New solutions in biopolymers for food and cosmetic industry

Transcription

1 New solutions in biopolymers for food and cosmetic industry

2 Biopolymers: general concepts

3 What is a Biopolymer? Why bio? The prefix bio is used in the world of polymers to define its natural, vegetable or animal origin. Also is used to indicate the biodegradability of the polymer. A Biobased polymer originates wholly or partly in biological material including trees, crops, grasses, algae and vegetable waste. Biobased content is determined by the method of Carbon 14 (CEN / TS ASTM 6866) which determines the ratio of C 14 in the Ctotal.

4 Biodegradable Plastics Plastic materials wich under certain environmental conditions, with the help of living organisms degrade, becoming completely natural elements: carbon dioxide, water and compost. Biodegradable plastics can have natural origin, biobased, or produced from fossil resources. Bioplastic It is a plastic that is made from natural raw materials (such as sugar, starch, cellulose, potatoes, cereals, molasses, soybean oil, corn, etc.) it is made in a sustainable way, it is biobased; and it may or may not be biodegradable.

5 Compostable A material is compostable when it biodegrades within a certain time under specific conditions that define composting. Composting is a procedure carried out by humans advancing the natural processes of biological decomposition and gives products like carbon dioxide, water, and mineral fertilizer (compost). A compostable material, by definition, is biodegradable, but a compostable material is not necessarily biodegradable. Should be met with European standard EN (US ASTM D ), decomposition of 90% or greater in less than 6 months.

6 Types of composting Domestic composting is being performed at room temperature with moisture and microorganisms. It can be done al home. Industrial composting is being carried out at elevated temperature (50 70⁰C), high humidity and microorganisms. It is the composting of residual urban organic matter (brown container in Catalonia and the Basque Country).

7 Oxo degradables plastic Oxo degradable plastics are conventional plastics (generally PE) to which additives have been added. These additives function as catalysts in order to decompose the plastics by the action of light, heat or UV (photodegradable) The material does not degrade, it just breaks into smaller fragments. The material does not meet the standards of composting. The EU has recommended to its member states the total ban of oxo degradable plastics by 2018.

8 Sustainability: A situation or a feature by which the needs of the current population can be met without compromising the ability of future generations or people from elsewhere (UNEP). Life Cycle: Are consecutive and interconnected stages of a product from obtaining production to its end of life in landfills or incineration, through its manufacture and use in their lifetime (ISO 14044). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): It is the collection and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle (ISO 14044). Carbon footprint: It is the addition of emissions of greenhouse gases, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent, in a system based on an analysis of product life cycle (ISO 14067).

9 Biopolymers BIO PE BIO PU BIO PA BIO PVC Starch Cellulose Cellophane PLA PHA Bio Origin Bio Origin + + Non Biodegradable Biodegradable Bio Origin PE,PP,PS ABS, PC, PMMA PUR PA PET Petrochemical + Non Biodegradable Petrochemical + Biodegradable PCL PBAT PBS PVOH/PVA PGA Biodegradability

10 Biodegradable Polymers Biodegradable Polymers Biopolymers from renewable sources Bioplastics Biopolymers from non renewable sources Polymer extracted from biomass: starch, cellulose, lignin, proteins Synthesized from de biomonomers PLA Produced from microorganisms PHA Petrochemical origin PCL, PBSA, PBS PBS: polybutylene polysuccinate PBSA: Poly (succinate co butylene adipate) PCL: Polycaprolactone PHA: polyhydroxyalkanoates PLA: polylactic acid

11 Other biopolymers, wholly or partially from biological origin, but non biodegradable: PET: 30% MEG (via fermentation) + 70% PTA (petrochemical origin). PE: ethylene (via fermentation). PTT: 1,3 propanediol (via fermentation) + PTA (petrochemical origin). PBT: 1,4 butanediol (via fermentation) + PTA (petrochemical origin). PUR: polydiol (via fermentation) + isocyanate (petrochemical origin). PA6: caprolactam (via fermentation). PA66: adipic acid (via fermentation) and hexamethylenediamine (petrochemical). PA69: chemical transformation of oleic acid. Other.

12 Carbon footprint Comparison of different polymers Emissions from the production of common polymers (kg. CO2 eq. per kg. of polymer from cradle to factory gate) Source: Plastics Europe ( sustainability/eco profiles.aspx). 2006

13 Life cycle of biodegradable bioplastics

14 Compounds based on aliphatic polyesters biopolymers: ErcrosBio PH: Products based on PHA ErcrosBio L: Products based on PLA

15 General Characteristics Compounds bases on PHA ErcrosBio PH There are aliphatic polyester made directly by lips or sugars fermentation by bacteria, with a chemical structure as follows: There are around of 150 different PHA : Homopolymers: PHB :R= CH 3 PHV :R= CH 3 CH 2 PHH :R= CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Copolymers: PHBV ó P(3HB co 3HV) PHBH ó P(3HB co 3HH)

16 ErcrosBio PH Applications Packaging for food and non food end use. Films: waste bags One use cutlery. Textile uses. High degradability products. Other: PVC plasticizers.

17 ErcrosBio PH 070 ErcrosBio PH ErcrosBio PH 110 Propiedad Método ErcrosBio PH 070 ErcrosBio PH 110 Units Melt Flow Index (M.F.I.) ISO 1133 (160ºC, 2,16 Kg) 1 2 g/10 min Density ISO ,21 1,20 g/cc Melting Temperature (Tm) DSC: ISO ºC Glass Trans.T emperature (Tg) DSC: ISO ºC Thermal propertiers TGA (método propio) ºC

18 Pros Depending on PHA characteristics, different properties. Mechanical properties similar than olefins (~LDPE ). No catalyzers traces. Good barrier properties similar to aromatic polyester (~ PET). Good fat and solvents resistance. Buena for blowing process. Good hydrolysis stability. Cons Low temperature processability. Process not easy. Brittle in some cases. Low viscosity. Additives incorporation ErcrosBio PH New products development

19 ErcrosBio L General Characteristics: Grades in PLA: * LL600 * LL650 * LL700 * LD600

20 ErcrosBio L Applications Packaging for food and non food end use. Construction for foaming, profile, siding, One use cutlery Textiles uses Electric and electronic end use. Automotive

21 Pros: Sustainable origin made from natural sources. Compostable and burnable. Mechanical properties similar than PET y al PS. Printable. Water and fatty product resistance. Sealable at lower temperature than olefins. High Young modulus. Transparent. Similar olefin process (extrusion, injection and thermoforming). Cons: High risk of hydrolysis. Low Permeability. Stiffness. ErcrosBio L

22 ErcrosBio L ErcrosBio LL600, ErcrosBio LL650, EcrosBio LL700 Mechanical properties 80 3,5 Esfuerzo en el punto de fluencia (MPa) Modulo de Young (GPa) 3 2,5 2 1, ,5 0 ErcrosBio LL 600 ErcrosBio LL 650 ErcrosBio LL ErcrosBio LL 600 ErcrosBio LL 650 ErcrosBio LL ErcrosBio LL700 very rigid material Elongacion a rotura (%) ErcrosBio LL 600 ErcrosBio LL 650 ErcrosBio LL 700

23 ErcrosBio L ErcrosBio LL600, ErcrosBio LL650, EcrosBio LL700 Injection Extrusion 0 Melt Flox Index 190ºC, 2.16Kg (g/10min) ErcrosBio LL 600 ErcrosBio LL 650 ErcrosBio LL ErcrosBio LL 600 ErcrosBio LL 650 ErcrosBio LL 700 ErcrosBio LL 600 ErcrosBio LL 650 ErcrosBio LL 700 Transmision vapor de agua WTR 38ºC 90% humedad (cc/m2 d) Transmision al O2 OTR 23ºC 0% humedad (cc/m2.d)

24 ErcrosBio L ErcrosBio LL600, ErcrosBio LL650, EcrosBio LL700 Properties to be modified: Oxygen and water vapor permeability. Thermal properties. Stiffness. Additives incorporation New products development ErcrosBio LM

25 LM Transparent extrusion grades Opaque extrusion grades Transparent injection grades Opaque injection grades series series series series

26 Aditives ErcrosBio LM Series Extruder PLA pellets Drying Dry PLA Drying Extruder PLA Films and sheets Thermoformed products

27 ErcrosBio LM Series Mechanical properties 80 4 Esfuerzo en el punto de fluencia (MPa) Modulo de Young (GPa) 3,5 3 2,5 2 1, ,5 0 ErcrosBio LL ErcrosBio LL ErcrosBio LM higher tenacity to deformation > 100% Elongacion a rotura (%) ErcrosBio LL

28 ErcrosBio LM Series Melt Flox Index 190ºC, 2.16Kg (g/10min) 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 Improvement in pearmeabilty in oxigen and water vapor 0,0 ErcrosBio LL Transmision vapor de agua WTR 38ºC 90% humedad (cc/m2 d) % Transmision al O2 OTR 23ºC 0% humedad (cc/m2.d) % 32 % 5 0 ErcrosBio LL ErcrosBio LL

29 ErcrosBio LM Range of products for the production of components by injection molding and blow injection molding Transparent products: Series Opaque products: Series 63000

30 Aditives Extruder Dry PLA ErcrosBio LM Series Drying PLA Pellets Injecction Drying PLA End products

31 ErcrosBio LM Series Mechanical properties 70 4 Esfuerzo en punto de fluencia (MPa) Modulo de Young (GPa) 3,5 3 2,5 2 1, ,5 0 ErcrosBio LL ErcrosBio LL ErcrosBio LM y high tenacity materials with breaking deformation > 140%, with modulus similar than standard PLA. Elongacion a rotura (%) ErcrosBio LL

32 ErcrosBio LM Series Melt Flox Index 190ºC, 2.16Kg (g/10min) 10,0 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 Improvement in permeability properties in oxygen and water vapor. 0,0 ErcrosBio LL % Transmision al O2 OTR 23ºC 0% humedad (cc/m2.d) % 27 % 53 % Transmision vapor de agua WTR 38ºC 90% humedad (cc/m2 d) % 30 % 14 % ErcrosBio LL ErcrosBio LL

33 CONCLUSIONS Ercros has a range of products based on PLA. With a variety of properties specifically tailored to meet the requirements for processing and to have required properties. Application for extrusion and extrusionthermoforming, injection and injection blow molding To obtain a wide variety of finished products.

34 Thanks for your interest! Belén Pascual, head of R&D in plastic division. Domingo Font, biopolymers sales manager