Invertase Production by Penicillium chrysogenum and Other Fungi in Submerged Fermentation
|
|
- Agatha Spencer
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Sept., American Society for Microbiology Vol. 13, No. 5 Printed in U.S.A. Invertase Production by Penicillium chrysogenum and Other Fungi in Submerged Fermentation F. M. POONAWALLA, K. L. PATEL, AND M. R. S. IYENGAR Microbiological Research Laboratory, Alembic Chemical Works, Baroda, India Received for publication 3 May 1965 ABSTRACT POONAWALLA, F. M. (Microbiological Research Laboratory, Alembic Chemical Works, Baroda, India), K. L. PATEL, AND M. R. S. IYENGAR. Invertase production by Penicillium chrysogenum and other fungi in submerged fermentation. Appl. Microbiol. 13: A study was made of Penicillium chrysogenum and some other fungi to determine the relative distribution of intra- and extracellular invertase produced by them in submerged fermentation. The proportion of each type of enzyme varied withthe organism and the period of fermentation. More of the enzyme initially bound to the mycelium was released into the medium with the progress of fermentation. Differences were observed in the effects of cultural conditions on enzyme production in P. chrysogenum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Considerably greater quantities of enzyme were produced by P. chrysogenum and the yeast in both laboratory and large-scale fermentors when sucrose was added continuously than when the same quantities of the sugar were added initially. In disagreement with previously accepted opinion, Wickerham (1958) demonstrated by a biological assay procedure that a few yeasts produce appreciable amounts of extracellular invertase. Dworschack and Wickerham (1958) determined some factors influencing the production of extracellular and bound invertase by Saccharomyces uvarum. The objective of the present work was to study Penicillium chrysogenum and a few other fungi to determine their capacity to produce invertase and the nature of the enzyme activity when cells were grown in submerged culture. Invertase production by P. chrysogenum in penicillin fermentation broth was studied by Damle, Singh, and Ghosh (1958). They reported that invertase in this mold appeared to be an exoenzyme. We have studied in detail the effects of various conditions contributing to the enhancement of extracellular invertase production by P. chrysogenum in submerged fermentation. The relative capacities of P. chrysogenum and S. cerevisiae to produce invertase were also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organisms. The following organisms from our culture collection were used: P. chrysogenum 71, S. cerevisiae 8, Aspergillus oryzae 23, Colletotrichum falcatum 10, Neurospora crassa 27, N. sitophilia 28, and Alternaria tenuis 16. Media. Invertase production by fungi was studied in the following medium (grams per liter): sucrose, 40; corn steep liquor, 30; sodium nitrate, 3; potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5; magnesium sulfate (heptahydrate), 0.05; calcium carbonate, 2.5; the ph was 5.5. For growth and sporulation of molds, and for growth of yeast, the following medium was used (grams per liter): malt extract (Difco), 40; yeast extract (Difco), 4; potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1; agar (Difco), 20; the ph was 5.5. The organisms were grown at room temperature (28 C), and subcultures were maintained under refrigeration. Shaken flask fermentations were carried out on rotary shakers at 250 rev/min [1-inch (2.5 cm) stroke] with 100 ml of medium in 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Laboratory fermentor runs were made in 25-gal (113.6-liter) stainless-steel laboratory fermentation tanks of conventional design. Reducing sugars. Reducing sugars were determined by Somogyi's (1945) method. Invertase. Invertase activity was determined by Sumner and Howell's (1935) method. The invertase activity was expressed as the milligrams of reducing sugar formed by the enzyme at ph 4.5 and 25 C in 1 hr in 1 ml of supernatant fluid or whole culture (Dworschack and Wickerham, 1958). Dry weight. To measure dry weight, 100 ml of unfiltered broth were centrifuged and the CaCO3 residue was decomposed by adding hydrochloric acid, washed thrice with distilled water, and dried at 8) C to constant weight. Extracellular invertase activity was determined on the supernatant fluids after centrifugation at 3,000 rev/min for 20 min and passage of the filtrates through bacteria-retaining sintered-glass funnels to remove small fragments of mycelia or cells. Intracellular activities were computed by 749
2 750 POONAWALLA, PATEL, AND IYENGAR APPL. MICROIBIOL. TABLE 1. Invertase production by fungi in shaken flask fermentations Invertase (units) Fungi 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr 120 hi T* I E T I E T I E T I E Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aspergillus oryzae Colletotrichum falcatum Penicillium chrysogenum Neurospora crassa N. sitophila Alternaria tenuis * T = total; I = intracellular; E = extracellular. difference from the total activities of whole broth samples. Corrections were made for reducing sugar present in the filtrate and whole broth samples. All analyses were carried out in duplicate. Data are uncorrected for temperature variation (±1 C). RESULTS Production of invertase by fungi in shaken flask cultures. Invertase production by P. chrysogenum and a few other fungi was studied in shaken flask cultures by inoculating 104 spores (or cells, in the case of S. cerevisiae) per milliliter of sucrosecorn steep liquor medium and assaying enzyme activity at various time intervals. Maximal titers of enzyme were reached between 72 and 96 hr with the yeast and fungi tested (Table 1). Among the filamentous fungi, the two species of Neurospora were the most active. A. tenuis was the least active. In A. oryzae and P. chrysogenum, the shift in the ratio of intracellular to extracellular enzyme, which occurred with time, indicated that the enzyme was initially bound to the mycelium and was released into the medium with increased time of fermentation. Though a similar trend was noticeable in N. crassa, the major part of the enzyme remained intracellular in that fungus. In N. sitophila and A. tenuis, also, the enzyme was mainly intracellular. It was interesting to note that in C. falcatum, which is a pathogen on sugar cane, the activity was almost wholly extracellular throughout the fermentation cycle. In S. cerevisiae, which was the largest producer of the enzyme under these conditions, there was good extracellular activity from the earliest stage examined. Invertase production by P. chrysogenum in shaken flask cultures. Extracellular invertase production by P. chrysogenum and S. cerevisiae was compared in sucrose-corn steep liquor and sucrose-peptone-yeast extract media (Wickerham, 1958) at 25 C (Fig. 1). The inoculum used was 104 spores per milliliter in the case of the mold, and 104 vegetative cells per milliliter in the case of yeast. Invertase titers reached the maximum at 120 hr with both the organisms in both the media. The titers in sucrose-peptone-yeast extract medium were lower than those in sucrose-corn steep liquor medium. In both the media, S. cerevisiae gave higher titers than P. chrysogenum. Also, the rate of production by the yeast was rapid until it reached the maximum at 120 hr, whereas with the mold the rate of production was gradual and, SCL: SUCROSE -CORNSTEEP LItSUOR MEDIUM TIME OF FERMENTATION,HR. FIG. 1. Invertase production by Penicillium chrysogenum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in shaken flask fermentation.
3 VOL. 13, 1965 INVERTASE PRODUCTION BY FUNGI 751 TABLE 2. Effect of various factors on invertase production by Penicillium chrysogenum in shaken flask fermentations Condition* Extracellular invertase production (units) 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr 120 hr Age of inoculum 24 hr hr hr Size of inoculum 1 % % % Aeration rate 50 mi/flask mi/flask mi/flask Sucrose 4 % % ph Temperature 25 C C Ct * Standard conditions used: age of inoculum, 48 hr; size of inoculum, 5% (v/v); aeration rate, corresponding to 100 ml of medium per flask; sucrose 4% (w/v), ph 5.5; and temperature, 25 C. Each condition was varied as indicated. t Comparative values for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. after reaching the maximum at 120 hr, there was a rapid decline in the activity. Under the conditions used, increase of dry cell weight of the yeast was relatively slower, reaching the maximum at 120 hr, together with invertase titers. In the case of the mold, the dry myceium weight increased rapidly until 48 hr, followed by a rapid decline. Most of the sugar was used by the organisms in about 72 hr in both media. Some factors affecting production of extracellular invertase by P. chrysogenum in shaken flask fermentation. Effects of age of vegetative inoculum, aeration rate, concentration of sucrose, size of inoculum, and temperature on the production of invertase were studied (Table 2). Age of inoculum had no appreciable effect except that very young inoculum gave less invertase. Quantity of inoculum had a definite effect on invertase titers. Increase in quantity of inoculum increased invertase titers. A 25%G inoculum gave the highest titer in 72 hr. Aeration had little effect except that, when it was very low, it depressed the enzyme titers. A 100-ml volume per flask gave optimal yields in 120 hr. Within the limits used, ph did not have any influence on invertase titers. Invertase titers were higher at the higher of the two temperatures used and reached their maximum in a much shorter time. The growth was faster at the higher temperature, but autolysis was more rapid too. The effect of sugar concentration was similar to that of temperature. Higher concentrations of sugar gave higher titers earlier, but after 48 hr the titers fell because of earlier autolysis. In sucrose-corn steep liquor medium at 25 C, the yeast produced slightly higher invertase titers than the mold (Fig. 1). On the other hand, at 28 C the mold produced slightly higher titers than the yeast (Table 2). Production of invertase in fermentors. Davey and Johnson (1953) and Soltero and Johnson (1953, 1954) clearly demonstrated that in penicillin-production media lactose could be completely replaced by sucrose without affecting antibiotic yields when sucrose was fed continuously in low concentrations. Using similar conditions, we first studied invertase production in 100-liter labo-
4 E~~~~~~~ 752 POONAWALLA, PATEL, AND IYENGAR APPL. MICROBIOL. TABLE 3. Effect of sugar addition on invertase production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium chrysogenum in 100-liter fermentations* Invertase (units/g of sugar consumed) Type of fermentation P. chrysogenum S. cerevisiae 18 hr 42 hr 18 hr 42 hr Sugar added initially only Continuous addition of sugar... 1,007 6,823 4,697 6,904 * Agitation with single impeller, 320 rev/min; aeration, 0.4 (v/v). D^ty WEIGHT gal capacity, where the continuous addition of 200. I sugar could be controlled better (Fig. 3). These 1.5 DL ERtTA9rE - results were consistently observed over a large, number of runs both in laboratory and production-scale fermentations. Since the production < 120- SUGAR o0.3 I E fermentors contained 3 % peanut cake in the corn 40- i steep liquor medium, the dry-weight measurements were made according to Maxon's (1959) o 0 Ao io O method. The correlation of dry weight and invertase activity showed that the enzyme was TIMJE Or FERMENTAzrION,NR. FIG. 2. Production of invertase by Penicillium extracellular under the conditions of large-scale chrysogenum on continuous addition of sugar in fermentation (Fig. 3). laboratory fermentor. DISCUSSION ratory fermentations at 25 C. A fermentor containing sucrose-corn steep liquor medium was fungi has been studied with the use of the Although invertase production in filamentous inoculated with 10%/ (v/v) of a 48-hr-old vegetative inoculum grown in the same medium in a cellular enzyme (Saksena and Bose, 1944; mycelium, on the assumption that it is an intra- 20-liter seed tank. The total concentration of Aritovskaya, 1948; Sainclinier, 1950; De Accadia, sugar, which was fed intermittently at 0.5-hr Russi, and Bellio, 1955), there is evidence that intervals during the fermentation cycle, amounted several filamentous fungi produce extracellular to 4.9%. Invertase production increased up to invertase (Gillespie, Jermyn, and Woods, 1952; 90 hr of fermentation, after which the rate Crewther and Lennox, 1953; Reese, Birzgalis, declined (Fig. 2). Total enzyme production was and Mandels, 1962; Damle et al., 1958). It could about five times more than the maximal titers obtained in shaken flask fermentations in the same medium in which sugar was added initially in the concentration range of 4 and 8% (Table 2). Thus, it was concluded that continuous addition of sucrose markedly increased the production of invertase. Also, since growth increased throughout the fermentation cycle, and conditions favoring autolysis were minimal, invertase production in the fermentor was considered mostly extracellular. On the basis of sugar consumed, P. chrysogenum produced about 25 times more invertase per gram of sugar when it was fed throughout the fermentation cycle than when all the sugar was added initially (Table 3). Under the same conditions, S. cerevisiae produced nearly 10 times more of this enzyme. Even higher titers-about three times more than in the laboratory fermentors-were produced by P. chrysogenum in production fermentors of 20, Seo z ui Z : TIME OF FERMtE.NTATION,HR. FIG. 3. Invertase production by Penicillium chrysogenum on continuous addition of sugar in production fermentor. - r,
5 VOL. 13, 1965 INVERTASE PRODUCTION BY FUNGI be argued in some of these cases that the enzyme found in the external milieu resulted from autolysis. Our results indicate that in submerged fermentations, with the fungi studied, the enzyme was both intra- and extracellular, and that the proportion of such activity varied with the organism and the period of fermentation. The activity which was bound to the mycelium initially was released into the medium when the fermentation progressed. Such release was more in some cases and less in others, and was not always closely correlated with autolysis. A comparison of invertase production in shaken flask fermentation by P. chrysogenum and S. cerevisiae showed that, whereas the enzyme produced by the yeast cells was largely extracellular (because both the cell weight and extracellular invertase titers reached the maxima at the same time), in the mold the maximal titers of extracelluilar invertase were reached after autolysis had set in. These results from shake flask runs made it difficult to characterize the enzyme as truly extracellular. However, in the case of fermentor runs, where better correlation existed between growth and enzyme elaboration, evidence was less ambiguous. The major part of the enzyme produced during the growth phase was truly extracellular, and it could be clearly differentiated from the secondary increase of extracellular enzyme which occurred with the onset of autolysis. Since we have studied invertase production by P. chrysogenum under cultural conditions similar to those reported for the production of this enzyme by S. uvarum (Dworschack and Wickerham, 1958), it is interesting to compare the various conditions affecting the optimal yields of this enzyme in the two organisms. Age of the inoculum did not influence the yield of enzyme in both the organisms. Although variations in the size of inoculum did not have any effect on enzyme yield of the yeast, increased yields were obtained from the mold with increase of inoculum. In fermentor runs with P. chrysogenum and S. cerevisiae, when all the sugar was added at the start of fermentation, the growth of the organisms was rapid, but autolysis also set in early, resulting in less total growth and less enzyme production. In contrast, with continuous addition of sugar growth and extracellular enzyme elaboration were maintained longer and attained higher levels. Correlation between the rate of growth of molds with sucrose and the amount of invertase produced was previously demonstrated by Hawker and Chaudhuri (1946). Reese et al. (1962) reported on the production of sucrase by several fungi in 3-week shaken flask 753 runs. They found that yields of the enzyme were greatly enhanced when the fungi were grown on sucrose esters, particularly sucrose palmitate. The enhancement was explained as being due to the gradual liberation of the sugar from the ester by the action of a slowly acting esterase. In earlier work by Willstaetter, Lowry, and Schneider, cited by Neuberg and Roberts (1946), it was found that intermittent additions of small quantities of sucrose resulted in greater production of invertase by yeast. The very large increases in enzyme activity noted in our work show this to be true of a filamentous fungus in large-scale fennentations. Our results further extend the observation made by Nakai (1961) that filamentous fungi possess a marked potential for invertase production on a large scale. ACKNOWLED GMENT We are indebted to A. H. Amin for his keen interest and encouragement during this work. LITERATURE CITED ARITOVSKAYA, T. V Enzyme activity of northern strains of microorganisms. Microbiologia 17: CREWTHER, W. G., AND F. G. LENNOX Enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae. III. The sequence of appearance and some properties of the enzymes liberated during growth. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 6: DAMLE, S. P., K. SINGH, AND D. GHOSH Studies on soluble enzymes in penicillin fermentation broth. II. Invertase activity. Antibiotics Symposium, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, p DAVEY, V. F., AND M. J. JOHNSON Penicillin production in cornsteep media with continuous carbohydrate addition. Appl. Microbiol 1: DE ACCADIA, F. D., S. RUSSI, AND A. BELLIO Action of Penicillium chrysogenum on sucrose. Rend. Ist. Super. Sanita 18: DWORSCHACK, R. G., AND L. J. WICKERHAM Production of extracellular invertase by the yeast, Saccharomyces uvarum NRRLY Y-972. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 76: GILLESPIE, M. J., M. A. JERMYN, AND E. F. WOODS Multiple nature of the enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae and of horse-radish. Enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae. Nature 169: HAWKER, L. E., AND S. D. CHAUDHURI Growth and fruiting of certain ascomycetous fungi as influenced by the nature and concentration of carbohydrate in the medium. Ann. Botany (London) 10: MAXON, W. D Aeration-agitation studies on the novobiocin fermentation. J. Biochem. Microbiol. Technol. Eng. 1: NAKAI, T Concentration of sucrase obtained from filamentous fungi. Japanese- Patent 12,993.
6 754 POONAWALLA, PATEL, AND IYENGAR APPL. MICROBIOL. NEUBERG, C., AND I. S. ROBERTS Invertase, a monograph. Sugar Research Foundation Inc., New York. REESE, E. T., R. BIRZGALIS, AND M. MANDELS Sucrases in fungi. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 40: SAINCLINIER, M Morphology, growth and enzymic activity of several aspergilli. Bull. Soc. Sci. Bretagne 24: SAKSENA, R. K., AND S. K. BOSE Enzymes of two water molds. J. Indian Botan. Soc. 23: SOLTERO, F. V., AND M. J. JOHNSON The effect of carbohydrate nutrition on penicillin production by Penicillium chrysogenum Q-176. Appl. Microbiol. 1: SOLTERO, F. V., AND M. J. JOHNSON Continuous addition of glucose for evaluation of penicillin-producing cultures. Appl. Microbiol. 2: SOMOGYI, M A new reagent for the determination of sugars. J. Biol. Chem. 160: SUMNER, J. B., AND S. F. HOWELL A method for determination of invertase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 108: WICKERHAM, L. J Evidence of the production of extracellular invertase by certain strains of yeasts. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 76: Downloaded from on August 13, 2018 by guest
Penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum W
The Effect of Temperature Changes on the Production of Penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum W49-1331 S. P. OWEN AND MARVIN J. JOHNSON Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Received for publication
More informationPenicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum W
The Effect of Temperature Changes on the Production of Penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum W49-1331 S. P. OWEN AND MARVIN J. JOHNSON Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Received for publication
More informationchrysogenum in Submerged Culture
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Sept., 1965 Copyright 1965 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 13, No. 5 Printed in U.S.A. Production of Calcium Gluconate by Penicillium chrysogenum in Submerged Culture G. R.
More information(Gailey et al., 1946) and deterioration of the steep liquor. Penicillin yields and
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON PENICILLIN FERMENTATIONS WITH PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM X-16121 2 J. J. STEFANIAK, F. B. GAILEY, F. G. JARVIS, AND M. J. JOHNSON Department of Biochemistry, College
More informationAspergillus niger. Development, Jerusalem, Israel. was adjusted manually. All fermentations were. carried out in duplicate.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Nov., 1965 Copyright ( 1965 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 13, No. 6 Printed in U.S.A. Production of the Enzyme Naringinase by Aspergillus niger B. BRAM AND G. L. SOLOMONS
More informationPenicillium chrysogenum'
Penicillin Production by High-Yielding Strains of Penicillium chrysogenum' ERIK G. M. TORNQVIST2 AND WILLIAM H. PETERSON Department of Biochemistry, The development and study of strains of Penicillium
More informationEffects of Liquid Physical Properties on Oxygen Transfer in Penicillin Fermentation
Effects of Liquid Physical Properties on Oxygen Transfer in Penicillin Fermentation FRED H. DEINDOERFER1 AND ELMER L. GADEN, JR. Department of Chemical Engineering,2 Columbia University, New York, New
More informationSome Observations on the Growth of Aspergillus niger
Some Observations on the Growth of Aspergillus niger from Spore Inoculum P. S. KRISHNAN, VIOLOT BAJAJ, AND S. P. DAMLE Division of Biochemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Poona, India Received for
More informationRespiration of Penicillium chrysogenum in Penicillin Fer rnent at ions
336 ROLINSON, G. N. (1952). J. gen. Microbiol. 6, 336-343. Respiration of Penicillium chrysogenum in Penicillin Fer rnent at ions BY G. N. ROLINSON Research Department, Bacteriology Division, Boots Pure
More informationSome Factors Influencing the Production of Certain
Some Factors nfluencing the Production of Certain Biosynthetic Penicillins HLDA G. MACMORNE Connaught Medical Research Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada The work reported in this paper
More informationSTUDIES ON THE CELL WALL LYTIC ENZYMES PRODUCED BY STREPTOMYCES SPECIES PART 1. THE STRAINS AND THEIR LYTIC ACTIVITY TOWARD SACCHAROMYCES
J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. Vol. 6, No. 1, 1960 STUDIES ON THE CELL WALL LYTIC ENZYMES PRODUCED BY STREPTOMYCES SPECIES PART 1. THE STRAINS AND THEIR LYTIC ACTIVITY TOWARD SACCHAROMYCES AKIRA FURUYA and YONOSUKE
More informationProduction of Cellulase on Mixtures of Xylose and Cellulose in a Fed-Batch Process
Production of Cellulase on Mixtures of Xylose and Cellulose in a Fed-Batch Process Ali Mohagheghi, Karel Grohmann, and Charles E. Wyman Biotechnolog y Research Branch, Solar Fuels Research Division, Solar
More informationgrowth. and allowed a maximum number of fungi to grow on an agar (1944) that anisic and benzoic acids at a concentration of 150 ppm prevented
THE CONTROL OF CONTAMINANTS IN PENICILLIN FERMENTATIONS BY ANTISEPTIC CHEMICALS' S. G. KNIGHT AND W. C. FRAZIER Department of Agricultural Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin2 Received
More informationOptimization of Agitation Conditions for Maximum Ethanol Production by Coculture
Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) : - 9 () Optimization of Agitation Conditions for Maximum Ethanol Production by Coculture Arisra Rodmui, Jirasak Kongkiattikajorn* and Yuwapin Dandusitapun ABSTRACT The coculture
More informationMolecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of protease producing Streptomyces sp. isolated from mangrove sediments
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of protease producing Streptomyces sp. isolated from mangrove sediments M. Parthasarathy and J. Joel Gnanadoss* Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology,
More informationSECONDARY COLONY FORMATION BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON EOSINE
SECONDARY COLONY FORMATION BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON EOSINE METHYLENE BLUE AGAR K. K. SHAH' AND V. N. IYER2 Microbiology Department, S. B. Garda College, Navsari, India Received for publication November
More informationAERATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GROWTH OF
AERATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GROWTH OF AEROBIC MICROORGANISMS1 CHARLES G. SMITH AND MARVIN J. JOHNSON Department of Biochemistry, Colege of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Received
More informationInfluence of Dissolved Oxygen Levels on Production
APPiaED MicRomoLorGy, May 197, p. 8-84 Copyright ) 197 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 19, No. 5 Printed in U.S.A. Influence of Dissolved Oxygen Levels on Production of L-Asparaginase and Prodigiosin
More informationInfluence of Dissolved Oxygen Levels on Production
APPiaED MicRomoLorGy, May 197, p. 8-84 Copyright ) 197 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 19, No. 5 Printed in U.S.A. Influence of Dissolved Oxygen Levels on Production of L-Asparaginase and Prodigiosin
More informationIMPACT OF MEDIA ON ISOLATION OF DEXTRANASE PRODUCING FUNGAL STRAINS
Journal of Scientific Research Vol. 55, 2 : 7-76 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi ISSN : 447-9483 IMPACT OF MEDIA ON ISOLATION OF DEXTRANASE PRODUCING FUNGAL STRAINS Priyanka Jaiswal and Santosh Kumar
More informationProduction of extracelluar invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain isolated from grapes
ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 1 Number 2 (2013) pp. 72-83 www.ijcrar.com Production of extracelluar invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain isolated from grapes T.Sivakumar 1, M. Ravikumar 2, M.Prakash
More informationCHAPTER III SCREENING, ISOLATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRA OF ACTINOMYCETES
CHAPTER III SCREENING, ISOLATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRA OF ACTINOMYCETES (a) Collection of Samples: A total of nine samples were collected in sterile containers for the systematic screening
More informationInt. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 32(2), May June 2015; Article No. 26, Pages:
Research Article Enhanced Production of Cellulase on Different Fruit Peel Under Submerged Fermentation M. Kannahi*, S. Elangeswari PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sengamala Thayaar Educational
More information(Calmette, 1902), gluconic acid (Moyer et at., 1940), and lactic acid (Ward
PENICILLIN IX. THE LABORATORY SCALE PRODUCTION OF PENICILLIN IN SUBMERGED CULTURES BY PENICILLIUM NOTATUM WESTLING (NRRL 832)' ANDREW J. MOYER AND ROBERT D. COGHILL Fermentation Division, Northern Regional
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research ISSN No: 0975-7384 CODEN(USA): JCPRC5 J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(6):872-876 Effect of critical medium components on antimicrobial
More informationII. FERMENTATION IN AERATED-AGITATED FERMENTERS. S. N. SEHGAL, RENE SAUCIER and CLAUDE VEZINA
ANTIMYCIN A FERMENTATION II. FERMENTATION IN AERATED-AGITATED FERMENTERS S. N. SEHGAL, RENE SAUCIER and CLAUDE VEZINA Department of Microbiology, Ayerst Research Laboratories Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Received
More informationStudies on Mold Dextranases. Part II. Dextranase Production by a Strain of Aspergillus carneus. and Juichiro FUKUMOTO
[Agr. Biol. Chem., Vol. 35, No. 11, p. 1727 `1732, 1971] Studies on Mold Dextranases Part II. Dextranase Production by a Strain of Aspergillus carneus By Daisuke TSURU,* Nobutsugu HIRAOKA and Juichiro
More informationdextran-depolymerizing enzyme. 'ther types of dextranases offer a means for degrading dextran to molecular size
DEXTRAN-DEGRADING ENZYMES FROM MOLDS1 H. M. TSUCHIYA, ALLENE JEANES, HELEN M. BRICKER, AND C. A. WILHAM Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, Illinois, Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry,
More informationThe Effect of certain Enzyme Inhibitors on Respiration and on Penicillin Formation by Penicillium chrysogenum
412 ROLINSON, G. N. (1954). J. gen. MicrobioZogy. 11, 412-419. The Effect of certain Enzyme Inhibitors on Respiration and on Penicillin Formation by Penicillium chrysogenum BY G. N. ROLINSON Research Department,
More informationAMYLASE SYNTHESIS IN ELEVATED LEVEL BY OPTIMIZING FERMENTATION PARAMETERS FROM ASPERGILLUS VERSICOLOR
ISSN:2249-1236 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEWS IN PHARMACY AND APPLIED SCIENCES Research Article AMYLASE SYNTHESIS IN ELEVATED LEVEL BY OPTIMIZING FERMENTATION PARAMETERS FROM ASPERGILLUS
More informationChemostat Cultures. (units of penicillin per milligram of mycelial
APPLIBD MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1967, p. 1284-1290 Copyright @) 1967 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 15, No. 6 Printed in U.S.A Effect of Growth Rate on the Synthesis of Penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum
More informationPhysical State in Which Naphthalene and Bibenzyl are Utilized by Bacteria
APPLIED MicRosoLowy, June 1972, p. 1077-1081 Copyright i 1972 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 23, No. 6 Printed in U.S.A. Physical State in Which Naphthalene and Bibenzyl are Utilized by Bacteria
More informationEffect of Oxygen Supply Rates on Growth
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Jan., 1965 Vol. 13, No. 1 Copyright @ 1965 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. Effect of Oxygen Supply Rates on Growth of Escherichia coli I. Studies in Unbaffled
More informationReceived for publication July 28, The ability of psychrophiles to develop anaerobically. matter in nature and spoilage of foods.
ANAEROBIC GROWTH OF PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA J. UPADHYAY AND J. L. STOKES Department of Bacteriology and Public Health, lvashington State University, Pullman, Washington Received for publication July 28,
More informationChapter 3 SCREENING AND SELECTION OF STRAIN FOR ALKALINE PROTEASE PRODUCTION BY SUBMERGED FERMENTATION
Chapter 3 SCREENING AND SELECTION OF STRAIN FOR ALKALINE PROTEASE PRODUCTION BY SUBMERGED FERMENTATION - 42 - 3.1 MATERIAL AND METHODS 3.1.1 Isolation of bacterial strains for alkaline protease production
More informationTable 1 Protein and nucleic acid content of microorganisms
Single cell protein (SCP) production Microbial biomass is produced commercially as single cell protein (SCP) for human food or animal feed and as viable yeast cells to be used in the baking industry. Rapid
More informationParametric Optimization of Media for the Crude Oil Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Crude Oil Contaminated Site
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 2 (2015) pp. 322-328 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Parametric Optimization of Media for the Crude Oil Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Crude Oil Contaminated
More informationGROWTH AND MANOMETRIC STUDIES ON CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION
GROWTH AND MANOMETRIC STUDIES ON CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION BY SHIGELLA FLEXNERI' ARVID L. ERLANDSON, JR.,2 AND WILLIAM H. MACKEY Naval Medical Research Institute, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda,
More informationResearch Article PRODUCTION OF A THERMOSTABLE EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASE FROM THERMOPHILIC BACILLUS SPECIES
Research Article PRODUCTION OF A THERMOSTABLE EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASE FROM THERMOPHILIC BACILLUS SPECIES S. Suman *1 and K. Ramesh 1 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Karnataka College of Pharmacy,
More informationProduction of Protease and Growth Characteristics of Aspergillus sydowii. Corresponding Author
Nature and Science, 11;9(5) Production of Protease and Growth Characteristics of Aspergillus sydowii 1 Arun Kumar Sharma, Vinay Sharma and 3 Jyoti Saxena 1 & Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology,
More informationMedia Optimization for Bioethanol Production Using a Native Isolated Strain from Mahua Flowers
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) ISSN: 2455-264X, Volume 2, Issue 7 (Nov. Dec. 2016), PP 57-63 Media Optimization for Bioethanol Production Using a Native Isolated Strain from
More informationProduction of Fumaric Acid in 20-Liter Fermentors
Production of Fumaric Acid in 2-Liter Fermentors R. A. RHODES, A. A. LAGODA, T. J. MISENHEIMER, M. L. SMITH, R. F. ANDERSON, AND R. W. JACKSON Fermentation Laboratory, Northern Utilization Research and
More informationProduction of Mushroom Mycelium as a Protein and Fat Source in Submerged Culture in Medium of Vinasse
Production of Mushroom Mycelium as a Protein and Fat Source in Submerged Culture in Medium of Vinasse H. FALANGHE1 Chemistry Department, Instituto Zinotkcnico, Escola Superiot de A gric oltitua "Lu iz
More informationReduction of Ferric Compounds by Soil Bacteria
No. 3, Volume 10 of the Jouml of General Microbiology was issued on 10 June 1954. BROMFIELD, S. M. (1954). J. gen. Microbiol. 11, 14. Reduction of Ferric Compounds by Soil Bacteria BY S. M. BROMFIELD Microbiology
More informationOptimization of media composition for the production of cyclosporin A by Tolypocladium species
Indian J Med Res 123, April 2006, pp 525-530 Optimization of media composition for the production of cyclosporin A by Tolypocladium species K. Balaraman & Nisha Mathew Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR),
More informationTheInfluenceofSomeEngineeringVariablesUpontheMorphology ofrhizopusnigricansinastirredtankbioreactor
P. NIDARŠIÈ-PLAZL, The Influence of Some Engineering Variables Upon the, Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 20 (3) 275 280 (2006) 275 TheInfluenceofSomeEngineeringVariablesUpontheMorphology ofrhizopusnigricansinastirredtankbioreactor
More informationSpring Harbor, New York); Stanford University, Department of Biologystrains
CHEMICAL CHANGES IN SUBMERGED PENICILLIN FERMENTATIONS1, 2 H. KOFFLER, R. L. EMERSON, D. PERLMAN, AND R. H. BURRIS Departments of Agricultural Bacteriology and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
More informationIndustrial Application of Biotechnology
Industrial Application of Biotechnology 2004 Seungwook Kim Chem. & Bio. Eng. WJ Thieman and MA Palladino, Introduction to Biotechnology(2004), Pearson. Reference SR Barnum, Biotechnology;An Introduction(1998),
More informationMETABOLISM OF PENTOSES AND PENTITOLS
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY Vol. 88, No. 4, p. 845-849 October, 1964 Copyright 1964 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. II. METABOLISM OF PENTOSES AND PENTITOLS BY AEROBACTER AEROGENES MECHANISM
More informationEffect of molasses and corn steep liquor on phosphate solubilization.
Effect of molasses and corn steep liquor on phosphate solubilization. Molasses is most often used as a raw material in microbial industry. It is a dark, thick, syrup like viscous liquid. It is a byproduct
More informationAIDIC Conference Series, Vol.7, , 2005 ISBN Copyright 2005, Reed Business Information
AIDIC Conference Series, Vol.7, 239-246, 25 ISBN 39-2358 Printed in Italy Copyright 25, Reed Business Information ELICITOR EFFECTS ON CHRYSOGENIN PRODUCTION IN LIQUID CULTURES OF Penicillium chrysogenum
More informationorganisms which yield predominantly lactic acid in the
THE LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION OF STREPTOCOCCI PAUL A. SMITH AND J. M. SHERMAN Laboratory of Bacteriology, College of Agriculture, Cornell Univer8ity, Ithaca, New York Received for publication August 21,
More informationEffect of glucose and ammonium chloride supplementation and phosphate buffer on Escherichia coli DH5α growth in LB Lennox medium
Effect of glucose and ammonium chloride supplementation and phosphate buffer on Escherichia coli DH5α growth in LB Lennox medium Wenfa Ng Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University
More informationAgitation-Aeration in Submerged Fermentation
. Agitation-Aeration in Submerged Fermentation Effect of Solid Disperse Phase on Oxygen Absorption in a Fermentor M. R. BRERLEY' AND R. STEEL2 ndutstrial Bioche?nistr-y Section, College of Science and
More informationSULFATE UTILIZATION BY PENICILLIN-PRODUCING MUTANTS OF PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM'
SULFATE UTILIZATION BY PENICILLIN-PRODUCING MUTANTS OF PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM' PHILIP L. TARDREW AND MARVIN J. JOHNSON Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Received
More informationOptimization of Protease Enzyme Production Using Bacillus Sp. Isolated from Different Wastes
Botany Research International 2 (2): 83-87, 2009 ISSN 1995-8951 IDOSI Publications, 2009 Optimization of Protease Enzyme Production Using Bacillus Sp. Isolated from Different Wastes 1 1 Udandi Boominadhan,
More informationE.V.N.Raju et al. / Int. Res J Pharm. App Sci., 2012; 2(1):
E.V.N.Raju et al. / Int. Res J Pharm. App Sci., 212; 2(1): 9-14 International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences Available online at www.irjpas.com Int. Res J Pharm. App Sci., 212;
More informationProduction of Sepedonin by Sepedonium chrysospermum NT-1 in Submerged Culture
Environmental Sciences, 13, 5 (2006) 251 256 K. Nagao et al. 251 MYU Tokyo ES628 Production of Sepedonin by Sepedonium chrysospermum NT-1 in Submerged Culture Kazutaka Nagao *, Naho Yoshida 1, Kazufumi
More informationPathogenic Bacteria. culture media. Components of the Typical Culture Medium: Culture Media Importance:
Level4 Lab2: Pathogenic Bacteria culture media Microorganisms, like all other living organisms, require basic nutrients for sustaining their life. All microorganisms have the same basic requirements but
More informationAN ENZYMATIC PROCESS OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION USING AGRICULTURAL WASTES BY Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MTCC 173) AND Zymomonas mobilis (MTCC 2427)
AN ENZYMATIC PROCESS OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION USING AGRICULTURAL WASTES BY Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MTCC 173) AND Zymomonas mobilis (MTCC 2427) A. Pranavya 1, C. Saravanamurugan 1 and S. Rajendran 2.
More informationToner Removal by Alkaline-Active Cellulases from Desert Basidiomycetes
In: Jeffries, Thomas W.; Viikari, Liisa, eds. Enzymes for pulp and paper processing. ACS Symposium Series 655. Proceedings, 211th ACS national meeting of the Cellulose, Paper, and Textile Division; 1996,
More informationDecolorization Study of Biomethanated Effluent by Pregrown Biomass of a Fungal Natural Isolate of Aspergillus Oryzae JSA-1.
International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 99 (2016) DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2016. V99. 6 Decolorization Study of Biomethanated Effluent by Pregrown Biomass of a
More informationRapid Determination of Salmonella in Samples of
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 969, p. 88-84 Vol. 8, No. 5 Copyright 969 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. Rapid Determination of Salmonella in Samples of Egg Noodles, Cake Mixes, and Candies
More informationA Method for Distinguishing Between Viable Spores and Mycelial Fragments of Actinomycetes in Soils
SKINNER, F. A. (1951). J. gen. Microbiol. 5, 159-166. 159 A Method for Distinguishing Between Viable Spores and Mycelial Fragments of Actinomycetes in Soils BY F. A. SKINNER Soil Microbiology Department,
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF CEPHALOSPORIN C PRODUCTION BY CEPHALOSPORIUM ACREMONIUM C-10 USING STATIONARY CULTURE
BIOLOGIA 2001, 47 (1&2), PP 1 8 ISSN 0006 3096 OPTIMIZATION OF CEPHALOSPORIN C PRODUCTION BY CEPHALOSPORIUM ACREMONIUM C-10 USING STATIONARY CULTURE *SIKANDER ALI 1 & KEHKASHAN KANWAL 1 1 Biotechnology
More informationProduction of Ligninases and Degradation of Lignin in Agitated Submerged Cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1985, p. 1274-1278 0099-2240/85/111274-05$02.00/0 Vol. 50, No. 5 Production of Ligninases and Degradation of Lignin in Agitated Submerged Cultures of Phanerochaete
More informationStudies of Ethanol Production from Different Fruit Wastes Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
BIOSCIENCES BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASIA, October 2014. Vol. 11(Spl. Edn. 1), p. 19-23 Studies of Ethanol Production from Different Fruit Wastes Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae P. Bosco Dhanaseeli and V.
More informationSubmerged Growth of Serratia marcescens'
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Oct. 1969, p. 550-554 Copyright 1969 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 18, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. Production of Tumor-Inhibitory L-Asparaginase by Submerged Growth of Serratia
More informationPRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM CASSAVA (Mannihot esculenta) WASTE WATER USING Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli
Nigerian of Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 25: 2369 2378 2011 www.nsmjournal.org PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM CASSAVA (Mannihot esculenta) WASTE WATER USING Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli AKPONAH,
More informationMechanisms of Inhibition of Fungi in Agar by Streptomycetes
J. gen. Microbiol. (196g), 57, 19-8 With I plate Printed in Great Britain 1 9 Mechanisms of Inhibition of Fungi in Agar by Streptomycetes By s. c. HSU AND J. L. LOCKWOOD Department of Botany and Plant
More informationAgitation-Aeration in Submerged Fermentation
. Agitation-Aeration in Submerged Fermentation Effect of Solid Disperse Phase on Oxygen Absorption in a Fermentor M. R. BRERLEY' AND R. STEEL2 ndutstrial Bioche?nistr-y Section, College of Science and
More informationcomposition: glycerol, 1.00 g; glycine, 0.60 g; Irleucine, 0.60 g; K2HPO4,
A STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA FROM VARIOUS NATURAL SOURCES1 LEIF M. RINGEN' AND CHARLES H. DRAKE Department of Bacteriology and Public Health, Washington State College, Pulman, Washington
More informationAccepted 9 December, 2011
Vol. 8(9), pp. 872-877, 26 February, 14 DOI: 1.5897/AJMR11.1273 ISSN 1996-8 14 Academic Journals http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr African Journal of Microbiology Research Full Length Research Paper
More informationPolyurethane Foam. 1.9 cm, to fit snugly into 250-mni wide-mouthed jars. The dimension of the specimens for the growth curve
APPLIE MIcRomoLwy, Dec. 168, p. 1826-1830 Vol. 16, No. 12 Copyright 168 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. Effects of Jet-Fuel Microbial Isolates on a Polyurethane Foam H. G. HEDRICK AND
More informationReceived: 08 th Dec-2012 Revised: 15 th Dec-2012 Accepted: 18 th Dec-2012 Research Article
Received: 08 th Dec-2012 Revised: 15 th Dec-2012 Accepted: 18 th Dec-2012 Research Article MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF CEPHALOSPORIN C PRODUCTION USING STREPTOMYCES GRESIOLUS Ibrahim, S. Abdelsalam 1
More informationand Citric Acid Production in Two Species of
APPrun MICROBIOLOGY, June 1973, p. 890495 Copyright 0 1973 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 25, o. 6 Printed in U.S.A. Intergenic Complementation of Glucoamylase and Citric Acid Production in Two
More informationINDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY I
13 INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY I Dosen Pengampu : 1. Prof. Dr. Ir. Sri Kumalaningsih, M.App.Sc 2. Prof. Dr. Ir. Wignyanto, MS 3. Dr. Ir. M. Hindun Pulungan, MS 4. Dr.Ir. Nur Hidayat, MP 5. Irnia Nurika, STP,
More informationResearch Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences A study of morphological alterations of Meyerozyma guilliermondii (JN128648) cells during mannan synthesis Savitha K Koilery, TR Keerthi
More informationEfficiency of Waste Banana Peels in Bio-ethanol Production
www.stmjournals.com Efficiency of Waste Banana Peels in Bio-ethanol Production Apurva Barve 1, *, Kishori Tarfe 2 1 Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
More informationSolid-state fermentation of waste cabbage by Penicillium notatum NCIM NO-923 for production and characterization of cellulases
Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research 714 Vol. 68, August 29, pp. 714-718 J SCI IND RES VOL 68 AUGUST 29 Solid-state fermentation of waste cabbage by Penicillium notatum NCIM NO-923 for production
More informationLESSON ASSIGNMENT. After completing this lesson, you should be able to: Identify principles for maintaining a "working" stock culture.
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 10 Maintaining Stock Cultures. TEXT ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 10-1 through 10-6. TASK OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 10-1. Identify principles for
More informationEffect of Trace Elements on Citric Acid Fermentation by Aspergillus niger
APPLIED MICROBIOLOaY, Dec. 1970, p. 888-892 Vol. 20, No. 6 Copyright @ 1970 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. Effect of Trace Elements on Citric Acid Fermentation by Aspergillus niger
More informationSebastian Hernandez and Justo M. Mata Compania Espanola de Penicilina y Antibioticos, S. A., Madrid, Spain
42 THE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS JAN. 1971 AZIRINOMYCIN. MICROBIAL PRODUCTION AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS Edward O. Stapley, David Hendlin, Marion Jackson and A. Kathrine Miller Department of Basic Microbiological
More informationGROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENIC E. COLI DURING CURDLING OF MILK
Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2014 Aryya Mitra and Sanjib Ghoshal, 2014 Research Paper ISSN 2250-3137 www.ijlbpr.com Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2014 2014 IJLBPR. All Rights Reserved GROWTH AND SURVIVAL
More informationmedium in or upon which the mold was grown. Two possibilities were anticipated, (b) the penicillin G:penicillin F ratio would be increased. acid.
PENICILLIN X. THE EmuCT OF PHENYLACETIC ACID ON PENICILLIN PRODUCTION' ANDREW J. MOYER AND ROBERT D. COGHILL' Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, Illinois' Received for publication December
More informationSome Industrially Important Microbes and Their Products
2 Some Industrially Important Microbes and Their Products 2.1. ENZYME PRODUCING MICROBES Type of enzyme Substrate Microorganism Amylase Starch Saccharomyces diastaticus Protease Proteins Bacillus sp. Lipase
More informationLARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF LACCASE BY PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS IMI IN BIOREACTOR
LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF LACCASE BY PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS IMI 395545 IN BIOREACTOR ABSTRACT In this chapter large scale laccase production from Pleurotus ostreatus IMI 395545 in a bench top bioreactor was
More informationStudies on the Aerobic Propagation of Serratia marcescens'
Studies on the Aerobic Propagation of Serratia marcescens' R. G. BENEDICT, H. J. KOEPSELL,2 H. M. TSUCHIYA,3 E. S. SHARPE, J. CORMAN, C. E. KEMP, G. B. MEYERS, AND R. W. JACKSON Fermentation Section, Northern
More informationEnd-product Control of Acetohydroxyacid Synthetase by Valine in Penicillium chrysogenum q176 and a High Penicillin-yielding Mutant
J. gen. Microbiol. (1969), 59, 111-118 Printed in Great Britain I11 End-product Control of Acetohydroxyacid Synthetase by Valine in Penicillium chrysogenum q176 and a High Penicillin-yielding Mutant By
More informationCell Growth and DNA Extraction- Technion igem HS
Growing Cells and DNA Extraction Goals 1. Become familiar with the process of growing bacteria 2. Get to know the DNA extraction process 3. Perform miniprep in the lab Keywords 1. Growth stages 6. Techniques
More informationMedical Mycology. Lab (1)
Medical Mycology Lab (1) 1-Introduction Mycology - the study of fungi Fungi - molds and yeasts Molds - exhibit filamentous type of growth Yeasts - pasty or mucoid form of fungal growth 50,000 + valid species;
More informationINVESTIGATION ON CONVERSION OF FLOWER WASTES INTO BIOETHANOL AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ON SINGLE CYLINDER IC ENGINE
INVESTIGATION ON CONVERSION OF FLOWER WASTES INTO BIOETHANOL AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ON SINGLE CYLINDER IC ENGINE COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE DEPARTMENT : MECHANICAL
More informationProduction of Extracellular Protease and Determination of Optimise Condition by Bacillus Licheniformis BBRC
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS Volume 21, 2010 Editor J. J. Klemeš, H. L. Lam, P. S. Varbanov Copyright 2010, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-05-1 ISSN 1974-9791 DOI: 10.3303/CET1021242 1447
More informationKluyveromyces Marxianus Biofilm in Cheese Whey Fermentation for Bioethanol Production
Kluyveromyces Marxianus Biofilm in Cheese Whey Fermentation for Bioethanol Production Yogesh Joshi, Beatrice Senatore, Massimo Poletto Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica e Alimentare, University of Salerno,
More informationDEFICIENCY AND THE SPARING NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC NEUROSPORA CRASSA
J. Gen. App!. Microbiol., 25, 323-327 (1979) BIOTIN OF DEFICIENCY AND THE SPARING NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC ACID NEUROSPORA CRASSA EFFECT IN KENNETH D. MUNKRES Laboratories of Molecular Biology and Genetics,
More informationApplication of green fluorescent protein signal for effective monitoring of fermentation processes
Available online atwwwscholarsresearchlibrarycom Archives of Applied Science Research, 214, 6 (6):17-111 (http://scholarsresearchlibrarycom/archivehtml) ISSN 975-58X CODEN (USA) AASRC9 Application of green
More informationTAXONOMIC INVESTIGATION OF MONASCUS PURPUREUS STRAIN
ISSN 1310-8360 JOURNAL OF CULTURE COLLECTIONS Volume 2, 1997-1998, pp. 51-59 TAXONOMIC INVESTIGATION OF MONASCUS PURPUREUS 94-25 STRAIN Tanya Rasheva 1*, Jean Noel Hallet 2 and Anna Kujumdzieva 1 1 The
More informationBacterial strain and growth condition
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN( USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.1, No.2, pp 344-348, April-June 2009 Microbial Production of Hydrogen from Sugarcane Bagasse using Bacillus Sp. T.R.Manikkandan
More information