Dr Umi Kalsom Abu Bakar & Dr Chubashini Suntharalingam Malaysian Agricultural Research And Developement Institute (MARDI)

Transcription

1 Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition April 2015 Kota.Kinabalu, Sabah Dr Umi Kalsom Abu Bakar & Dr Chubashini Suntharalingam Malaysian Agricultural Research And Developement Institute (MARDI)

2 1 Climate change 2 3 Emerging pest & diseases 4 Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

3 1 2 DYNAMIC 3 COMPETITIVE Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

4 NEW AGRICULTURE CURRENT STATUS TRANSFORM ENABLERS FUTURE STATUS Traditional Small-scale Non-competitive Local market Land Infrastructure Financial Technology (BIOTECHNOLOGY) Human Resource Delivery system Technology driven Market driven Modern Commercial scale Competitive Global market Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute

5 Critical Technologies Along The Agriculture Value Chain (From Farm To Table) Farm Consumer Breed/ Variety/ Multiplication Production system Handling of Produce Processing Packaging & Storage Marketing & Distribution Development of improved crop varieties through breeding Development of production system for crop varieties Development of pre and post harvest technologies for crop varieties Development of processing technology for agrobased industries

6 BREEDING - Development of improved crop varieties RICE with the following traits: Tolerant against Drought Salinity Resistant against Sheath blight Plant hopper Agronomy High yielding Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute

7 BREEDING - Development of improved crop varieties PAPAYA with the following traits: Trait Resistant against die-back improveme bacterial disease nt Improved quality shelf life Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute

8 Conventional Breeding vs Genetic Engineering (GM) for crop improvement Conventional Breeding X A B AB Backcross AB to A Genetic Engineering B Gene isolation Gene Transfer A A with gene B

9 Considerations in Technology Adoption GM Technology Cost Expertise Manpower Facilities REGULATIONS Conventional Technology Cost Expertise Manpower Facilities GM SEEDS NON GM SEEDS Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

10 Product Development Phases Pathway for New Biotech Crop Varietal Development 3 4 Field Trial & Biosafety Regulatory Approval (GMAC) IP Clearance 2 Evaluation & Screening Public Acceptance 1 Transgenics Production Gene Cloning Transformation Lab Field Evaluation Market 7-12 Years

11 COMMERCIALISATION GM SEEDS Non GM SEEDS Seed Companies (Multi National) (R,D&C) Seed Companies (Big & Small) (R,D&C) Public Sectors (R&D) Public Sectors (R,D&C) Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

12 Tomato Squash Sweet Pepper Sugar Beet Cotton Maize Alfalfa Canola Papaya Soybean Eggplant Poplar million hectares Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

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14 The Philippines Myanmar Myanmar Vietnam maize Cotton maize 2015/2016 Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

15 No approved commercial cultivation of GM crops Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

16 Genetic Engineering/ Genetic Modification (GM)/ Transgenics R&D at MARDI Local crops: - Rice (yield, disease resistance) - Papaya (quality, virus resistance) - Pineapple (quality) - Orchids (disease, quality) - Pomelo (quality) - Passion fruit (virus resistance) - Chilli (virus resistance)

17 Plant Transformation Chilli Orchids Pomelo

18 Evaluation of Transgenic Crops GM rice, papaya, pineapple in transgenic glasshouses GM Papaya in nethouses

19 Transgenic Glasshouse Complex Transgenic Glasshouse Complex Compliance with GMAC (Malaysia) Guidelines

20 Considerations in Technology Adoption GM Technology COMPLEX REGULATORY PROCESS & HIGH COST Conventional Technology NOT REGULATED GM TERMINATOR SEEDS (Seeds sterile in the next generation) NOT COMMERCIALISED NON GM HYBRID SEEDS (Inferior quality products in the next generation) WIDELY COMMERCIALISED Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

21 Regulations of GM Crops Product Process Social acceptance of GM crops play a role in the type of regulatory policies adopted Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

22 Regulations of GM Crops cont Product Vertical approach Focus on characteristics of modified plant Process Horizontal approach Focus on transformation method Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

23 Regulations of GM Crops cont Product United States Canada Argentina Process Malaysia European Union Brazil Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

24 Process in Conducting GM Crop Research Objectives: To protect 1. Human, plant & animal Health 2. Environment & biological diversity Biosafety Act 2007 Biosafety approval and notification regulations 2010 National Biosafety Board Genetic Modification Advisory Committee Institutional Biosafety Committees ASEAN Regional Conference On Food Security October 2013

25 SCOPE OF THE ACT MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY (Genetic Modification) ALL INSTITUTES & PERSONS INVOLVED ALL STAGES OF R&D AND RELEASE LMOs PRODUCTS OF LMOs ALL TYPES OF ORGANISM RELEASE IMPORT EXPORT CONTAINED USE ALL ACTIVITIES Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute 25

26 FROM BENCH TO MARKET R&D Contained use Import for contained use R&D Field Trial Commercialisation Direct introduction to the environment Placing in the market NOTIFICATION APPROVAL TWO REGULATORY PROCESSES Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute 26

27 Governing Bodies on Biosafety Regulation Established in 2010 /2011 National Biosafety Board (NBB) Application approval Scientific advisory Genetic Modification Advisory Committee (GMAC) Department of Biosafety (JBK) Secretariat National Level Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) Institution al level Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute 27

28 Biosafety (Approval & Notification) A guideline to: Regulations 2010 Assist stakeholders involved in LMOs work to understand & comply with Biosafety Act requirements Objective: National Biosafety Board Decide, monitor, promote & establish mechanisms related to biosafety of GM crops Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

29 Genetic Modification Advisory Committee Objective: (GMAC) Assist in providing scientific & technical advice pertaining to risk assessment and management of GM crops Institutional Biosafety Committee 1. Set up in organizations 2. Objective safeguarding human health & environment when working to LMOs Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

30 CONCLUSION Stringent regulations on GM Crops? Inhibits GM technology innovation & adoption - Losing Potential Benefits Develop new technologies - Using new techniques & approaches for crop improvements Continue to apply stringent regulation on new DNA based technology? Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

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32 Genomics Applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes (the complete set of DNA within a single cell of an organism) Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

33 Rice seed Industry in Malaysia Very lucrative Almost 100% farmers utilized certified seeds Volume of seeds sold: Around 80, ,000 ton/year Value of rice seed sold: Around RM100 million (without subsidy), or RM200 million (with subsidy) Up to present, the breeders or owners of these varieties never able to collect royalties of their effort,since those varieties were introduced prior to PVP act was in place, and they were considered for public good. But things will change soon as MARDI already started to register its newly release varieties under PVP act.