Midterm#1 comments#2. Overview- chapter 6. Crossing-over
|
|
- Jacob Brooks
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Midterm#1 comments#2 So far, ~ 50 % of exams graded, wide range of results: 5 perfect scores (200 pts) Lowest score so far, 25 pts Partial credit is given if you get part of the answer right Tests will be returned this Thursday Discussion section this week with go over genetic fundamentals to help you solve problems- you must understand these fundamentals to pass the course. Overview- chapter 6 In meiosis, recombinant products with new combinations of parental alleles are generated by: independent assortment (segregation) of alleles on nonhomologous chromosomes. crossing-over in premeiotic S between nonsister homologs. In dihybrid meiosis, 50% recombinants indicates either that genes are on different chromosomes or that they are far apart on the same chromosome. Recombination frequencies can be used to map gene loci to relative positions; such maps are linear. Crossing-over involves formation of DNA heteroduplex. Crossing-over No loss of genetic material, just formation of new chromatids Parental chromatids are noncrossover products Recombinant chromatids are always products of crossing-over
2 Consequences of crossing-over Frequency of recombinant gametes is 0-50%, depending on frequency of meiocytes with crossing-over Results in deviation from 1:1:1:1 in testcrosses parental combination is most frequent recombinant combination is rarest Allows drawing of linkage maps based on recombination frequencies (RF) Linkage maps Two genes (loci) on the same chromosome can exhibit linkage = co-inheritance The closer two genes are to each other, the more likely they are to show linkage why? Because crossing over occurs by chance and the more DNA that separates two genes, the greater the likelihood of a cross over (=recombination event) Groups of genes can be mapped using cross overs to show their relative order on a chromosome or part of a chromosome ( = linkage group) Distance between genes is determined by map units = recombination frequencies, 1 mu= 1% recombination between 2 genes Is recombination perfect for maps? Some cross overs will restore the parental phase of genes used as markers, as the last diagram showed In an experiment where you follow 3 markers, a double cross over between the 2 outside markers will produce double recombinants that have the parental allelic combinations - So, recombination underestimates the physical distance (length of DNA) between the markers, and small intervals are used to sum big distances.
3 Recombination frequency (RF) Experimentally determined from frequency of recombinant phenotypes in testcrosses Roughly proportional to physical length of DNA between loci Greater physical distance between two loci, greater chance of recombination by crossing-over 1% recombinants = 1 map unit (m.u.) 1 m.u. = 1 centimorgan (cm) Linkage maps # observed RF is (60+50)/400=25%, clearly less than 50% Map is given by: A B 25 m.u. Mapping RF analysis determines relative gene order RF between same two loci may be different in different strains or sexes RF values are roughly additive up to 50% multiple crossovers essentially uncouple loci, mimicking independent assortment Maps based on RF can be combined with molecular and cytological analyses to provide more precise locations of genes
4 What do we need to do trihybrid mapping? This is a linkage analysis or testcross for assigning relative gene distance (in recombination frequency) and gene order using 3 markers (loci, genes) at once, here vestigial, purple, and black One parent will be heterozygous for 3 different genes (construct this genotype by breeding) The other parent will be homozygous recessive for those same genes (find or construct this one too) There are 2x2x2 =8 gametic genotypes that are possible, and we have to be able to infer the genotype from the phenotype ( that is why we use the triple recessive in the testcross) Trihybrid testcross Sometimes called three-point testcross Determines gene order as well as relative gene distances 8 categories of offspring for linked genes, significant departure from 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1 Works best with large numbers of offspring, as in fungi, Drosophila Analysis of trihybrid testcross data Identify pairs of parental and recombinant offspring parental (noncrossover); most abundant double crossovers; least abundant single crossovers; intermediate abundance identify on the basis of reciprocal combinations of alleles Determine gene order by inspection (the parental gene order yields double crossovers by switching middle genes) Calculate RF for single crossovers, adding double crossovers each time Draw map
5 Genetic maps Useful in understanding and experimenting with the genome of organisms Available for many organisms in the literature and at Web sites Maps based on RF are supplemented with maps based on molecular markers, segments of chromosomes with different nucleotide sequences Tomato genotypes and the CEO Your sister s high end restaurant serves expensive beaked, yellow tomatoes, and you want to corner the market in Hawaii, make lots of money, and retire at 30! From Bio 375 you ve learned that those two markers should be on different chromosomes beaked on 1, yellow on 2 You ask if these are really unlinked genes, so you plant a garden from seeds you gathered in a greenhouse experiment of crossing, and now have parentals and recombinants, but the numbers aren t exact and you don t want to waste your money. What to do? Chi-square test Statistical analysis of goodness of fit between observed data and expected outcome (null hypothesis) Calculates the probability of chance deviations from expectation if hypothesis is true 5% cutoff for rejecting hypothesis may therefore reject true hypothesis statistical tests never provide certainty, merely probability Example of a test? Start with a cross between A/A.B/B and a/a.b/b, in our case this could be non-beaked, red x beaked, yellow plants. Obtain a dihybrid, A/a.B/b (non-beaked, and red), testcross to a beaked, yellow plant (a/a.b/b) Get 500 progeny, classified as 142 A.B (non-beaked, red) 133 a.b (beaked, yellow) 113 A.b (non-beaked, yellow) 112 a.b (beaked, red) Add the classes; parentals = 275 ( ) recombinants = 225 ( ), so RF= 225/500 =45%, and is <50%, so are these genes linked?
Linkage & Genetic Mapping in Eukaryotes. Ch. 6
Linkage & Genetic Mapping in Eukaryotes Ch. 6 1 LINKAGE AND CROSSING OVER! In eukaryotic species, each linear chromosome contains a long piece of DNA A typical chromosome contains many hundred or even
More informationLECTURE 5: LINKAGE AND GENETIC MAPPING
LECTURE 5: LINKAGE AND GENETIC MAPPING Reading: Ch. 5, p. 113-131 Problems: Ch. 5, solved problems I, II; 5-2, 5-4, 5-5, 5.7 5.9, 5-12, 5-16a; 5-17 5-19, 5-21; 5-22a-e; 5-23 The dihybrid crosses that we
More informationLINKAGE AND CHROMOSOME MAPPING IN EUKARYOTES
LINKAGE AND CHROMOSOME MAPPING IN EUKARYOTES Objectives: Upon completion of this lab, the students should be able to: Understand the different stages of meiosis. Describe the events during each phase of
More informationLinkage & Crossing over
Linkage & Crossing over Linkage Hereditary units or genes which determine the characters of an individual are carried in the chromosomes and an individual usually has many genes for the determination of
More informationGenetics - Problem Drill 05: Genetic Mapping: Linkage and Recombination
Genetics - Problem Drill 05: Genetic Mapping: Linkage and Recombination No. 1 of 10 1. A corn geneticist crossed a crinkly dwarf (cr) and male sterile (ms) plant; The F1 are male fertile with normal height.
More informationConcepts of Genetics Ninth Edition Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino
PowerPoint Lecture Presentation for Concepts of Genetics Ninth Edition Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino Chapter 5 Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes Copyright Copyright 2009 Pearson 2009 Pearson Education,
More information-Genes on the same chromosome are called linked. Human -23 pairs of chromosomes, ~35,000 different genes expressed.
Linkage -Genes on the same chromosome are called linked Human -23 pairs of chromosomes, ~35,000 different genes expressed. - average of 1,500 genes/chromosome Following Meiosis Parental chromosomal types
More informationFINDING THE PAIN GENE How do geneticists connect a specific gene with a specific phenotype?
FINDING THE PAIN GENE How do geneticists connect a specific gene with a specific phenotype? 1 Linkage & Recombination HUH? What? Why? Who cares? How? Multiple choice question. Each colored line represents
More informationGenetics II: Linkage and the Chromosomal Theory
Genetics II: Linkage and the Chromosomal Theory An individual has two copies of each particle of inheritance (gene). These two copies separate during the formation of gametes and come together when the
More informationHuman linkage analysis. fundamental concepts
Human linkage analysis fundamental concepts Genes and chromosomes Alelles of genes located on different chromosomes show independent assortment (Mendel s 2nd law) For 2 genes: 4 gamete classes with equal
More informationGene Linkage and Genetic. Mapping. Key Concepts. Key Terms. Concepts in Action
Gene Linkage and Genetic 4 Mapping Key Concepts Genes that are located in the same chromosome and that do not show independent assortment are said to be linked. The alleles of linked genes present together
More informationObserving Patterns in Inherited Traits. Chapter 11
Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits Chapter 11 Impacts, Issues: The Color of Skin Like most human traits, skin color has a genetic basis; more than 100 gene products affect the synthesis and deposition
More informationWe can use a Punnett Square to determine how the gametes will recombine in the next, or F2 generation.
AP Lab 7: The Mendelian Genetics of Corn Objectives: In this laboratory investigation, you will: Use corn to study genetic crosses, recognize contrasting phenotypes, collect data from F 2 ears of corn,
More informationObserving Patterns In Inherited Traits
Observing Patterns In Inherited Traits Ø Where Modern Genetics Started/ Gregor Mendel Ø Law of Segregation Ø Law of Independent Assortment Ø Non-Mendelian Inheritance Ø Complex Variations in Traits Genetics:
More informationAnswers to additional linkage problems.
Spring 2013 Biology 321 Answers to Assignment Set 8 Chapter 4 http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/trent/trent/iga_10e_sm_chapter_04.pdf Answers to additional linkage problems. Problem -1 In this cell, there two copies
More informationChapter 6. Linkage Analysis and Mapping. Three point crosses mapping strategy examples. ! Mapping human genes
Chapter 6 Linkage Analysis and Mapping Three point crosses mapping strategy examples! Mapping human genes Three point crosses Faster and more accurate way to map genes Simultaneous analysis of three markers
More informationIntroduction. Thomas Hunt Morgan. Chromosomes and Inheritance. Drosophila melanogaster
Chromosomes and Inheritance 1 4 Fig. 12-10, p. 244 Introduction It was not until 1900 that biology finally caught up with Gregor Mendel. Independently, Karl Correns, Erich von Tschermak, and Hugo de Vries
More informationIndentification and Mapping of Unknown Mutations in the Fruit Fly in Drosophila melanogaster. By Michael Tekin and Vincent Saraceno
Indentification and Mapping of Unknown Mutations in the Fruit Fly in Drosophila melanogaster By Michael Tekin and Vincent Saraceno Bilology 332 Section 2 December 5, 2012 Abstract The code of the unknown
More informationTopic 11. Genetics. I. Patterns of Inheritance: One Trait Considered
Topic 11. Genetics Introduction. Genetics is the study of how the biological information that determines the structure and function of organisms is passed from one generation to the next. It is also concerned
More informationChapter 5: Overview. Overview. Introduction. Genetic linkage and. Genes located on the same chromosome. linkage. recombinant progeny with genotypes
Chapter 5: Genetic linkage and chromosome mapping. Overview Introduction Linkage and recombination of genes in a chromosome Principles of genetic mapping Building linkage maps Chromosome and chromatid
More informationGregor Mendel. Austrian Monk Worked with pea plants
Gregor Mendel Austrian Monk Worked with pea plants A. True Breeding Pea Plants Self pollinate and produce new plants genetically identical to themselves Mendel decides to cross pollinate the plants Offspring
More informationWould expect variation to disappear Variation in traits persists (Example: freckles show up in unfreckled parents offspring!)
Genetics Early Ideas about Heredity People knew that sperm and eggs transmitted information about traits Blending theory mother and father s traits blended together Problem: Would expect variation to disappear
More informationMendel and the Gene Idea
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Lectures
More informationGenetics & The Work of Mendel
Genetics & The Work of Mendel He studied at the University of Vienna from 1851 to 1853 where he was influenced by a physicist who encouraged experimentation and the application of mathematics to science
More informationBiology Slide 1 of 18
Biology 1 of 18 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps 2 of 18 Gene Linkage What structures actually assort independently? 3 of 18 Gene Linkage Gene Linkage Thomas Hunt Morgan s research on fruit flies led him to
More information12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: Locating Genes
More informationExam 1 Answers Biology 210 Sept. 20, 2006
Exam Answers Biology 20 Sept. 20, 2006 Name: Section:. (5 points) Circle the answer that gives the maximum number of different alleles that might exist for any one locus in a normal mammalian cell. A.
More informationChapter 4 Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping
Chapter 4 Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping 1 Important Definitions Locus = physical location of a gene on a chromosome Homologous pairs of chromosomes often contain alternative forms of a given gene =
More informationChapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 4: Mendel and the Gene Idea. The Experiments of Gregor Mendel 2. Beyond Mendelian Genetics 3. Human Genetics . The Experiments of Gregor Mendel Chapter Reading pp. 268-276 TECHNIQUE Parental generation
More informationGENETICS AND MENDEL 2/4/2018. Mendel s Experiment. Genetic Terms. Genetic Terms. Mendel: Experiment 1 HISTORY OF DISCOVERERY OF HEREDITY
HISTORY OF DISCOVERERY OF HEREDITY 1851: Gregor Mendel, father of heredity studied pea plants GENETICS AND MENDEL prevented self pollination used cross pollination brought experimental and quantitative
More informationThe Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION
More informationMidterm 1 Results. Midterm 1 Akey/ Fields Median Number of Students. Exam Score
Midterm 1 Results 10 Midterm 1 Akey/ Fields Median - 69 8 Number of Students 6 4 2 0 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101 Exam Score Quick review of where we left off Parental type: the
More informationB.6.F predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such as monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses and non Mendelian inheritance
B.6.F predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such as monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses and non Mendelian inheritance Gregor Mendel Austrian monk * Studied science and mathematics
More informationEstimation of Genetic Recombination Frequency with the Help of Logarithm Of Odds (LOD) Method
ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753 ISSN (Print) : 237-6710 Estimation of Genetic Recombination Frequency with the Help of Logarithm Of Odds (LOD) Method Jugal Gogoi 1, Tazid Ali 2 Research Scholar, Department of
More informationMENDELIAN GENETICS This presentation contains copyrighted material under the educational fair use exemption to the U.S. copyright law.
MENDELIAN GENETICS This presentation contains copyrighted material under the educational fair use exemption to the U.S. copyright law. Gregor Mendel! 19 th century Austrian monk! Interested in heredity!
More informationCentral Dogma of genetics: DNA -> Transcription -> RNA -> Translation > Protein
Genetics Midterm 1 Chapter 1: Purines: Adenine (double bond), Guanine (Triple Bond) Pyrimidines: Thymine (double bond), Cytosine (Triple Bond), Uracil Central Dogma of genetics: DNA -> Transcription ->
More informationInheritance Biology. Unit Map. Unit
Unit 8 Unit Map 8.A Mendelian principles 482 8.B Concept of gene 483 8.C Extension of Mendelian principles 485 8.D Gene mapping methods 495 8.E Extra chromosomal inheritance 501 8.F Microbial genetics
More informationChapter 6 Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes
Chapter 6 Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes Early Observations By 1903 Sutton pointed out likelihood that there were many more unit factors than chromosomes in most species Shortly, observations
More informationChapter 02 Mendel s Principles of Heredity
Chapter 02 Mendel s Principles of Heredity Multiple Choice Questions 1. What was the importance of Mendel performing reciprocal crosses? To be able to breed plants all year round To obtain enough plants
More informationCHAPTER 4 STURTEVANT: THE FIRST GENETIC MAP: DROSOPHILA X CHROMOSOME LINKED GENES MAY BE MAPPED BY THREE-FACTOR TEST CROSSES STURTEVANT S EXPERIMENT
CHAPTER 4 STURTEVANT: THE FIRST GENETIC MAP: DROSOPHILA X CHROMOSOME In 1913, Alfred Sturtevant drew a logical conclusion from Morgan s theories of crossing-over, suggesting that the information gained
More informationDr. Mallery Biology Workshop Fall Semester CELL REPRODUCTION and MENDELIAN GENETICS
Dr. Mallery Biology 150 - Workshop Fall Semester CELL REPRODUCTION and MENDELIAN GENETICS CELL REPRODUCTION The goal of today's exercise is for you to look at mitosis and meiosis and to develop the ability
More information& Practice
IB BIOLOGY 4.1-4.3 & 10.1-10.3 Practice 1. Red-green colour blindness is a sex-linked condition. Which of the following always shows normal vision? (HL p1 May09 TZ1 q11) A. A homozygous male B. A homozygous
More informationCh. 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea
Ch. 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea 2006-2007 Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid-1800s in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas used experimental method
More informationActive Learning Exercise 8 Mendelian Genetics & the Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Name Biol 211 - Group Number Active Learning Exercise 8 Mendelian Genetics & the Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Reference: Chapter 14-15 (Biology by Campbell/Reece, 8 th ed.) Note: In addition to the
More informationGenetics Essentials 9/10/13. Concepts and Connections. Mendel and His Study of Heredity. The Case of the Red Hair. Before we Continue
Benjamin A. Pierce Genetics Essentials Concepts and Connections SECOND EDITION CHAPTER 3 Basic Principles of Heredity CHAPTER 3 OUTLINE 3.1 Gregor Mendel Discovered the Basic Principles of Heredity, 44
More informationMendel & Inheritance. SC.912.L.16.1 Use Mendel s laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance.
Mendel & Inheritance SC.912.L.16.1 Use Mendel s laws of segregation and independent assortment Mendel s Law of Segregation: gene pairs separate when gametes (sex cells) are formed; each gamete as only
More informationfour chromosomes ` four chromosomes correct markers (sister chromatids identical!)
Name KEY total=107 pts 1. Genes G and H are on one chromosome; gene F is on another chromosome. Assume the organism is diploid and that there is no crossing over in this species. You are examining the
More informationGenetics of dairy production
Genetics of dairy production E-learning course from ESA Charlotte DEZETTER ZBO101R11550 Table of contents I - Genetics of dairy production 3 1. Learning objectives... 3 2. Review of Mendelian genetics...
More informationClassical (Mendelian) Genetics. Gregor Mendel
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics Gregor Mendel Vocabulary Genetics: The scientific study of heredity Allele: Alternate forms of a gene/factor. Genotype: combination of alleles an organism has. Phenotype:
More informationQ.2: Write whether the statement is true or false. Correct the statement if it is false.
Solved Exercise Biology (II) Q.1: Fill In the blanks. i. is the basic unit of biological information. ii. A sudden change in the structure of a gene is called. iii. is the chance of an event to occur.
More informationGenetics Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Genetics Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 41. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele
More informationRecombination. The kinetochore ("spindle attachment ) always separates reductionally at anaphase I and equationally at anaphase II.
Recombination Chromosome Separations At Anaphase I And II Mather (1935 pp. 53-62). Reductional vs. equational separations Reductional Division: Sister chromatids go to same pole at anaphase I Equational
More informationInheritance (IGCSE Biology Syllabus )
Inheritance (IGCSE Biology Syllabus 2016-2018) Key definitions Chromosome Allele Gene Haploid nucleus Diploid nucleus Genotype Phenotype Homozygous Heterozygous Dominant Recessive A thread of DNA, made
More informationRead each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 2. How did Mendel s scientific work differ from the work of T. A. Knight?
Name Date Class CHAPTER 8 DIRECTED READING Mendel and Heredity Section 8-1: The Origins of Genetics Mendel and Others Studied Garden-Pea Traits 1. What did T. A. Knight discover? 2. How did Mendel s scientific
More information#3: Random Fertilization. If DNA replication and cell division are both so precise, and so accurate, why are we all so unique??
Today: Microbial Genetics Wrap-up Mendelian Genetics Adding Chromosomes to the Mix?? Tomorrow: UW Fieldtrip! Back to Eukaryotes: Bringing in Mendel If DNA replication and cell division are both so precise,
More informationSolve Mendelian Genetics Problems
Solve Problems Free PDF ebook Download: Solve Problems Download or Read Online ebook solve mendelian genetics problems in PDF Format From The Best User Guide Database AP Biology I ' Cate. PRACTICE 1: BASIC.
More informationChapter 11 Reading Guide: Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 11 Reading Guide: Mendel and the Gene Idea Since you have completed a first-year high school biology course, some of this chapter will serve as a review for the basic concepts of Mendelian genetics.
More informationThe information in this document is meant to cover topic 4 and topic 10 of the IB syllabus. Details of meiosis are found in Notes for Cells.
The information in this document is meant to cover topic 4 and topic 10 of the IB syllabus. Details of meiosis are found in Notes for Cells. Mendelian Genetics Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk, who,
More informationGenetics Lab Biology 322 Fall 2013
Genetics Lab Biology 322 Fall 2013 CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS AND MENDEL'S SECOND LAW REVISITED: Independent assortment versus linkage of gene pairs during gamete formation Allele and genotype symbolism: application
More informationGenetics & The Work of Mendel
Genetics & The Work of Mendel TEKS 6 Science concepts. The student knows the mechanisms of genetics, including the role of nucleic acids and the principles of Mendelian Genetics. The student is expected
More informationBiol 1408 : Chapter 9 Patterns of Inheritance
Biol 08 : Chapter Patterns of Inheritance We previously discussed mono - hybrid crosses The Experiment P generation (true-breeding parents) Purple flowers White flowers F generation All plants have purple
More informationModes of Inheritance Adapted by Ellen G. Dow for QBIC Genetics Lab 2017
Modes of Inheritance Adapted by Ellen G. Dow for QBIC Genetics Lab 2017 I. The Laws of Mendelian inheritance Learning objectives: Determine phenotypes and genotypes of organisms in different scenarios.
More informationGregor Mendel solved the puzzle of heredity
11.1 Mendel and the Garden Pea Heredity: the tendency for traits to be passed from parent to offspring heritable features: characters traits are alternative forms of a character Genes Alleles loci Gregor
More information(b) Draw a genetic linkage map showing map distances between met, thi, and pur.
Botany 132 Final exam 2002 Name Please show all of your work in answering the questions below. 1. F- bacterial cells of genotype met - thi - pur - were conjugated with F+ cells with the genotype met +
More informationUnit 10: Genetics. Chapter 9: Read P
Unit 10: Genetics Chapter 9: Read P. 145-167 10.0 Genetics The Definition of Genetics The study of heredity and how traits are passed on through generations. Gregor Mendel: The Father of Genetics Gregor
More informationGENETICS AND MENDEL 2/20/2013. Mendel s Experiment. Genetic Terms. How is each group the same? How is each group different?
GENETICS AND MENDEL How is each group the same? How is each group different? Heredity transmission of traits from parents to offspring Genetics study of heredity HISTORY OF DISCOVERERY OF HEREDITY Up to
More informationIntroduction to Genetics. Bruce Walsh lecture notes Uppsala EQG course version 28 Jan 2012
Introduction to Genetics Bruce Walsh lecture notes Uppsala EQG course version 28 Jan 2012 Darwin and Mendel Mendel genetics Topics Mendel's experiments Mendel's laws Genes and chromosomes Linkage Prior
More informationChromosomal Inheritance
Chromosomal Inheritance 1. Explain how the observations of cytologists and geneticists provided the basis for the chromosome theory of inheritance. TT X tt 2. Describe the contributions that Thomas Hunt
More informationIntroduction to Genetics. DANILO V. ROGAYAN JR. Faculty, Department of Natural Sciences
Introduction to Genetics DANILO V. ROGAYAN JR. Faculty, Department of Natural Sciences GENETICS Introduction to Genetics and heredity Gregor Mendel a brief bio Genetic terminology (glossary) Monohybrid
More information1/21/ Exploring Mendelian Genetics. What is the principle of independent assortment? Independent Assortment. Biology.
Biology 1 of 31 11-3 Exploring Mendelian Exploring Genetics Mendelian Genetics 2 of 31 What is the principle of independent assortment? 3 of 31 1 The principle of independent assortment states that genes
More informationVideo Tutorial 9.1: Determining the map distance between genes
Video Tutorial 9.1: Determining the map distance between genes Three-factor linkage questions may seem daunting at first, but there is a straight-forward approach to solving these problems. We have described
More informationA/A;b/b x a/a;b/b. The doubly heterozygous F1 progeny generally show a single phenotype, determined by the dominant alleles of the two genes.
Name: Date: Title: Gene Interactions in Corn. Introduction. The phenotype of an organism is determined, at least in part, by its genotype. Thus, given the genotype of an organism, and an understanding
More informationwheat yield (tonnes ha 1 ) year Key: total yield contribution to yield made by selective breeding Fig. 4.1
1 Wheat is an important food crop in many European countries. Developments in farming allowed the yield of wheat produced by farms in the UK to increase rapidly in the second half of the 20th century.
More informationGenetics is the study of heredity
What is Genetics? Genetics is the study of heredity Heredity is the transmission of traits from parent to offspring. These factors determine individual characteristics: responsible for the resemblances
More informationFigure 1: Testing the CIT: T.H. Morgan s Fruit Fly Mating Experiments
I. Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance As early cytologists worked out the mechanism of cell division in the late 1800 s, they began to notice similarities in the behavior of BOTH chromosomes & Mendel s
More informationExploring Mendelian Genetics. Dihybrid crosses. Dihybrid crosses
Objective 8: Predict the results of dihybrid genetic crosses by using Punnett squares Exploring Mendelian Genetics 11.3 Dihybrid cross--a cross that involves two pairs of contrasting traits. A cross between
More informationBio 311 Learning Objectives
Bio 311 Learning Objectives This document outlines the learning objectives for Biol 311 (Principles of Genetics). Biol 311 is part of the BioCore within the Department of Biological Sciences; therefore,
More informationBiology Genetics Practice Quiz
Biology Genetics Practice Quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The table above shows information related to blood types. What genotype(s)
More informationLS50B Problem Set #7
LS50B Problem Set #7 Due Friday, March 25, 2016 at 5 PM Problem 1: Genetics warm up Answer the following questions about core concepts that will appear in more detail on the rest of the Pset. 1. For a
More informationDO NOT OPEN UNTIL TOLD TO START
DO NOT OPEN UNTIL TOLD TO START BIO 312, Section 1, Spring 2011 February 21, 2011 Exam 1 Name (print neatly) Instructor 7 digit student ID INSTRUCTIONS: 1. There are 11 pages to the exam. Make sure you
More informationLecture 3 Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses
THE MONOHYBRID CROSS Lecture 3 Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses FOLLOWING THE INHERITANCE OF ONE TRAIT Monohybrid cross Parents differ by a single trait. Crossing two pea plants that differ in stem size,
More informationBiology Summer 2013 MIDTERM EXAM
Biology 105 - Summer 2013 MIDTERM EXAM Name: SCORE: 5 X 2 Point Questions 10 points 12 X 5 Point Questions 60 points 4 X 10 Point Questions 40 points Drop the lowest of the 10 point questions -10 points
More informationLab Mendelian Genetics-Exploring Genetic Probability -Revisiting Mendel s Observations
NAMES: (one packet per partner pair to be turned in) DATE: Lab Mendelian Genetics-Exploring Genetic -Revisiting Mendel s Observations Purpose: Students will 1. Learn that probability is strongly related
More informationDO NOT OPEN UNTIL TOLD TO START
DO NOT OPEN UNTIL TOLD TO START BIO 312, Section 1: Fall 2012 September 25 th, 2012 Exam 1 Name (print neatly) Signature 7 digit student ID INSTRUCTIONS: 1. There are 14 pages to the exam. Make sure you
More informationGene Mapping. Biology 20. Principles of Gene Mapping & Practice Problems. See Freeman 2e pp ; or Campbell 7e pp
Biology 20 Gene Mapping Principles of Gene Mapping & Practice Problems See Freeman 2e pp. 285-287; or Campbell 7e pp. 277-281. The central idea of gene mapping, as first developed by Sturtevant, is that
More informationGenetic Problems (II) TWO or MORE GENE INHERITANCE
Genetic Problems (II) TWO or MORE GENE INHERITANCE 1. What are the expected phenotypic and genotypic ratios in the F1 generation? dominant to long hair guinea pigs. a. P= Pure bred black, short hair mated
More informationGENETICS. I. Review of DNA/RNA A. Basic Structure DNA 3 parts that make up a nucleotide chains wrap around each other to form a
GENETICS I. Review of DNA/RNA A. Basic Structure DNA 3 parts that make up a nucleotide 1. 2. 3. chains wrap around each other to form a Chains run in opposite direction known as Type of bond between the
More informationPopulation and Community Dynamics. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Population and Community Dynamics The Hardy-Weinberg Principle Key Terms Population: same species, same place, same time Gene: unit of heredity. Controls the expression of a trait. Can be passed to offspring.
More information6.5. Traits and Probability. Punnett squares illustrate genetic crosses.
6.5 Traits and Probability VOCABULARY Punnett square monohybrid cross testcross dihybrid cross law o independent assortment probability Key Concept The inheritance o traits ollows the rules o probability.
More informationProblem set questions from Exam 1 Unit Basic Genetic Tests, Setting up and Analyzing Crosses, and Genetic Mapping
Problem set questions from Exam 1 Unit Basic Genetic Tests, Setting up and Analyzing Crosses, and Genetic Mapping Basic genetic tests for complementation and/or dominance 1. You have isolated 20 new mutant
More informationNON MENDELIAN GENETICS. DNA, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, MUTATIONS DUE DECEMBER 8TH
NON MENDELIAN GENETICS. DNA, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, MUTATIONS DUE DECEMBER 8TH MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY 11/14 11/15 11/16 11/17 11/18 Non-Mendelian Genetics DNA Structure and Replication 11/28
More informationChapter 14. Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel documented a particular mechanism for inheritance. Mendel developed his theory of inheritance several decades before chromosomes were observed
More informationNon Mendelian Genetics
Non Mendelian Genetics TEKS 6 Science concepts. The student knows the mechanisms of genetics, including the role of nucleic acids and the principles of Mendelian Genetics. The student is expected to: 6F
More informationGenetics. What DNA is telling us!
Genetics What DNA is telling us! Learning Goals The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Key concepts include: 1. prediction of inheritance of
More information1a. What is the ratio of feathered to unfeathered shanks in the offspring of the above cross?
Problem Set 5 answers 1. Whether or not the shanks of chickens contains feathers is due to two independently assorting genes. Individuals have unfeathered shanks when they are homozygous for recessive
More informationFundamentals of Genetics. 4. Name the 7 characteristics, giving both dominant and recessive forms of the pea plants, in Mendel s experiments.
Fundamentals of Genetics 1. What scientist is responsible for our study of heredity? 2. Define heredity. 3. What plant did Mendel use for his hereditary experiments? 4. Name the 7 characteristics, giving
More informationWhat DNA is telling us!
Genetics What DNA is telling us! Learning Goals The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Key concepts include: 1. prediction of inheritance of
More informationChapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea Name Period If you have completed a first-year high school biology course, some of this chapter will serve as a review for the basic concepts of Mendelian genetics.
More informationAn introduction to genetics and molecular biology
An introduction to genetics and molecular biology Cavan Reilly September 5, 2017 Table of contents Introduction to biology Some molecular biology Gene expression Mendelian genetics Some more molecular
More informationchromosome locus of gene
Genetic Terminology chromosome locus of gene gene alleles a B A B Each chromosome consists of; A linear sequence of genes c d c D A centromere Regions of repetitive DNA NOT organised into genes Term Phenotype
More information