THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD TAS PLEUROTUS MUSHROOMS

Transcription

1 THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD TAS PLEUROTUS MUSHROOMS National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives ICS ISBN

2 UNOFFICAL TRANSLATION THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD TAS PLEUROTUS MUSHROOMS National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives 50 Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok Telephone (662) Facsimile (662) Published in the Royal Gazette, Announcement and General Publication Volume 129, Special Section 173ง (Ngo), Dated 16 November B.E.2555 (2012)

3 (2) Technical Committee on the Elaboration of Thai Agricultural Standard for Mushrooms 1. Khunying Prapaisri Pitakpaivan Chairperson 2. Mrs. Suvaluk Chaichuchote Member Department of Agriculture 3. Mrs. Orasa Dissataporn Member Department of Agricultural Extension 4. Mr. Korakod Chayutrarat Member Cooperative Promotion Department 5. Miss Tassanee Pradyabumrung Member National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards 6. Mr. Apirusht Somrith Member Plant Protection Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture 7. Associate Professor Niwat Sanoamuang Member Faculty of Agriculture, Khonkaen University 8. Associate Professor Prapaporn Tangkijchote Member The Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University at Kamphaengsaen Campus 9. Assistant Professor Songsak Janaudom Member The Mushroom Researchers and Growers Society of Thailand 10. Mr. Charnyut Parnutat Member Expert in Mushroom Spawned Substrate 11. Mrs. Ahchara Payapanon Member Expert in Mushroom Farm Management 12. Mr. Pramote Thaithatkul Member Expert in Production of Mushroom Spawn 13. Mrs. Thitilat Puangpohtnong Member 14. Mr. Phurtipong Chaiyavej Member 15. Mrs. Kunsiri Viengvisas Member and Secretary Office of Standard Development, National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards

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5 (3) Mushrooms are popularly consumed because they contain high nutritional values and safe due to minimal use of pesticide. Thailand has the ability to produce various kinds of mushrooms, in particular Pleurotus mushrooms e.g., Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), Hed-Nang-Fah (Pleurotus sajor-caju) and Abalone mushroom (Pleurotus abalonus). The establishment of quality criteria such as minimum requirements, classification, sizing, packaging and certification mark, is required to enhance the recognition of mushrooms both domestically and internationally. Therefore, the Agricultural Standards Committee deems it necessary to establish an agricultural standard on Pleurotus Mushrooms to promote and improve the quality and safety standards of Pleurotus mushrooms. This standard is based on the following documents: UNECE STANDARD FFV-24., Edition 2010, UNECE STANDARD FFV-24 Concerning the Marketing and Commercial Quality Control of Cultivated Mushrooms. United Nations, New York and Geneva.

6 NOTIFICATION OF THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND COOPERATIVES SUBJECT: THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD: PLEUROTUS MUSHROOMS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL STANDARDS ACT B.E (2008) Whereas the Agricultural Standards Committee deems it necessary to establish an agricultural standard on Pleurotus Mushrooms as a voluntary standard in accordance with the Agricultural Standards Act B.E (2008) to promote such agricultural commodity to meet its standard on quality and safety. By virtue of Sections 5, 15 and 16 of the Agricultural Standards Act B.E. 2551(2008), the Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives hereby issues this Notification on the Establishment of Thai Agricultural Standard: Pleurotus Mushrooms (TAS ), as voluntary standard, details of which are attached herewith. Notified on 24 September B.E (2012) Mr. Theera Wongsamut Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives

7 TAS THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD PLEUROTUS MUSHROOMS 1. SCOPE This Standard covers commercial varieties of Pleurotus or Pleurotoid mushrooms 1 of the genus Pleurotus spp., family Pleurotaceae to be supplied fresh. 2. DEFINITION For the purpose of this standard: 2.1 Mushroom pests mean living organisms such as virus, microorganisms, mites, insects, and other animals that cause damage to mushrooms. 2.2 Closed caps mean young Pleurotus mushrooms that caps are bended down with smooth edges (Figure A.5). 2.3 Fully opened or flat caps mean Pleurotus mushrooms that caps are flat with curly edges (Figure A.5). 2.4 Defects mean visible marks on mushroom caps caused by mushroom pests or unsuitable surroundings (Figure A.6). 3. QUALITY 3.1 Minimum requirements In all classes, subject to the special provisions for each class and the tolerances allowed, the Pleurotus mushrooms shall be as follows: (1) cluster or single; (2) fresh; (3) no rotting or deterioration to make it unfit for consumption; (4) clean and practically free of any visible foreign matter, except scraps of substrate adhered to the mushroom stalk; 1 Pleurotus mushrooms produced for commercial purposes e.g. oyster mushroom-bhutan (figure A.1) oyster mushroom-hungary (figure A.2), Abalone mushroom (figure A.3) and king oyster mushroom (figure A.4).

8 TAS (5) practically free of mushroom pests affecting the general appearance; (6) practically free of damage caused by mushroom pests affecting quality and consumer s acceptance; (7) free of abnormal external moisture, excluding the condensation following removal from cold storage; (8) free of any foreign smell and/ or discoloration due to deterioration The Pleurotus mushrooms shall be appropriate harvesting age depending on varieties, seasons, locations and market requirement in order to arrive the place of destination in a satisfactory condition. 3.2 CLASSIFICATION Pleurotus mushrooms are classified into 3 classes as follows: Extra Class Mushrooms shall be of superior quality. They may be in clusters or individuals. They shall be characteristics of the variety with closed caps and not more than 5% of fully opened caps of the total number. The flesh must be thick and free of color and skin defects Class I Mushrooms shall be of good quality. They may be in clusters or individuals. They shall be characteristics of the variety with closed caps and not more than 15% of fully opened caps of the total number. The mushrooms may have not more than 5% of visible defects in shape, color and skin of the total number, provided that these defects do not affect the general appearance of the produce, the quality, the keeping quality and presentation in the package Class II This class includes mushrooms which do not qualify for inclusion in the higher classes but satisfy the minimum requirements specified in Section 3.1. They may be in clusters or individuals. They shall be closed caps and not more than 20% of fully opened caps of the total number. The mushrooms may have not more than 10% of visible defects in shape, color and skin of the total number, provided that these defects do not affect the general appearance of the produce, the quality, the keeping quality and presentation in the package. 4. SIZING Pleurotus mushrooms sizes are determined only for individuals by measuring the maximum diameter of the cap as shown in Table 1:

9 3 TAS Table 1 Sizes of individual Pleurotus mushrooms 2 Size Code Diameter (centimeter) 1 > to < 3.6 Note: Quality classification and sizes are jointly determined by terms of trade. Trading partners may identify classes differently depending on their requirements or seasonal limitations. 5. TOLERANCES Tolerances according to unsatisfied requirement of the class in respect of quality and size in each package are as follows: 5.1 Quality tolerances Extra Class Five percent by number or weight not satisfying the requirements of Extra class (Section 3.2.1), but meeting either Class I (Section 3.2.2) or within the tolerances of Class I (Section 5.1.2) Class I Ten percent by number or weight of the Pleurotus mushrooms not satisfying the requirements of Class I (Section 3.2.2), but meeting either Class II (Section 3.2.3) or within the tolerances of Class II (Section 5.1.3) Class II Ten percent by number or weight of the Pleurotus mushrooms satisfying neither the requirements of Class II (Section 3.2.3), nor the minimum requirements (Section 3.1) with the exception that there shall be no mushrooms unfit for consumption. 5.2 Size tolerances Ten percent by number or weight of the Pleurotus mushrooms corresponding to the size code immediately above or below. 2 Data obtained from the collaborative project between The National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards (ACFS) and Kasetsart University entitled the Study on the Criteria to Identify Quality, Characteristic, Classification and Code Size of Mushrooms.

10 TAS PACKAGING 6.1 The Pleurotus mushrooms of each package shall be uniform according to variety, quality, size and color. The visible part of the produce on package shall represent the entire content. 6.2 The Pleurotus mushrooms shall be packed in such a way to protect any damage affecting the produce quality as well as the materials used inside the package shall be new and clean. The use of materials, in particular paper or stamps bearing trade specifications shall be printed or glued with non-toxic substances. 6.3 The containers shall meet the quality, hygiene and free of any foreign matter and smell. They shall be durable against handling and transporting and able to keep mushroom s quality to the final destination. 7. MARKING AND LABELLING 7.1 Consumer package. The following information shall appear on the package, wrapping, fastening materials, tag or sticker on the Pleurotus mushrooms. They shall be legible, clear and indelible without false or deceptive information: (1) Name of the produce; Oyster mushroom-bhutan or Oyster mushroom-hungary or Abalone mushroom or King oyster mushroom. If there are more than one kind, completely indicate each produce name or the statement as Mixed Pleurotus mushrooms ; (2) Class; (3) Size code (optional); (4) Net weight and day/month/year of packing; (5) Information of producer and/or distributor Indicate name and address of the producers or re-packers or distributors. Name and address of head office of producer or re-packer may be provided. For imported produce, the importer s name and address shall be indicated; (6) Source of origin Indicate country of origin, except domestically produced; (7) Language Label of domestic market shall be in Thai. However, foreign language may be added. Label of exported produce can be in foreign language.

11 5 TAS Non-retail containers. The following information shall be specified in the documents accompanying the shipment, adhering on the label or container. They shall be legible, clear and indelible without false or deceptive information: (1) Name of the produce Oyster mushroom-bhutan or Oyster mushroom-hungary or Abalone mushroom or King oyster mushroom. If there are more than one kind, completely indicate each name of produce or state that Mixed Pleurotus mushrooms ; (2) Class; (3) Size code (optional); (4) Net weight and day/month/year of packing; (5) Information of producer and/or distributor Indicate name and address of the producers or re-packers or distributors and identification code (if any). Name and address of head office of producer or re-packer may be provided. For imported produce, the importer s name and address shall be indicated; (6) Source of origin Indicate country of origin, except domestically produced; (7) Language Label of domestic market shall be in Thai. However, foreign language may be added. Label of exported produce can be in foreign language. 7.3 Certification mark The use of certification mark shall be complied with the Ministerial Regulation B.E.2553 (2010) under the Agricultural Standards Act B.E (2008) on Provisions Concerning Characteristic of Mark, Application and Display and the related Notifications on The National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standard. 8. CONTAMINANTS Contaminants in Pleurotus mushrooms shall be complied with the relevant laws.

12 TAS PESTICIDE RESIDUES Maximum residue limits of Pesticide in Pleurotus mushrooms shall be in compliance with the relevant laws and regulations and the requirements under the Thai Agricultural Standard on Pesticide Residues: Maximum Residue Limits (TAS 9002) and Pesticide Residues: Extraneous Maximum Residue Limits (TAS 9003). 10. HYGIENE The Pleurotus mushrooms shall be harvested, handled, stored, packed and transported in a hygienic manner so as to prevent contamination that may be harmful to consumers. 11. METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND SAMPLING 11.1 Analytical methods are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Analytical methods Criteria Analytical methods Principle 1. minimum requirements (Section 3.1.1) 2. Defects in shape and color (Section 3.2) Visual inspection Visual inspection 3. Skin defects (Section 3.2) Visual inspection - 4. Sizing (Section 4) Measure the maximum diameter of the cap - - Length measurement 11.2 Sampling methods shall be complied with relevant laws and requirements under the Thai Agricultural Standard on Methods of Sampling.

13 7 TAS APPENDIX A ILLUSTRATIONS OF PLEUROTUS MUSHROOMS (Sections 1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 and 4) Figure A.1 Oyster mushroom-bhutan Figure A.2 Oyster mushroom-hungary

14 TAS Figure A.3 Abalone mushroom Figure A.4 King oyster mushroom Closed cap Fully opened cap Figure A.5 closed cap and fully opened cap

15 9 TAS cap with curled edges irregular shape torn-edge cap due to over maturation torn - edge cap due to mishandling Figure A.6 Examples of unacceptable defects of Pleurotus mushrooms (Oyster mushroom-bhutan) size code 1 size code 2 size code 3 >7.0 cm cm <3.6 cm Figure A.7 Example of size codes of Pleurotus mushrooms (Oyster mushroom-bhutan)