Trends in Australian grain quality: what s in the pipeline for mal9ng barley. David Moody InterGrain

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1 Trends in Australian grain quality: what s in the pipeline for mal9ng barley David Moody InterGrain

2 Barley Breeding in Australia Pre 2006 Individual State Government Programs WA QLD NSW VIC SA Co- opera8ve Barley Breeding Australia Western Northern Southern + Private Smaller Players Edstar Gene8cs Post 2011 Commercial Model

3 Pipeline Influencers Mal8ng quality research and development AEGIC (DAFWA, Edith Cowan Uni, Murdoch Uni) University of Adelaide Accredita8on Process led by Barley Australia Commercial breeding environment driven by End Point Royal8es (EPR s) Variety success determined by value provided to growers in increasing farm profitability Price (quality) Yield Agronomic benefit

4 R&D: AEGIC 1. Technology & innova9on Barley quality improvement through genomic approaches Novel quality traits GA- free mal8ng Genes influencing protein content, modifica8on and FAAN LTP genes expressed in barley and malt DNA fingerprin8ng database for major barley varie8es & gene- based diagnos8c analysis methods for mal8ng quality.

5 R&D: AEGIC 2. Pilot Mal9ng Australia Australia s first na8onal pilot mal8ng facility Uni- malter chamber that caters for varia8ons in steeping, germina8on and kilning Designed to simulate commercial mal8ng prac8ce Only one of its kind in the southern hemisphere and one of only five of this type opera8ng worldwide.

6 R&D: Adelaide University Research Studies Alpha- Amylase Varia8on Enzyme thermostability varies significantly between isoforms Gene8c Varia8on in β- glucanase Substan8al gene8c varia8on in β- glucanase iden8fied in wild barley Varia8on associated with fermentability and brewing performance

7 R&D: Adelaide University/AEGIC Joint Research Increasing malt extract; 5 genomic regions influencing malt extract are being inves8gated Chr 1H: Starch proper8es Chr 2H: Husk thickness Chr 5H: Hormone synthesis Chr 6H: Oligosaccharides Chr 7H: Long chain fafy acids

8 Breeding Pipeline Crossing Agronomic Trials Growers Quality Crossing - Release Accredita9on 8-12 years 3 6 years Market Development Market Development - Acceptance

9 Barley Australia Accreditation For accredita9on, varie9es must Possess high malt extract Targets revised for all future varie8es Malt extract minimum 80.0% to a minimum of 10.5% protein Produce low wort viscosity and beta- glucan Targets revised for all future varie8es Viscosity max 1.58 to max 1.56 cp Beta- glucan max 180 to max 150 mg/l Have high FAAN Min 150 mg/l

10 Barley Australia Accreditation For accredita9on, varie9es must Have either high or moderate fermentability Starch Adjunct Min 81.0% AAL Min 300WK diastase Sugar Adjunct Max 81.0% AAL Max 300WK diastase Preferably process without the use of gibberellic acid

11 Varieties in accreditation process during 2014 Variety Company Stage Adjunct Pilot Brewed Advanced to next stage of evalua9on SY Rafler Syngenta 1 Sugar N N Mar 2017 Target year of accredita9on Flinders InterGrain 2 Starch Y Y Accredited Mar 2015 La Trobe InterGrain 2 Starch Y Y Accredited Mar 2015 Skipper Adelaide Uni 2 Sugar N N Withdrawn Litmus InterGrain 1 Sugar N N Mar 2017 Compass Adelaide Uni 1 Starch/ Sugar N N Mar 2017

12 New varieties in accreditation process for 2015 Variety Company Stage Adjunct Pilot Brewed Advanced to next stage of evalua9on Target year of accredita9 on IGB1334t InterGrain 0 Sugar

13 Barley Variety Market Shares Ul9mately the suite of varie9es available is driven by their rela9ve value to the grower to increase farm profitability Price Rela8ve to other varie8es and other crops Yield Rela8ve to other varie8es and other crops Agronomic benefits Disease management Weed management

14 Pro s of Private Breeding Current Variety Market Share 4% 4% 2% 2% 3% 3% 7% 13% 2% % Production 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 19% 35% InterGrain es8mates for 2014/15 Hindmarsh Scope Commander Buloke Gairdner Fleet Bass La Trobe Baudin Major varie8es Hindmarsh, Scope, Commander New varie8es take approximately 4 years before reaching peak produc8on Historically major varie8es Baudin and Gairdner already at low levels

15 Pro s of Private Breeding Influence of variety change on grain quality Grain Protein % Deviation from mean

16 Pro s of Private Breeding Malt Quality Profiles: Malt Extract Malt Extract % Malt Protein % Malt extract % of newer varie8es (Bass, Flinders, La Trobe, Litmus) are higher than older varie8es such as Gairdner and Vlamingh Results are means of 10 micromalt analyses from InterGrain trials

17 Pro s of Private Breeding Malt Quality Profiles: Modification Kolbach index Malt Protein % Modifica8on of newer varie8es (Bass, Flinders, La Trobe, Litmus) tend to be higher than older varie8es Results are means of 10 micromalt analyses from InterGrain trials

18 Malt Quality Profiles: Diastase & Fermentability Diastatic power Wort - aal% Results are means of 10 micromalt analyses from the 2012 season InterGrain trials Newer varie8es Bass, La Trobe and Litmus have high levels of diastase and high levels of fermentability Flinders tends to be mid range in terms of diastase but s8ll has high levels of fermentability

19 Pro s of Private Breeding Malt Quality Profiles: FAAN Free amino nitrogen Malt Protein % FAAN levels of newer varie8es are consistently higher than older varie8es Results are means of 10 micromalt analyses from the 2012 season InterGrain trials

20 Pro s of Private Breeding Malt Quality Profiles: Wort viscosity & betaglucan Wort viscosity Beta- glucan Results are means of 10 micromalt analyses from the 2012 season InterGrain trials Newer varie8es Bass, Flinders and Litmus have very low wort viscosity and wort betaglucan La Trobe represents a significant improvement in these characteris8cs versus Hindmarsh

21 Pro s of Private Breeding Varieties will change quickly Hindmarsh, Scope, Commander expected to decline rapidly over the next 3 years La Trobe, Compass, IGB1334T, Flinders and Granger likely to increase Opportuni8es exist for smaller varie8es with < 500,000t produc8on

22 La Trobe and Flinders Both La Trobe and Flinders were accredited as mal8ng varie8es by Barley Australia aper comple8ng 2 years of commercial trials In 2 nd year trials: 1610 tonnes of La Trobe was malted in 14 batches 2,625 tonnes of Flinders was malted in 24 batches Evalua8on was extensive

23 La Trobe and Flinders La Trobe produc8on in 2015 is expected to exceed 500,000t Flinders produc8on in 2015 is expected to be in range of 20 40,000t

24 Pro s of Private Breeding Conclusions The Australian mal9ng barley pipeline Is constantly changing with a goal for con8nual improvement in quality, yield and produc8on traits On farm profitability improvements will sustain the pipeline Is diversifying as commercial breeding companies seek to compete for interest from both growers and end- users This creates both challenges and opportuni8es for end users Is entering a new phase with a likely substan8al change in the mix of varie8es over the next few years La Trobe and Flinders recently accredited

25 Thank you