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1 Copyright 2014 Edmentum - All rights reserved. Biology DNA and Genes Blizzard Bag When a cell needs a particular protein synthesized, messenger RNA (mrna) is produced from DNA through transcription. What is the maximum number of amino acids that could be coded for in the following section of mrna: UGAUUCAGUAAC? A. 12 B. 6 C. 4 D In DNA, the structure and size of the four nitrogen bases allows only for one kind of base to pair with one other kind. This is called the base-pairing rule. Which of the following shows how bases pair in complementary strands of DNA? A. A-C and T-G B. A-T and C-G C. A-G and T-C D. A-A and T-T 3. The nucleotide of DNA is one large molecule composed of three smaller molecules. Which of the following sets of molecules bond together to form a nucleotide? A. deoxyribose, a nitrogen base, a phosphate group B. adenine, thymine, and cytosine C. a nitrogen atom, a phosphate atom, and a five-carbon sugar D. a purine, a pyrimidine, and a five-carbon sugar
![4. Look at the diagram of DNA below. Which of the following parts of the diagram represents the portion of DNA composed of the nucleotides' phosphate groups? [Key: yellow-a, green-t, red-g, blue-c] A.](/docs-images/81/83866976/images/2-0.jpg "Y B. W C. Both W and X D. X 5. Humans, and other organisms that reproduce through sexual means, obtain approximately half of their DNA sequence from the father, and half from the mother.")
2 4. Look at the diagram of DNA below. Which of the following parts of the diagram represents the portion of DNA composed of the nucleotides' phosphate groups? [Key: yellow-a, green-t, red-g, blue-c] A. Y B. W C. Both W and X D. X 5. Humans, and other organisms that reproduce through sexual means, obtain approximately half of their DNA sequence from the father, and half from the mother. This is a result of... A. the alleles from a haploid sperm combining with only the healthiest alleles from a diploid egg. B. the father contributing the X chromosome and the mother contributing the Y chromosome. C. stronger genes from one diploid gamete beating out weaker ones from the other. D. a haploid egg combining with a haploid sperm to form a diploid zygote.
3 6. Which choice below correctly summarizes the base-pairing rules in DNA? A. A-U C-G B. A-C T-G C. A-G C-T D. A-T C-G 7. Every trait you see on an organism is a result of that organism's DNA instructing the organism's cells. How does the information stored in DNA's nucleotides translate into traits such as eye color and ear shape? A. Traits are determined by proteins that are built according to the instructions stored in genes. B. Traits are determined by the presence or absence of lac operons along a series of nucleotides. C. Traits are determined by a group of enzymes known as DNA helicases. D. Traits are determined by codons that are stored in groups of nucleotides. 8. A parent DNA molecule replicates, resulting in two daughter DNA molecules. Which of the following is true? A. Each daughter molecule contains two new strands of DNA. B. Each daughter molecule contains two DNA strands from the parent molecule. C. Each daughter molecule contains one DNA strand from the parent molecule. D. Each daughter molecule contains four total strands of DNA.
4 9. What are the three main components of a DNA molecule? A. a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base B. a sugar, a phosphate group, and an amino acid C. a sugar, a water molecule, and a nitrogenous base D. a sugar, a nucleotide, and an amino acid 10. Which of the following cellular materials is solely composed of DNA and proteins? A. ribosomes B. Golgi complex C. mitochondria D. chromosomes 11. How are complementary strands of DNA held together? A. with phosphodiester bonds connecting sugars and phosphate groups B. with ionic bonds between sugars and phosphate groups C. with hydrogen bonds connecting complementary bases D. with hydrogen bonds connecting complementary sugars 12. Which of the following correctly describes the components of DNA? A. DNA is made up of proteins consisting of the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases. B. DNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases. C. DNA is made up of proteins consisting of the sugar ribose, a carbon ring, and one of four phosphorus bases. D. DNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of the sugar ribose, a carbon ring, and one of four phosphorus bases.
5 13. The main purpose of DNA is to store information. Where is information stored within a DNA molecule? A. in the sequence of nitrogen bases B. in a nucleotide C. in the phosphate groups D. in the deoxyribose 14. The sequence of bases on one strand of a DNA molecule is ATTGCCCATG. What will be the sequence on the complementary strand? A. TAACGGGTAC B. GCCATTTGCA C. CGGTAAACGT D. ATTGCCCATG 15. The DNA of a cell is organized into structures. What are these structures called? A. nuclei B. mitochondria C. chromosomes D. vacuoles
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