A. I think it is DNA or RNA (circle your answer) because: B. I think it is DNA or RNA (circle your answer) because:
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1 Name: Test Date: Block: Biology I: Unit 7 Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Review for Unit Test Directions: You should use this as a guide to help you study for your test. You should also read through your notes, worksheets, bell ringers, and your SC State Standards for Biology. Note cards are an excellent way to study vocabulary!!! SC State Standard B What is a nucleic acid? 2. What are the two main types of nucleic acids? Write out their names not just their abbreviations. a. Abbreviation full name b. Abbreviation full name 3. What is a nucleotide? 4. What are the three main parts of a nucleotide? a. b. c. 5. Label the three parts of a nucleotide in the diagram below. 6. Explain THREE differences between DNA and RNA. a. b. c. 7. What are complementary bases? 8. In DNA, What nitrogen base does A bond to? What nitrogen base does T bond to? What nitrogen base does C bond to? What nitrogen base does G bond to? In RNA, What nitrogen base does A bond to? What nitrogen base does T bond to? What nitrogen base does C bond to? What nitrogen base does G bond to? 9. Identify the following molecules as DNA or RNA and explain your answer choice. A. I think it is DNA or RNA because: B. I think it is DNA or RNA because:
2 10. Identify the following nucleotides as being a DNA or RNA nucleotide and explain your answer choice. A. I think it is DNA or RNA because: B. I think it is DNA or RNA because: 11. Explain how the structure of DNA is a double helix. 12. What makes up the sides of the DNA ladder? & 13. What makes up the steps of the DNA ladder? 14. Label the diagram of DNA below using the following terms: A. Complementary Base Pair B. Deoxyribose Sugar C. Phosphate Group D. Nitrogen Base E. Nucleotide 12a. 12b. 12d. 12c. 12e. SC State Standard B What is a chromosome? 16. What is a gene? 17. How many genes can there be on each chromosome? 18. Explain how DNA is the code of life (genetic code). SC State Standard B What are sex chromosomes? 20. What are autosomes? 21. Do all organisms have the same number of chromosomes? 22. Which two organisms below are more likely to have similar chromosomes? & Wolf Dog Tree Snail Why do you think this? 23. Explain why organisms that are similar in structure or function often share many of the same proteins and genes.
3 24. How many chromosomes do humans have? 25. The diagram below represents the process of. (replication, transcription, translation) 26. What is DNA replication? 27. Explain the role of enzymes in DNA replication. 28. During DNA replication each original strand serves as a template for the new strands. If one of the original strands had the bases T G T T A A C G C what bases would its new complementary strand have? SC State Standard B What is protein synthesis? 30. What are the two stages of protein synthesis? 31. The diagram below represents the process of. (replication, transcription, translation) Where does this process take place? 32. Explain the process of transcription. 33. If a gene on DNA had the following bases T G T T A A C G C, what would be the mrna bases transcribed from this gene? 34. Explain the role of mrna, rrna, and trna in protein synthesis. a. mrna: b. rrna: c. trna: 35. Identify the following types of RNA (mrna, rrna, trna). 36. The diagram below represents the process of. (replication, transcription, translation) Where does this process take place?
4 37. Explain the process of translation. 38. What is a codon? 39. What is a stop codon? 40. What is an anticodon? 41. What are peptide bonds? 42. Labe the diagram of translation. Amino Acid Anticodon Codon mrna Polypeptide Chain Ribosome trna Look up the following mrna codons using your genetic code chart (previous handout) and determine the amino acids it codes for: AUG GGC UAC SC State Standard B What is a gene map? 46. What is a genome? 47. What is genetic engineering? 48. What is gene therapy? 49. What is cloning? 50. What are some applications of genetic engineering on plants? a. b. c. d. 51. What is selective breeding? 52. Explain how inbreeding is used in selective breeding. 53. Explain how hybridization is used in selective breeding. 54. Explain /summarize drawbacks of genetic engineering and selective breeding. SC State Standard B What are mutations? 56. What is a mutant cell? 57. Are mutations passed to offspring? 58. Are all mutations bad/harmful? 59. What are mutagens?
5 HONORS ADDITIONAL MATERIALS For Unit 5 Genetics and Biotechnology 60. Explain how the following scientists contributed to the discovery of DNA as the hereditary materials: a. Griffith b. Avery c. Hershey d. Chase e. Franklin f. Chargaff g. Watson and Crick. 61. Explain the difference between purines and pyrimidines. 62. Identify the following bases as a purines or pyrimidines. a. b. 63. Why is DNA considered anti-parallel? 64. What are the functions of enzymes involved in DNA replication: a. Helicase b. DNA Polymerases c. DNA Ligase d. Primases 65. Explain the process of DNA replication including leading and lagging strands and Okazaki fragments. 66. In which direction, is DNA replicated? 67. Why is replication considered semi-conservative process? 68. In which direction does transcription proceed? 69. Explain RNA editing (introns/exons). 70. Explain the function of RNA polymerases.
6 71. Compare gene regulation in eukaryotic cells vs. prokaryotic cells. 72. Explain the structure and function of the lac Operon. 73. Label the diagram of the lac operon: Operator Promoter Regulatory Gene Repressor RNA Polymerase A. B. C. D. E. 74. What are TATTA Boxes? 75. What are enhancers? 76. How are restriction enzymes and vectors are used during genetic engineering? 77. Explain the process of gel electrophoresis and its applications in DNA fingerprinting. 78. A crime was committed and DNA evidence was collected from a blood stain. Police suspect that the victim and the attacker had a struggle. DNA was collected from a number of suspects. Based on the evidence who committed the crime? 79. What is PCR? 80. Explain the difference between gene and chromosomal mutations. 81. Mutations in your cells can be passed to offspring while mutations in your cells are not passed to offspring.
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