Climate change, food safety and human health: marine pathogenic bacteria

Transcription

1 Climate change, food safety and human health: diversity and epidemics of climate-related marine pathogenic bacteria Lanming Chen Shanghai Ocean University

2 Global climate change CO 2 reservoir atmosphere Solar energy Terrestrial CO 2 reservoir Ocean CO 2 reservoir 2 CO 2, CH 4 N 2 O Carbon fixation Organic carbon metabolism ical pump Biolog Cyanobacteria, Bacteria Virus Archaea C N Nutrient cycling S A schema of effects of marine microorganisms on climate change

3 Phylogenetic position of archaeon Hyperthermus

4 Optimal growth at o C, Tmax: 108 o C, ph7 Anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria Hyperthermus butylicus (Isolation: the sea floor of a solfatari habitat, Sao Miguel, Azores.) J. Bacteriol.1990,172:

5 Heterotrophic t respiration of H. butylicus Peptide mixtures S 0, H 2 Carbon, nitrogen, energy H. butylicus Fermentation products 1-butanol, acetic acid, CO 2 phenylacetic acid Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (trace)

6 Genome features of Hyperthermus butylicus Single circular chromosome: 1,667,163 bp G+C(%): Total sequencing reads: Genome coverage: Genome gap closure: , fold Comb PCR Predicted genes: 1,740 Conserved with protein function assigned: 540(31.9%) Conserved with unknown 449(26.5%) Conserved with unknown protein function: Start codon (65%): Sulfur reducing genes IS elements: Transposase genes: GUG, UUG Duplicated genes Gene families: Largest gene family: Peptidase: 14.7% transporter genes The genome of Hyperthermus butylicus: a sulphur-reducing, peptide fermenting, neutrophilic Crenarchaeote growing up to C. Archaea, 2007, 2:

7 Where did biological hazards in sea food come from? Pathogenic bacteria naturally indigenous to marine environment and naturally present on sea animals Pathogens run off from terrestrial environment Contaminants during processing, transport and storage of raw materials Contaminants growing in food preparation and storage.

8 Major Sea food-borne pathogens and diseases aquatic environment Clostridium botulinum Vibrio spp. V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus Plesiomonas shigelloides Aeromonas spp. Soil, decaying vegetation, ubiquitous in general environments Listeria monocytogenes Clostridium perfringens Bacillus spp. Clostridium botulinum proteolytic type A, B Animal / human reservoir Salmonella spp. Shigella spp. Campylobacter jejuni Staphylococcus aureus

9 Some recent sea food safety issues by Vibrios Chile. Shellfish consumption-related outbreaks caused by V. parahaemolyticus, 7,000 cases in Puerto Montt in (Emerging Inf.Dis.2009,15(2): ) Mexico. raw or undercooked d shrimp contaminated t by V. parahaemolyticus, 1230 cases in 2003 and 9, 2004 (FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006,265(1):76-80) USA. 825 cases, Vibrio vulnificus (33%), V. parahaemolyticus (29%), and V. alginolyticus (16%) in Florida in (Epidemiol Infect, 2010,14:1-8) China, 211 events caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in y p y (FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 2007,51:8 13)

10 Temperature effects on microbial food-borne diseases Distribution of 1078 microbial food-borne diseases during the calendar year FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 2007,51:8 13

11 Temperature effects on No.1 cause of sea food-borne disease Number of Vibrio parahaemolyticus incidents per month in Japan (CAC, 2002). Total V. parahaemolyticus levels in oysters at three sites in Chesapeake Bay were enumerated by direct plating Int. J. Food Microbiol. 128 (2008)

12 Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety College of Food Science and Technology

13 Current research interest Functional genomics and proteomics of marine bacteria Pathogenetics and epidemics of sea food-borne pathogens Screening for novel natural food preservatives Probiotics and environment-friendly aquaculture Contact details Professor Lanming Chen CFST, Shanghai Ocean University 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Pudong District Shanghai, PR P.R.China Tel: +86 (0)

14 Thank you very much for your attention