enzymes, 7 Fluorescent Protein Transformation Student Background Genetic transformation occurs when a cell takes up (i.e. takes inside) and expresses a new piece of genetic material DNA. Genetic transformation literally

More information

DNA & DNA Replication

DNA & DNA Replication DNA & DNA Replication DNA Structure How did Watson and Crick contribute to our understanding of genetics? Watson and Crick developed the double helix model for DNA DNA Structure What is a double helix?

More information

Biotech Applications Nucleic acid therapeutics, Antibiotics, Transgenics. BIT 220 End of Chapter 22 (Snustad/Simmons)

Biotech Applications Nucleic acid therapeutics, Antibiotics, Transgenics. BIT 220 End of Chapter 22 (Snustad/Simmons) Biotech Applications Nucleic acid therapeutics, Antibiotics, Transgenics BIT 220 End of Chapter 22 (Snustad/Simmons) Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Agents Many diseases (cancer, inflammatory diseases) from

More information

Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 2. How did Mendel s scientific work differ from the work of T. A. Knight?

Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 2. How did Mendel s scientific work differ from the work of T. A. Knight? Name Date Class CHAPTER 8 DIRECTED READING Mendel and Heredity Section 8-1: The Origins of Genetics Mendel and Others Studied Garden-Pea Traits 1. What did T. A. Knight discover? 2. How did Mendel s scientific

More information

DNA, Genes & Biotechnology. Chapter 5

DNA, Genes & Biotechnology. Chapter 5 DNA, Genes & Biotechnology Chapter 5 What is DNA? (remember?!) DNA = deoxyribose nucleic acid Macromolecule that stores information Contains instructions for building all structures for all living things

More information

Animal Biotechnology: Myths, Lessons, and Possibilities

Animal Biotechnology: Myths, Lessons, and Possibilities These handouts are provided for informational purposes only. The slides and images contained in this presentation may not be used without the prior permission of the presenter. Animal Biotechnology: Myths,

More information

CHAPTER 08: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Pearson Education, Inc.

CHAPTER 08: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 08: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology the use of microorganisms to make practical products Recombinant DNA technology Intentionally

More information

GENETICS: BIOLOGY HSA REVIEW

GENETICS: BIOLOGY HSA REVIEW GENETICS: BIOLOGY HSA REVIEW HSA Review A. Matching: On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition of each term. a. genetics f. gamete b. trait g. probability c. hybrid h. Punnett square d.

More information

STUDY GUIDE ARE GMOS GOOD OR BAD? KEY TERMS: genes DNA genetically-modified

STUDY GUIDE ARE GMOS GOOD OR BAD? KEY TERMS: genes DNA genetically-modified STUDY GUIDE ARE GMOS GOOD OR BAD? KEY TERMS: NOTE-TAKING COLUMN: Complete this section during the video. Include definitions and key terms. genes DNA genetically-modified seeds Monsanto How long have humans

More information

Fundamentals of Genetics. 4. Name the 7 characteristics, giving both dominant and recessive forms of the pea plants, in Mendel s experiments.

Fundamentals of Genetics. 4. Name the 7 characteristics, giving both dominant and recessive forms of the pea plants, in Mendel s experiments. Fundamentals of Genetics 1. What scientist is responsible for our study of heredity? 2. Define heredity. 3. What plant did Mendel use for his hereditary experiments? 4. Name the 7 characteristics, giving

More information

Gene modification. Is This Natural? Recombinant DNA: DNA containing genes from different organisms / species

Gene modification. Is This Natural? Recombinant DNA: DNA containing genes from different organisms / species Chapter 13 Biotechnology Biotechnology: Commercial use of alteration of biological materials to achieve specific, applied goals. Genetic Engineering: The modification of genetic material 1) Examining cellular

More information

3. INHERITED MUTATIONS

3. INHERITED MUTATIONS THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY 1. DNA B4.2 The genetic information encoded in DNA molecules provides instructions for assembling protein molecules. Genes are segments of DNA molecules. Inserting, deleting,

More information

Chapter 9 Genetic Engineering

Chapter 9 Genetic Engineering Chapter 9 Genetic Engineering Biotechnology: use of microbes to make a protein product Recombinant DNA Technology: Insertion or modification of genes to produce desired proteins Genetic engineering: manipulation

More information

Genetics Lecture 21 Recombinant DNA

Genetics Lecture 21 Recombinant DNA Genetics Lecture 21 Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA In 1971, a paper published by Kathleen Danna and Daniel Nathans marked the beginning of the recombinant DNA era. The paper described the isolation of

More information

GCSE (9 1) Combined Science (Biology) A (Gateway Science) J250/02 Paper 2, B4 B6 and CS7 (PAGs B1 B5)

GCSE (9 1) Combined Science (Biology) A (Gateway Science) J250/02 Paper 2, B4 B6 and CS7 (PAGs B1 B5) Oxford Cambridge and RSA GCSE (9 1) Combined Science (Biology) A (Gateway Science) Paper 2, B4 B6 and CS7 (PAGs B1 B5) (Foundation Tier) F Year 11 Test Time allowed: 1 hour 10 minutes You must have: a

More information

Determining Trends in Agriculture

Determining Trends in Agriculture Lesson A2 3 Determining Trends in Agriculture Unit A. Agricultural Literacy Problem Area 2. Recognizing the Role of Agriculture in Society Lesson 3. Determining Trends in Agriculture New Mexico Content

More information

Biology Test Review Microorganisms

Biology Test Review Microorganisms Name: Period: Biology Test Review Microorganisms Use your booklet, notes, & quizzes to complete this review. 1. Define the following terms using a few key words: a. Host cell - victim of the virus b. Retrovirus

More information

The Science of Maryland Agriculture

The Science of Maryland Agriculture Edition 3 (2016) GOAL STATEMENT: Students will learn that DNA is the molecule responsible for the inheritance of traits and will understand that selective breeding and genetic engineering are used to develop

More information

What is Genetic Engineering?

What is Genetic Engineering? Selective Breeding Selective Breeding is when someone (humans) breed organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring having those same traits. This is also called artificial selection, the

More information

GENETICS. I. Review of DNA/RNA A. Basic Structure DNA 3 parts that make up a nucleotide chains wrap around each other to form a

GENETICS. I. Review of DNA/RNA A. Basic Structure DNA 3 parts that make up a nucleotide chains wrap around each other to form a GENETICS I. Review of DNA/RNA A. Basic Structure DNA 3 parts that make up a nucleotide 1. 2. 3. chains wrap around each other to form a Chains run in opposite direction known as Type of bond between the

More information

Challenges for biosafety in the rapid changing field of biotechnology

Challenges for biosafety in the rapid changing field of biotechnology Challenges for biosafety in the rapid changing field of biotechnology Gijsbert van Willigen, PhD Coordinator CBRN Safety & Security LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL HOSPITAL 1Insert > Header & footer 14-Apr-17

More information

Suggest a technique that could be used to provide molecular evidence that all English Elm trees form a clone. ... [1]

Suggest a technique that could be used to provide molecular evidence that all English Elm trees form a clone. ... [1] 1 Molecular evidence E Ulmus procera, form a genetically isolated clone. English Elms developed from a variety of elm brought to Britain from Rome in the first century A.D. Although English Elm trees make

More information

Genetic Engineering & Recombinant DNA

Genetic Engineering & Recombinant DNA Genetic Engineering & Recombinant DNA Chapter 10 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc) Permission required for reproduction or display. Applications of Genetic Engineering Basic science vs. Applied

More information

[ 2 ] [ 3 ] WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? HOW IS BIOTECHNOLOGY DIFFERENT FROM THE TRADITIONAL WAY OF IMPROVING CROPS?

[ 2 ] [ 3 ] WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? HOW IS BIOTECHNOLOGY DIFFERENT FROM THE TRADITIONAL WAY OF IMPROVING CROPS? WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? Biotechnology is a modern technology that makes use of organisms (or parts thereof) to make or modify products; improve and develop microorganisms, plants or animals; or develop

More information

AGRO/ANSC/BIO/GENE/HORT 305 Fall, 2016 Overview of Genetics Lecture outline (Chpt 1, Genetics by Brooker) #1

AGRO/ANSC/BIO/GENE/HORT 305 Fall, 2016 Overview of Genetics Lecture outline (Chpt 1, Genetics by Brooker) #1 AGRO/ANSC/BIO/GENE/HORT 305 Fall, 2016 Overview of Genetics Lecture outline (Chpt 1, Genetics by Brooker) #1 - Genetics: Progress from Mendel to DNA: Gregor Mendel, in the mid 19 th century provided the

More information

Genetic Engineering Challenge How can scientists develop a type of rice that could prevent vitamin A deficiency? 1

Genetic Engineering Challenge How can scientists develop a type of rice that could prevent vitamin A deficiency? 1 Genetic Engineering Challenge How can scientists develop a type of rice that could prevent vitamin A deficiency? 1 Vitamin A deficiency can result in blindness, severe infectious diseases, and even death,

More information

What is Biotechnology? Micro 566 Microbial biotechnology Presented by Prof. Nagwa M. Aref

What is Biotechnology? Micro 566 Microbial biotechnology Presented by Prof. Nagwa M. Aref What is Biotechnology? Micro 566 Microbial biotechnology Presented by Prof. Nagwa M. Aref 1.1 Defining Biotechnology Biotechnology- the study and manipulation of living things or their component molecules,

More information

CHAPTER 2A HOW DO YOU BEGIN TO CLONE A GENE? CHAPTER 2A STUDENT GUIDE 2013 Amgen Foundation. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 2A HOW DO YOU BEGIN TO CLONE A GENE? CHAPTER 2A STUDENT GUIDE 2013 Amgen Foundation. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 2A HOW DO YOU BEGIN TO CLONE A GENE? 35 INTRODUCTION In the Program Introduction, you learned that the increase in diabetes in the United States has resulted in a great demand for its treatment,

More information

DNA/RNA STUDY GUIDE. Match the following scientists with their accomplishments in discovering DNA using the statement in the box below.

DNA/RNA STUDY GUIDE. Match the following scientists with their accomplishments in discovering DNA using the statement in the box below. Name: Period: Date: DNA/RNA STUDY GUIDE Part A: DNA History Match the following scientists with their accomplishments in discovering DNA using the statement in the box below. Used a technique called x-ray

More information

How to print this document: 1. Recombinant/ Cell Trans GMOs Cloning Stem Cells HGP Gel Electrophoresis

How to print this document: 1. Recombinant/ Cell Trans GMOs Cloning Stem Cells HGP Gel Electrophoresis How to print this document: 1. Recombinant/ Cell Trans 3-12 2. GMOs 14-23 3. Cloning 25-28 4. Stem Cells 30-34 5. HGP 36-39 6. Gel Electrophoresis 41-43 Cell Transformation A cell takes in DNA from outside

More information

Daily Agenda. Make Checklist: Think Time Replication, Transcription, and Translation Quiz Mutation Notes Download Gene Screen for ipad

Daily Agenda. Make Checklist: Think Time Replication, Transcription, and Translation Quiz Mutation Notes Download Gene Screen for ipad Daily Agenda Make Checklist: Think Time Replication, Transcription, and Translation Quiz Mutation Notes Download Gene Screen for ipad Genetic Engineering Students will be able to exemplify ways that introduce

More information

GCSE (9 1) Combined Science (Biology) A (Gateway Science) J250/08 Paper 8, B4 B6 and CS7 (PAGs B1 B5) (Higher Tier)

GCSE (9 1) Combined Science (Biology) A (Gateway Science) J250/08 Paper 8, B4 B6 and CS7 (PAGs B1 B5) (Higher Tier) Oxford Cambridge and RSA GCSE (9 1) Combined Science (Biology) A (Gateway Science) Paper 8, B4 B6 and CS7 (PAGs B1 B5) (Higher Tier) Year 11 Test Time allowed: 1 hour 10 minutes You must have: a ruler

More information

GMOs and Pasteurization

GMOs and Pasteurization GMOs and Pasteurization Pasteurization Discovery of Pasteurization The process of pasteurization was named after Louis Pasteur in 1863 He was searching for the reason behind the spoilage of wine and beer

More information

Genetic Engineering 1

Genetic Engineering 1 Genetic Engineering 1 1952 First animal cloned Northern Leapord Frog Robert Briggs and Thomas King 2 1996 Dolly The first sheep to be cloned from ADULT cells is born. 3 4 5 The possibility that through

More information

Chp 10 Patterns of Inheritance

Chp 10 Patterns of Inheritance Chp 10 Patterns of Inheritance Dogs, one of human s longest genetic experiments Over 1,000 s of years, humans have chosen and mated dogs with specific traits. A process called -artificial selection The

More information

How have humans genetically manipulated other organisms in the past?

How have humans genetically manipulated other organisms in the past? Genetic Engineering Have you eaten genetically modified food? Frito-Lay Corn Chips Cap n Crunch Cereal Kellogg s Corn Flakes General Mills Total Corn Flakes Cereal Quaker Chewy Granola Bars Nabisco Snackwell

More information

Recombinant DNA Technology. The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology. yeast. Biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology.

Recombinant DNA Technology. The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology. yeast. Biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 8 Recombinant DNA Technology The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology?

More information

17.1 Variation, 17.2 Chromosomes and DNA, 17.3 Monohybrid Inheritance, 17.4 Selection, 17.5 Genetic Engineering SYLLABUS CHECKLIST

17.1 Variation, 17.2 Chromosomes and DNA, 17.3 Monohybrid Inheritance, 17.4 Selection, 17.5 Genetic Engineering SYLLABUS CHECKLIST Topic 17 INHERITANCE 17.1 Variation, 17.2 Chromosomes and DNA, 17.3 Monohybrid Inheritance, 17.4 Selection, 17.5 Genetic Engineering SUFEATIN SURHAN BIOLOGY MSPSBS 2010 SYLLABUS CHECKLIST Candidates should

More information

Genetic Modification in Our World. By: Paisley, Michael, Blake, and Elyse

Genetic Modification in Our World. By: Paisley, Michael, Blake, and Elyse Genetic Modification in Our World By: Paisley, Michael, Blake, and Elyse Biopharming Genetically Modified Foods BIoremediation process of genetically modifying plants and animals to produce substances

More information

8.2 Human Inheritance

8.2 Human Inheritance www.ck12.org Chapter 8. Human Genetics and Biotechnology 8.2 Human Inheritance Lesson Objectives Describe inheritance in humans for autosomal and X-linked traits. Identify complex modes of human inheritance.

More information

Q1. Insect pests can be controlled without using chemical insecticides.

Q1. Insect pests can be controlled without using chemical insecticides. Q1. Insect pests can be controlled without using chemical insecticides. For example, the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces a toxin extremely poisonous to certain species of insects. The gene which

More information

Heredity: The process in which characteristics or traits pass from parents to offspring. Think, Pair, Share some characteristics that you have in

Heredity: The process in which characteristics or traits pass from parents to offspring. Think, Pair, Share some characteristics that you have in Genetics Grade 7 1 Heredity: The process in which characteristics or traits pass from parents to offspring. Think, Pair, Share some characteristics that you have in common with either parent 2 Tracking

More information