Nanotechnology Program Elements. Nanoelectronics and Computing. Sensors. - Structural Materials. Structural Materials

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1 Nanotechnology Program Elements - Nanoelectronics and Computing - Sensors - Structural Materials Nanoelectronics and Computing Molecular electronics & photonics Computing architecture Assembly Sensors Life detection Crew health & safety Vehicle health Structural Materials Composites Multifunctional materials Self healing

2 Onboard computing systems for future autonomous intelligent vehicles - powerful, compact, low power consumption, radiation hard High performance computing (Tera- and Peta-flops) - processing satellite data - integrated space vehicle engineering - climate modeling Revolutionary computing technologies Smart, compact sensors, ultrasmall probes Advanced miniaturization of all systems Microspacecraft 'Thinking' spacecraft Micro-, nano-rovers for planetary exploration Novel materials for future spacecraft

3 NASA Nanotechnology Roadmap C A P A B I L I T Y Multi-Functional Materials High Strength Materials (>10 GPa) Reusable Launch Vehicle (20% less mass, 20% less noise) Revolutionary Aircraft Concepts (30% less mass, 20% less emission, 25% increased range) Adaptive Autonomous Self-Repairing Spacecraft Space Missions (40% less mass) Bio-Inspired Materials and Processes Increasing levels of system design and integration Materials Single-walled nanotube fibers Nanotube composites Integral thermal/shape control Smart skin materials Biomimetic material systems Electronics/ computing Low-Power CNT electronic components Molecular computing/data storage Fault/radiation tolerant electronics Nano electronic brain for space Exploration Biological computing Sensors, s/c components In-space nanoprobes Nano flight system components Quantum navigation sensors Integrated nanosensor systems NEMS flight 1 µw >

4 Nanoelectronics and Computing Roadmap Impact on Space Transportation, Space Science and Earth Science hν e - Sensor Web Mission Complexity Nano-electronic components RLV Europa Sub Robot Colony Ultra high density storage Biological Molecules Biomimetic, radiation resistant molecular computing CNT Devices Compute Capacity

5 Nanosensor Roadmap Impact on Space Transportation, HEDS, Space Science and Astrobiology Optical Sensors for Synthetic Vision Mission Complexity Biosensors Nanotube Vibration Sensor for Propulsion Diagnostics Europa Sub Mars Robot Colony Sensor Web 2020 Multi-sensor Arrays (Chemical, optical and bio) Spacestation Sharp CJV 2003 ISPP Nanopore for in situ biomark-sensor 1999 DSI RAX Missions too early for nanotechnology impact Sensor Capacity

6 Nano-Materials Roadmap Impact on Space Transportation, Space Science and HEDS Generation 3 RLV HEDS Habitats Mission Complexity Production of single CNT RLV Cryo Tanks CNT Tethers SELF-ASSEMBLING MATERIALS SO - SO - SO - 3 H + 3 H + H + 3 Ca ++ SO3 - Ca ++ SO3 - - SO3 Ca ++ SO3 - SO3 - Ca ++ SO3 - SELF-HEALING MATERIALS Non-tacky temperature Tacky NANOTUBE COMPOSITES MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS Strong Smart Structures Nanotextiles CNT = Carbon Nanotubes

7 Biomimetics and Bio-inspired Systems Impact on Space Transportation, Space Science and Earth Science Mission Complexity Extremophiles Embryonics Self Assembled Array Sensor Web Space Transportation Biologically inspired aero-space systems Brain-like computing Mars in situ life detector Skin and Bone Self healing structure and thermal protection systems Biological nanopore low resolution Artificial nanopore high resolution DNA Computing Biological Mimicking

8 (Scientific American, September 2001) Nano in The world

9 Micro and Nano technologies - status Micro technologies 1/1,000,000 of a meter Devices dimensions today in the Microelectronics industry ~0.18 µm The dimensions will reach 0.1 µm in 2010 ~1000 million devices on a chip Nano technologies 1/1,000,000,000 of a meter 1000 Billion devices on a chip Atomic scale devices Not in production... yet.

10 There are two ways to build a house... Top- down Bottom -up

11 The Top-down Approach

12 The Bottom-up Approach

13 Main Tools for Nano: 1. Observation: a) SEM/TEM (optical) b) SPM 2. Construction: a) E-beam/optical Lithography b) SPM Lithography c) Self assembly d) Chemistry

14 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Principle (From IOWA U. web site)

15 SEM Image (Leo 1530) High resolution image of a frozen, hydrated yeast uncoated chromite

16 SEM Imaging 2 nm ~4 nm gap Before Au 55 trapping After Au 55 trapping

17 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Image (Leo 922 OMEGA) Tunnelling device on the basis of a Si/Ge heterostructure Si[110] taken on LEO 922 Lattic spacings: [111] = 0.31nm, [200] = 0.27nm

18 Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) Piezo Tip Sample Computer Electronics (Control) (Current+Feedback) I(V) ~ Ve -(ks) Matrix of heights (Image) Tunneling between a sharp tip and conducting surface. Piezo enables xy and z movement. Working mode: constant current. The feedback voltage V z (x,y) is translated to height (topographic) information.

19 STM Head רכיבי היחידה המרכזית ראש ה - STM חוד בידוד דגם בסיס גביש פייזו- אלקטרי בורג מיקרו- מטרי

20 STM Images Graphite atomic resolution: Supercoiled DNA

21 Atomic Force Microscope ( AFM) Principle

22 AFM Head Laser diode Coarse approach Vibration isolation + Stiffness Window for optical microscope Photodiode Photodiode adjustment system Piezoelectric scanner 1cm

23 AFM Images 10µm Magnetic bits of a zip disk 100nm G4-DNA Nanotube between electrodes DNA-Nanotube